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Questions and Answers
Which of the following opioids is NOT licensed in veterinary species?
Which of the following opioids is NOT licensed in veterinary species?
- Morphine (correct)
- Methadone
- Pethidine
- Fentanyl
Which opioids are considered full Mu agonists?
Which opioids are considered full Mu agonists?
- Buprenorphine, Butorphanol
- Methadone, Fentanyl, Pethidine
- Methadone, Fentanyl, Pethidine, Morphine (correct)
- Morphine, Buprenorphine, Butorphanol
Which opioid is a Mu antagonist and Kappa agonist?
Which opioid is a Mu antagonist and Kappa agonist?
- Methadone
- Butorphanol (correct)
- Pethidine
- Fentanyl
Which patients might benefit from using Butorphanol as an analgesic?
Which patients might benefit from using Butorphanol as an analgesic?
What is a potential side effect of high doses of opioids?
What is a potential side effect of high doses of opioids?
Which drug can be used to antagonize opioids?
Which drug can be used to antagonize opioids?
Which of the following is NOT a potential side effect of acepromazine in dogs?
Which of the following is NOT a potential side effect of acepromazine in dogs?
Which benzodiazepine is commonly used in small animal practice and can be administered via the IM and IV route?
Which benzodiazepine is commonly used in small animal practice and can be administered via the IM and IV route?
What is the mechanism of action of benzodiazepines?
What is the mechanism of action of benzodiazepines?
Which of the following is NOT a potential use of midazolam in veterinary patients?
Which of the following is NOT a potential use of midazolam in veterinary patients?
Which receptor does ketamine primarily act on?
Which receptor does ketamine primarily act on?
What is the main effect of ketamine at higher doses?
What is the main effect of ketamine at higher doses?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of ketamine?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of ketamine?
What is the clinical significance of the racemic mixture of medetomidine?
What is the clinical significance of the racemic mixture of medetomidine?
What is the potential side effect of using alpha-2 agonists in brachycephalic breeds?
What is the potential side effect of using alpha-2 agonists in brachycephalic breeds?
What is the effect of alpha-2 agonists on blood pressure and heart rate?
What is the effect of alpha-2 agonists on blood pressure and heart rate?
Which of the following is a potential effect of alpha-2 agonists on insulin production?
Which of the following is a potential effect of alpha-2 agonists on insulin production?
What is the main effect of alpha-2 agonists on urine production?
What is the main effect of alpha-2 agonists on urine production?
Which of the following is a common component of premedication that provides sedation but not analgesia?
Which of the following is a common component of premedication that provides sedation but not analgesia?
Which drugs are anti-cholinergic or para-sympatho-lytic/vagolytic?
Which drugs are anti-cholinergic or para-sympatho-lytic/vagolytic?
What are the potential unwanted effects of anticholinergics?
What are the potential unwanted effects of anticholinergics?
What is alfaxalone commonly used for?
What is alfaxalone commonly used for?
Which species is alfaxalone more commonly used in?
Which species is alfaxalone more commonly used in?
What are the adverse effects of alfaxalone on the cardiovascular system?
What are the adverse effects of alfaxalone on the cardiovascular system?
When is apnoea reported with alfaxalone administration?
When is apnoea reported with alfaxalone administration?
In what circumstances is the combination of alfaxalone and an opioid a good alternative?
In what circumstances is the combination of alfaxalone and an opioid a good alternative?
Which patients may require additional sedation with a sedative?
Which patients may require additional sedation with a sedative?
What is the role of atropine and glycopyrrolate in reducing bradycardia?
What is the role of atropine and glycopyrrolate in reducing bradycardia?
Which of the following opioids is NOT licensed in veterinary species?
Which of the following opioids is NOT licensed in veterinary species?
What is the main effect of ketamine at higher doses?
What is the main effect of ketamine at higher doses?
What are the potential unwanted effects of anticholinergics?
What are the potential unwanted effects of anticholinergics?
In what circumstances is the combination of alfaxalone and an opioid a good alternative?
