Science g10 2nd quarter reviewer
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following effects is associated with ultraviolet (UV) light exposure?

  • Reduction in the growth rate of photosynthesis (correct)
  • Eye damage
  • Skin burns
  • Greenhouse effect involvement
  • What is a characteristic of a concave mirror?

  • It diverges light
  • The reflective surface bulges away from the light source (correct)
  • It forms only real images
  • The reflective surface bulges towards the light source
  • What describes the process of reflection?

  • Breaking down of light rays
  • Bouncing off of light rays (correct)
  • Transmission through a medium
  • Absorption of light rays
  • Which type of image is formed by a concave lens?

    <p>Virtual and upright (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula used to determine the number of images formed by two mirrors?

    <p>$N = rac{360}{ ext{angle between the mirror}} - 1$ (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common effect of prolonged exposure to infrared radiation?

    <p>Eye damage (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of a convex lens?

    <p>Thinner at the edges and thicker at the center (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of radiation is known for its potential to kill living cells?

    <p>Gamma rays (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is electromagnetic induction primarily associated with?

    <p>The relationship between electricity and magnetism (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which materials are considered ferromagnetic?

    <p>Iron, Cobalt, Nickel (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to a non-magnetic current-carrying wire in a strong magnetic field?

    <p>It experiences a magnetic force causing movement (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about the electromagnetic spectrum is true?

    <p>Radio waves have the longest wavelength (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who predicted the existence of electromagnetic waves in 1862?

    <p>James Clerk Maxwell (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of non-ionizing radiation?

    <p>Includes radio waves and microwaves (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was demonstrated by Michael Faraday's Induction Ring Experiment in 1831?

    <p>Changing magnetic fields can produce electric current (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key property of magnets?

    <p>They can attract or repel other magnets (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following applications is NOT associated with microwaves?

    <p>Remote control systems (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary property of visible light?

    <p>Electromagnetic waves detectable by the naked eye (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of radiation is primarily used in medical imaging for detecting skeletal abnormalities?

    <p>X-rays (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following types of radiation stimulates vitamin D production in the human body?

    <p>Ultraviolet radiation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which application is directly associated with the use of infrared radiation?

    <p>Thermometers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following radiation types is discovered by John Wilhelm Ritter?

    <p>Ultraviolet radiation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the range of frequencies classified as microwaves?

    <p>300 MHz to 300 GHz (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which effect of visible light is related to its interaction with biological organisms?

    <p>Powers the photosynthetic cycle of a plant (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Infrared radiation effects

    Long-term exposure can damage eyes and skin; contributes to the greenhouse effect; and elevates temperatures.

    UV radiation effects

    Overexposure can cause skin cancer, eye damage, and immune suppression; harms plant growth.

    X-ray effects

    Can harm living cells, potentially leading to cataracts and skin burns.

    Gamma ray effects

    Can kill living cells, and increase risk of radiation poisoning and cancer.

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    Reflection

    Light bouncing off a surface.

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    Spherical Mirrors

    Mirrors with curved surfaces.

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    Concave Mirror

    A curved mirror that bulges away from light, causing light rays to converge.

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    Convex Mirror

    A curved mirror that bulges towards the light, causing light rays to diverge.

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    Electromagnetic Radiation Types

    Different forms of energy that travel as waves, including radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X-rays, and gamma rays.

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    Microwave Applications

    Used in radar, phone calls, cable TV, ovens, and medical treatments (microwave ablation).

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    Infrared Properties

    Higher temperatures create shorter infrared waves. Useful for remote controls and night vision.

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    Visible Light Colors

    Visible light is perceived as colors: ROYGBIV (Red, Orange, Yellow, Green, Blue, Indigo, Violet).

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    UV Light Sources

    The sun is a major source of UV radiation, which comes in types UVA, UVB, and UVC.

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    X-ray Applications

    Used for medical imaging (bones, teeth), security scans, and industrial inspections.

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    Gamma Ray Sources

    Gamma rays come from celestial events like stars and supernovae, used in cancer treatment.

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    Visible Light Effects

    Visible light powers photosynthesis, but also has harmful effects like eye damage and breakdown of materials.

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    Electromagnetic Induction

    The relationship between electricity and magnetism where a changing magnetic field induces an electric current in a conductor.

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    Transducer

    A device that converts one form of energy into another, often used for audio or other signals.

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    Electromagnetic Spectrum

    The range of all types of electromagnetic radiation, from radio waves to gamma rays, ordered by frequency and wavelength.

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    Electromagnetic Wave

    A wave that is created by accelerating electric charges and that has both electric and magnetic components that travel together.

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    Electric Generator

    A device that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy by rotating a coil within a magnetic field.

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    Magnetism

    The property of materials that allows them to attract or repel other magnetic materials.

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    Electromagnetic Induction (1831)

    Michael Faraday's experiment demonstrating the generation of an electric current from a changing magnetic field.

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    Oersted's Discovery (1819)

    Hans Christian Oersted's finding that a current-carrying wire creates a magnetic field.

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    Study Notes

    Effects of Infrared Radiation

    • Exposure to infrared radiation for long periods may experience eye damage
    • Can damage skin and tissues
    • Involved in the greenhouse effect
    • Elevated temperatures and changes in weather

    Effects of Ultraviolet Light (UV)

    • Overexposure may cause skin cancer
    • Damage of the immune system
    • Suppression of eye
    • Harmful UV rays cause reduction in the growth rate of photosynthesis

    Effects of X-Ray

    • The radiation from x-rays can harm living cells
    • Cataracts in the eyes
    • Skin burns

    Effects of Gamma Rays

    • Can kill living cells
    • May develop mild case of radiation poisoning
    • Risk of cancer

    Module 3: Mirrors and Lenses

    Reflection

    • Reflection - bouncing off of light rays
    • Rays of light:
      • Incident Ray - ray of light approaching the mirror
      • Reflected Ray - ray of light which leaves the mirror
      • Normal line - ray strikes the mirror
    • Multiple Images
      • The number of images, N, can be determined using the formula N = (360/angle between the mirror) - 1

    Types of Reflection

    • Specular/Regular - on smooth surfaces
    • Diffused/Irregular - on rough surfaces

    Spherical Mirrors / Curved Mirror

    • Spherical mirrors / Curved mirror - is a reflecting surface in which its surface is a section of sphere
    • Concave Mirror - converging mirror; reflective surface bulges away from the light source
    • Convex Mirror - diverging mirror; reflective surface bulges towards the light source

    Center of curvature (c)

    • Center of curvature (c) - center of sphere

    Radius (r)

    • Radius (r) - distance from the mirror

    Vertex (v)

    • Vertex (v) - center of the mirror

    Focal point/ focus (f)

    • Focal point/ focus (f) - point between the center of c and v

    Lens

    • Lens - transparent material made of glass or plastic

    Types of lenses

    • Convex lens - thicker (center), thinner (edges); forms real and virtual
    • Concave lens - thicker (edges), thinner (center); upright and reduced images

    Real Images

    • Real images - images formed on screen after reflection

    Virtual Images

    • Virtual images - formed by intersection of non-real rays

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    Description

    Explore the impacts of various types of radiation, including infrared, ultraviolet, x-ray, and gamma rays, on living organisms and the environment. Additionally, delve into the principles of reflection in optics, including key terms and image formation. This quiz will enhance your understanding of both radiation effects and the behavior of light.

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