2.3 Quiz 2
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Questions and Answers

What percentage of the cardiac output does bronchial circulation account for?

  • 10%
  • 15%
  • 2% (correct)
  • 5%

    • Why might new vessels branch from the bronchial veins?

  • To improve drainage by the azygos system
  • To supply oxygen to the heart
  • To increase pulmonary capillary diameters
  • As a response to pulmonary circulation blockage (correct)

    • What is the average diameter of pulmonary capillaries?

  • ~10 um
  • ~6 um (correct)
  • ~8 um
  • ~4 um

    • How long does it take for a red blood cell to travel through the pulmonary capillaries at resting cardiac output?

    <p>4-5 seconds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the pulmonary circulation?

    <p>Gas exchange</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which zone of the lung does continuous blood flow normally occur?

    <p>Zone 3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which parameter is used to estimate left ventricular preload?

    <p>Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Zone 1 of the lung, what is the typical state regarding blood flow?

    <p>No blood flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which technique is used to measure total pulmonary blood flow (cardiac output)?

    <p>Thermal dilution technique with Swan-Ganz catheter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) typically measured to estimate left ventricular preload?

    <p>In Zone 3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major determinant of Pulmonary Vascular Resistance (PVR)?

    <p>Transmural pressure difference</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the thin walls of pulmonary vessels affect Pulmonary Vascular Resistance (PVR)?

    <p>Allows PVR to be influenced by varying pressures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the distribution of resistance in the pulmonary circulation compare to systemic circulation?

    <p>Pulmonary circulation has 1/3 resistance in each vessel type: distributing, exchange, and collecting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to Pulmonary Vascular Resistance (PVR) due to vasoconstriction in response to hypoxia?

    <p>PVR increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the pulmonary circulation, what is the typical drop in pressure from the Pulmonary Artery (PA) to the left atrium?

    <p>~10 mmHg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the extra-alveolar vessel resistance to blood flow at high lung volumes?

    <p>Decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) change as cardiac output increases?

    <p>Decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does distention have on the diameter of blood vessels?

    <p>Increases the diameter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are alveolar and extraalveolar vessels related in terms of resistance?

    <p>They are in series and their resistances are additive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the resistance to pulmonary blood flow with an increase in mean pulmonary artery pressure?

    <p>Decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the hilar region located in relation to the apex and base of the lungs?

    <p>15cm below apex/15cm above base</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the pulmonary arterial blood pressure at the apex of the lung if the pulmonary arterial pressure is 25/8 and a 15cm column of blood exerts a pressure of 11mmHg at its base?

    <p>14 mmHg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Starling’s forces, where is the first place pulmonary edema occurs based on the interaction of pressures in the lung?

    <p>Base of the lung</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does more blood flow occur in the lower regions of the lung compared to the upper regions?

    <p>Higher extravascular pressure in lower regions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the total pulmonary blood flow conceptually influenced by in terms of pulmonary artery pressure, pulmonary vein pressure, and alveolar pressure?

    <p>Interaction of all three pressures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does negative-pressure (eupnea) breathing affect LV filling and stroke volume?

    <p>Decreases LV filling and stroke volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to pulmonary blood flow during positive pressure ventilation (PPV)?

    <p>Pulmonary blood flow decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does positive pressure ventilation affect the afterload of the right ventricle (RV)?

    <p>Increases the afterload of RV by increasing PVR</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do positive alveolar pressures and decreased venous return affect Zone 1 in the lungs?

    <p>Increase Zone 1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does positive pressure ventilation (PPV), especially with PEEP, affect low ventilation-perfusion ratios (shunt)?

    <p>May decrease or prevent low ventilation-perfusion ratios (shunt)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary determinant of pulmonary vascular resistance?

    <p>Pulmonary artery pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does increased cardiac output affect pulmonary vessels?

    <p>Decreases pulmonary vascular resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which zone of the lung do the effects of gravity have the greatest impact on pulmonary blood flow?

    <p>Zone 3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major contributor to regional distribution of pulmonary blood flow in the lungs?

    <p>Gravity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction impact pulmonary blood flow?

    <p>Decreases pulmonary blood flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is most likely to cause an increase in total pulmonary blood flow?

    <p>Positive pressure breathing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main factor influencing distention and recruitment of vessels in pulmonary circulation?

    <p>Gravity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the location of vessels affect their resistance in the pulmonary circulation?

    <p>Vessels near the apex have higher resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does mechanical ventilation have on pulmonary blood flow?

    <p>Decreases total pulmonary blood flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is NOT a determinant of pulmonary vascular resistance?

    <p>Bronchial circulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

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