Effects of Growth Hormone on Body Composition
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Questions and Answers

Which receptor family do growth hormone cell surface receptors belong to?

  • Receptor tyrosine kinases
  • Ligand-gated ion channels
  • G protein-coupled receptors
  • JAK/STAT cytokine receptor superfamily (correct)
  • What is the primary mediator of the growth-promoting effects of growth hormone?

  • Receptor-associated JAK tyrosine kinases
  • STATs
  • Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) (correct)
  • Insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF-2)
  • Where is much of the circulating IGF-1 produced?

  • Kidney
  • Muscle
  • Liver (correct)
  • Bone
  • What role does growth hormone play in longitudinal bone growth?

    <p>Stimulates longitudinal bone growth until epiphyses close</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which tissues does growth hormone stimulate the production of IGF-1?

    <p>Cartilage and bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does growth hormone have on insulin sensitivity?

    <p>Reduces insulin sensitivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In patients unable to respond to endogenous GH due to mutated GH receptors, how does IGF-1 affect serum glucose and insulin?

    <p>Lowers serum glucose and reduces circulating insulin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common presentation of GH deficiency in childhood?

    <p>Short stature and adiposity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the effects of GH on lipid and carbohydrate metabolism throughout postnatal life?

    <p>Affects both lipid and carbohydrate metabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are neonates with isolated GH deficiency of normal size at birth?

    <p>Because fetal GH is not required for prenatal growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mediator of the growth-promoting effects of growth hormone?

    <p>IGF-1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does growth hormone affect body composition?

    <p>Promotes an increase in muscle mass</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which receptor-associated proteins are involved in the signaling cascades of growth hormone?

    <p>JAK tyrosine kinases and STATs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When does longitudinal bone growth stop under the influence of growth hormone?

    <p>Near the end of puberty</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is much of the circulating IGF-1 produced?

    <p>Bone, cartilage, muscle, and kidney</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does growth hormone have on insulin sensitivity?

    <p>Reduces insulin sensitivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In patients who are unable to respond to endogenous GH due to mutated GH receptors, how does IGF-1 affect serum glucose and insulin?

    <p>Lowers serum glucose and increases circulating insulin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can cause growth hormone deficiency in individuals?

    <p>Hypothalamus damage by a tumor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of GH deficiency in childhood?

    <p>Short stature and adiposity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does IGF-1 primarily act in patients with mutated GH receptors?

    <p>Both through its IGF-1 receptors and through insulin receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

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