Podcast
Questions and Answers
What percentage of the cardiac output does bronchial circulation account for?
What percentage of the cardiac output does bronchial circulation account for?
- 10%
- 15%
- 2% (correct)
- 5%
Why might new vessels branch from the bronchial veins?
Why might new vessels branch from the bronchial veins?
- To improve drainage by the azygos system
- To supply oxygen to the heart
- To increase pulmonary capillary diameters
- As a response to pulmonary circulation blockage (correct)
What is the average diameter of pulmonary capillaries?
What is the average diameter of pulmonary capillaries?
- ~10 um
- ~6 um (correct)
- ~8 um
- ~4 um
How long does it take for a red blood cell to travel through the pulmonary capillaries at resting cardiac output?
How long does it take for a red blood cell to travel through the pulmonary capillaries at resting cardiac output?
What is the primary function of the pulmonary circulation?
What is the primary function of the pulmonary circulation?
In which zone of the lung does continuous blood flow normally occur?
In which zone of the lung does continuous blood flow normally occur?
Which parameter is used to estimate left ventricular preload?
Which parameter is used to estimate left ventricular preload?
In Zone 1 of the lung, what is the typical state regarding blood flow?
In Zone 1 of the lung, what is the typical state regarding blood flow?
Which technique is used to measure total pulmonary blood flow (cardiac output)?
Which technique is used to measure total pulmonary blood flow (cardiac output)?
Where is pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) typically measured to estimate left ventricular preload?
Where is pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) typically measured to estimate left ventricular preload?
What is a major determinant of Pulmonary Vascular Resistance (PVR)?
What is a major determinant of Pulmonary Vascular Resistance (PVR)?
How does the thin walls of pulmonary vessels affect Pulmonary Vascular Resistance (PVR)?
How does the thin walls of pulmonary vessels affect Pulmonary Vascular Resistance (PVR)?
How does the distribution of resistance in the pulmonary circulation compare to systemic circulation?
How does the distribution of resistance in the pulmonary circulation compare to systemic circulation?
What happens to Pulmonary Vascular Resistance (PVR) due to vasoconstriction in response to hypoxia?
What happens to Pulmonary Vascular Resistance (PVR) due to vasoconstriction in response to hypoxia?
In the pulmonary circulation, what is the typical drop in pressure from the Pulmonary Artery (PA) to the left atrium?
In the pulmonary circulation, what is the typical drop in pressure from the Pulmonary Artery (PA) to the left atrium?
What happens to the extra-alveolar vessel resistance to blood flow at high lung volumes?
What happens to the extra-alveolar vessel resistance to blood flow at high lung volumes?
How does pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) change as cardiac output increases?
How does pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) change as cardiac output increases?
What effect does distention have on the diameter of blood vessels?
What effect does distention have on the diameter of blood vessels?
How are alveolar and extraalveolar vessels related in terms of resistance?
How are alveolar and extraalveolar vessels related in terms of resistance?
What happens to the resistance to pulmonary blood flow with an increase in mean pulmonary artery pressure?
What happens to the resistance to pulmonary blood flow with an increase in mean pulmonary artery pressure?
Where is the hilar region located in relation to the apex and base of the lungs?
Where is the hilar region located in relation to the apex and base of the lungs?
What is the pulmonary arterial blood pressure at the apex of the lung if the pulmonary arterial pressure is 25/8 and a 15cm column of blood exerts a pressure of 11mmHg at its base?
What is the pulmonary arterial blood pressure at the apex of the lung if the pulmonary arterial pressure is 25/8 and a 15cm column of blood exerts a pressure of 11mmHg at its base?
According to Starling’s forces, where is the first place pulmonary edema occurs based on the interaction of pressures in the lung?
According to Starling’s forces, where is the first place pulmonary edema occurs based on the interaction of pressures in the lung?
Why does more blood flow occur in the lower regions of the lung compared to the upper regions?
Why does more blood flow occur in the lower regions of the lung compared to the upper regions?
What is the total pulmonary blood flow conceptually influenced by in terms of pulmonary artery pressure, pulmonary vein pressure, and alveolar pressure?
What is the total pulmonary blood flow conceptually influenced by in terms of pulmonary artery pressure, pulmonary vein pressure, and alveolar pressure?
How does negative-pressure (eupnea) breathing affect LV filling and stroke volume?
How does negative-pressure (eupnea) breathing affect LV filling and stroke volume?
What happens to pulmonary blood flow during positive pressure ventilation (PPV)?
What happens to pulmonary blood flow during positive pressure ventilation (PPV)?
How does positive pressure ventilation affect the afterload of the right ventricle (RV)?
How does positive pressure ventilation affect the afterload of the right ventricle (RV)?
How do positive alveolar pressures and decreased venous return affect Zone 1 in the lungs?
How do positive alveolar pressures and decreased venous return affect Zone 1 in the lungs?
How does positive pressure ventilation (PPV), especially with PEEP, affect low ventilation-perfusion ratios (shunt)?
How does positive pressure ventilation (PPV), especially with PEEP, affect low ventilation-perfusion ratios (shunt)?
What is the primary determinant of pulmonary vascular resistance?
What is the primary determinant of pulmonary vascular resistance?
How does increased cardiac output affect pulmonary vessels?
How does increased cardiac output affect pulmonary vessels?
In which zone of the lung do the effects of gravity have the greatest impact on pulmonary blood flow?
In which zone of the lung do the effects of gravity have the greatest impact on pulmonary blood flow?
What is the major contributor to regional distribution of pulmonary blood flow in the lungs?
What is the major contributor to regional distribution of pulmonary blood flow in the lungs?
How does hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction impact pulmonary blood flow?
How does hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction impact pulmonary blood flow?
Which condition is most likely to cause an increase in total pulmonary blood flow?
Which condition is most likely to cause an increase in total pulmonary blood flow?
What is the main factor influencing distention and recruitment of vessels in pulmonary circulation?
What is the main factor influencing distention and recruitment of vessels in pulmonary circulation?
How does the location of vessels affect their resistance in the pulmonary circulation?
How does the location of vessels affect their resistance in the pulmonary circulation?
What effect does mechanical ventilation have on pulmonary blood flow?
What effect does mechanical ventilation have on pulmonary blood flow?
Which factor is NOT a determinant of pulmonary vascular resistance?
Which factor is NOT a determinant of pulmonary vascular resistance?
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