In what circumstances is the combination of alfaxalone and an opioid a good alternative?
Which patients may require additional sedation with a sedative?
Which patients may require additional sedation with a sedative?
When is apnoea reported with alfaxalone administration?
When is apnoea reported with alfaxalone administration?
Which of the following drugs is considered antiarrhythmic due to the effects of alpha-1 receptor antagonism in the heart, cell membrane stabilization, and sympathetic reduction?
Which of the following drugs is considered antiarrhythmic due to the effects of alpha-1 receptor antagonism in the heart, cell membrane stabilization, and sympathetic reduction?
Which of the following drugs is commonly used in veterinary patients as an NMDA receptor antagonist?
Which of the following drugs is commonly used in veterinary patients as an NMDA receptor antagonist?
Which of the following drugs can be used as a co-induction agent in sick patients, rather than as part of a premed?
Which of the following drugs can be used as a co-induction agent in sick patients, rather than as part of a premed?
Which of the following drugs reduces the amount of induction and inhalation agent needed during anesthesia?
Which of the following drugs reduces the amount of induction and inhalation agent needed during anesthesia?
Which of the following drugs is a poor muscle relaxant when used alone?
Which of the following drugs is a poor muscle relaxant when used alone?
Which of the following drugs is commonly used in small animal practice and can be administered via the IM and IV route?
Which of the following drugs is commonly used in small animal practice and can be administered via the IM and IV route?
Which of the following drugs is known for its good cardiovascular stability and stimulatory effects?
Which of the following drugs is known for its good cardiovascular stability and stimulatory effects?
Which of the following is NOT a potential side effect of alpha-2 agonists?
Which of the following is NOT a potential side effect of alpha-2 agonists?
Which of the following is a potential effect of alpha-2 agonists on blood pressure and heart rate?
Which of the following is a potential effect of alpha-2 agonists on blood pressure and heart rate?
Which of the following drugs is an alpha-2 agonist commonly used in small animal practice?
Which of the following drugs is an alpha-2 agonist commonly used in small animal practice?
What is the main effect of alpha-2 agonists on urine production?
What is the main effect of alpha-2 agonists on urine production?
What is the main effect of ketamine at higher doses?
What is the main effect of ketamine at higher doses?
Which of the following is NOT a potential use of midazolam in veterinary patients?
Which of the following is NOT a potential use of midazolam in veterinary patients?
What is the clinical significance of the racemic mixture of medetomidine?
What is the clinical significance of the racemic mixture of medetomidine?
Which of the following drugs is commonly used to reduce bradycardia and respiratory tract secretions in veterinary patients?
Which of the following drugs is commonly used to reduce bradycardia and respiratory tract secretions in veterinary patients?
Which drug is a neuroactive steroid and is commonly used as an induction agent in veterinary patients?
Which drug is a neuroactive steroid and is commonly used as an induction agent in veterinary patients?
Which route of administration is commonly used for alfaxalone in cats, but not in dogs?
Which route of administration is commonly used for alfaxalone in cats, but not in dogs?
What is the main effect of alpha-2 agonists on the cardiovascular system?
What is the main effect of alpha-2 agonists on the cardiovascular system?
Which combination of drugs might be a good alternative in sicker patients where ketamine is not considered appropriate?
Which combination of drugs might be a good alternative in sicker patients where ketamine is not considered appropriate?
What is a potential side effect of using alpha-2 agonists in brachycephalic breeds?
What is a potential side effect of using alpha-2 agonists in brachycephalic breeds?
Which opioid is a Mu agonist and Kappa antagonist?
Which opioid is a Mu agonist and Kappa antagonist?
What is the potential effect of alpha-2 agonists on insulin production?
What is the potential effect of alpha-2 agonists on insulin production?
When is apnoea reported with alfaxalone administration?
When is apnoea reported with alfaxalone administration?
Which of the following opioids is NOT licensed in veterinary species?
Which of the following opioids is NOT licensed in veterinary species?
Which of the following drugs is commonly used in veterinary patients as a co-induction agent rather than as part of a premed?
