Effects of Beta-Blockers on Cardiac Work and Blood Pressure

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What is the main pharmacological action of ARBs in the context of blocking angiotensin receptors?

Block AT1 receptors ( VC)

How do ARBs affect the release of Aldosterone and blood volume?

Decrease release of Aldosterone, decreasing salt and water retention and blood volume.

What is the therapeutic indication of ARBs in treating hypertension with heart failure?

 LVH & Remodeling

What adverse drug reaction can be seen in patients taking ACEIs that can be managed by replacing them with ARBs?

Dry cough or Angioedema Signup and view all the answers

How do ARBs contribute to the progression of Chronic Kidney Disease?

 progression of Chronic Kidney Disease Signup and view all the answers

What is the main pharmacological action of B-Blockers in lowering blood pressure?

Blocking the beta receptors Signup and view all the answers

What are three ways in which Beta-blockers lower blood pressure?

Decreasing cardiac work, contractility, and conduction Signup and view all the answers

What is the pharmacological action of Propranolol in controlling anxiety and stress?

Controls anxiety & stress (crosses BBB) Signup and view all the answers

How does Nebivolol increase Nitric Oxide synthesis?

By stimulating NOS enzyme Signup and view all the answers

What additional action does Carvedilol have in lowering blood pressure?

Alpha-1 blocking action to decrease peripheral resistance Signup and view all the answers

What is the indication for using Beta-blockers in hypertension?

Only if hypertension is associated with other CV diseases Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of non-selective Beta-blockers on B2 receptors?

Block the B2 effect, causing intermittent claudication and bronchoconstriction Signup and view all the answers

What are some adverse reactions associated with beta-blockers?

1- Masking hypoglycemic manifestations in Diabetic patients 2- Claudication and cold extremities. 3- Nightmares with lipid soluble B-Blockers Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of Calcium Channel Blockers like Nifedipine and Amlodipine?

Blocking of Voltage gated Ca++ channels (L-Type) in Vascular smooth muscles leading to Vascular dilatation and decrease in mean BP Signup and view all the answers

What are the main pharmacological effects of Dihydropyridines like Nifedipine and Amlodipine?

Vascular dilatation effect leading to decreased Peripheral Vascular Resistance (PVR) and mean BP Signup and view all the answers

What are the contraindications for Calcium Channel Blockers in patients with hypertension?

Contraindicated in patients with heart block, bradycardia, bronchial asthma, or diabetes Signup and view all the answers

What is the main pharmacological effect of Non-Dihydropyridines like Verapamil and Diltiazem?

Suppression of all cardiac properties, including cardiac work, contractility, heart rate, and mean BP Signup and view all the answers

What is the main side effect associated with Thiazide diuretics?

Hypokalemia Signup and view all the answers