Effects of Ethanol and Caffeine on Alertness and Physiology

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Questions and Answers

What is the purpose of contrast media in radiographic imaging?

  • To alter the subject contrast
  • To enhance the absorption characteristic of the anatomic region
  • To improve visualization of anatomic details (correct)
  • To decrease radiographic density differences

What is a common adverse reaction associated with air used as a negative contrast medium?

  • Inflammation
  • Temporary lymphedema
  • Embolism (correct)
  • Anaphylactoid reaction

Which type of contrast media attenuates X-rays less than the body soft tissues?

  • Iodine-based contrast agents
  • Positive contrast media
  • Nonionic contrast media
  • Negative contrast media (correct)

What physical property makes oil-based iodine-based contrast agents relatively viscous?

<p>Insolubility in water (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes water-soluble iodine-based contrast agents with a negative charge (anion)?

<p>Three iodine atoms and an acid group (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of iodine-based contrast agents contains one tri-iodinated benzene ring?

<p>Water-soluble nonionic contrast agents (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which specific procedure is air primarily used to provide negative contrast for radiographic imaging?

<p>Laryngopharyngography (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of positive contrast media attenuates X-rays more than the body soft tissues?

<p>Iodine Barium MR contrast agents (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of negative contrast media in radiographic imaging?

<p>To provide visual contrast by appearing dark on radiographs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What tends to alter the absorption characteristic of the anatomic region when using contrast media?

<p>The presence of barium or iodine in the body (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a rare adverse reaction associated with water-soluble iodine-based contrast agents?

<p>Temporary lymphedema (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which category of contrast media provides negative contrast for laryngopharyngography?

<p>Negative contrast media (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which adverse reaction is associated with water-soluble iodine-based contrast agents?

<p>Provoking anaphylactoid reaction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What physical property makes oil-based iodine-based contrast agents insoluble in water?

<p>Insoluble in water relatively (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which specific procedure would barium be used as a positive contrast agent?

<p>Myelography (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of contrast media attenuates X-rays more than the body soft tissues?

<p>Positive contrast media (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes water-soluble iodine-based contrast agents with a negative charge (anion)?

<p>Contain two tri-iodinated benzene rings (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of iodine-based contrast agents are relatively viscous and do not flow easily?

<p>Oil-based iodine-based contrast agents (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does positive contrast media provide for radiographic imaging?

<p>Enhancing the density differences within the area of interest. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of iodine-based contrast agents contains one tri-iodinated benzene ring?

<p>Water-soluble iodine-based contrast agents (nonionic). (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factor tends to alter the absorption characteristic of the anatomic region when using contrast media?

<p>Cells absorbing oxygen quickly. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of contrast media attenuates X-rays less than the body soft tissues?

<p>Negative contrast media (Radiolucent) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes water-soluble iodine-based contrast agents with a negative charge (anion)?

<p>The anion portion begins with a carbon bonded hexagon – benzene (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential adverse reaction associated with air used as a negative contrast medium?

<p>Embolism (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which specific procedure would barium be used as a positive contrast agent?

<p>Myelography (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factor tends to alter the absorption characteristic of the anatomic region when using contrast media?

<p>Instilling contrast media (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What physical property makes oil-based iodine-based contrast agents relatively viscous?

<p>Insoluble in water (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of negative contrast media in radiographic imaging?

<p>To visualize anatomic details (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which specific procedure primarily uses air to provide negative contrast for radiographic imaging?

<p>Laryngopharyngography (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of iodine-based contrast agents are relatively viscous and do not flow easily?

<p>Oil-based iodine-based contrast agents (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does positive contrast media provide for radiographic imaging?

<p>Outlines lumen or spaces within body structures (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of contrast media in radiographic imaging?

<p>To affect the structure or function of the body (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What tends to alter the absorption characteristic of the anatomic region when using contrast media?

<p>Circadian rhythm (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which category of contrast media provides negative contrast for laryngopharyngography?

<p>Air-based contrast media (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes water-soluble iodine-based contrast agents with a negative charge (anion)?

<p>They are insoluble in water (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential adverse reaction associated with air used as a negative contrast medium?

<p>Allergic reaction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of iodine-based contrast agents contains one tri-iodinated benzene ring?

<p>Oil-based iodine-based agents (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term refers to the strength or power of a drug required to achieve the desired effect?

<p>Potency (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the amount of a drug that becomes available for activity in the targeted tissue?

<p>Bioavailability (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which drug property is determined by the number and severity of adverse effects reported after use of the drug?

<p>Safety and toxicity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does hormesis refer to in relation to drugs?

<p>Benefit at one dose and harm at another (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which classification of drugs is specific to a company brand?

<p>Brand names (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In drug nomenclature, what does the chemical name identify with?

<p>The chemical structure of the drug (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What physical property makes oil-based iodine-based contrast agents insoluble in water?

<p>Viscosity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential adverse reaction associated with air used as a negative contrast medium?

<p>Allergic reaction and anaphylaxis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which category of drugs is legally authorized by a health practitioner?

<p>Prescription drugs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term refers to the type of preparation or how a drug is transported into the human body?

<p>Dosage forms (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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