Which of the following drugs is commonly used in veterinary patients as a co-induction agent rather than as part of a premed?
Which opioids are considered full Mu agonists?
Which opioids are considered full Mu agonists?
What is the main effect of alpha-2 agonists on the cardiovascular system?
What is the main effect of alpha-2 agonists on the cardiovascular system?
Which patients might benefit from using Butorphanol as an analgesic?
Which patients might benefit from using Butorphanol as an analgesic?
Which receptor does ketamine primarily act on?
Which receptor does ketamine primarily act on?
What is the potential effect of alpha-2 agonists on insulin production?
What is the potential effect of alpha-2 agonists on insulin production?
What is alfaxalone commonly used for?
What is alfaxalone commonly used for?
What is a potential side effect of high doses of opioids?
What is a potential side effect of high doses of opioids?
Which opioid is a Mu antagonist and Kappa agonist?
Which opioid is a Mu antagonist and Kappa agonist?
Which of the following is NOT a potential side effect of alpha-2 agonists?
Which of the following is NOT a potential side effect of alpha-2 agonists?
Which patients may require additional sedation with a sedative?
Which patients may require additional sedation with a sedative?
What is the main effect of alpha-2 agonists on urine production?
What is the main effect of alpha-2 agonists on urine production?
Which of the following drugs is considered antiarrhythmic due to the effects of alpha-1 receptor antagonism in the heart, cell membrane stabilization, and sympathetic reduction?
Which of the following drugs is considered antiarrhythmic due to the effects of alpha-1 receptor antagonism in the heart, cell membrane stabilization, and sympathetic reduction?
Which of the following drugs is an alpha-2 agonist commonly used in small animal practice?
Which of the following drugs is an alpha-2 agonist commonly used in small animal practice?
What is the main effect of alpha-2 agonists on blood pressure and heart rate?
What is the main effect of alpha-2 agonists on blood pressure and heart rate?
Which of the following drugs is a phenothiazine commonly used in veterinary premedication?
Which of the following drugs is a phenothiazine commonly used in veterinary premedication?
What is the main effect of phenothiazines on blood pressure?
What is the main effect of phenothiazines on blood pressure?
What is the main effect of alpha-2 agonists on insulin production?
What is the main effect of alpha-2 agonists on insulin production?
What is the main effect of alpha-2 agonists on urine production?
What is the main effect of alpha-2 agonists on urine production?
What is the main effect of phenothiazines on sedation and analgesia?
What is the main effect of phenothiazines on sedation and analgesia?
Which of the following drugs is commonly used as an induction agent and can also be used to sedate sick patients?
Which of the following drugs is commonly used as an induction agent and can also be used to sedate sick patients?
Which of the following drugs is an anti-cholinergic or para-sympatho-lytic/vagolytic drug?
Which of the following drugs is an anti-cholinergic or para-sympatho-lytic/vagolytic drug?
Which of the following drugs is NOT routinely used in premedication?
Which of the following drugs is NOT routinely used in premedication?
Which of the following drugs can reduce the amount of respiratory tract secretions?
Which of the following drugs can reduce the amount of respiratory tract secretions?
Which of the following drugs has few adverse effects on the cardiovascular system?
Which of the following drugs has few adverse effects on the cardiovascular system?
Which of the following drugs is commonly used in small animal practice and can be administered via the IM and IV route?
Which of the following drugs is commonly used in small animal practice and can be administered via the IM and IV route?
Which of the following drugs might be a good alternative in sicker patients where ketamine is not considered an appropriate choice?
Which of the following drugs might be a good alternative in sicker patients where ketamine is not considered an appropriate choice?
Which of the following drugs is NOT an appropriate choice for sedation in patients in which a robust premed has not provided sufficient sedation to place an IV cannula?
Which of the following drugs is NOT an appropriate choice for sedation in patients in which a robust premed has not provided sufficient sedation to place an IV cannula?
Which of the following drugs is a more common approach for sedation in cats compared to dogs?
Which of the following drugs is a more common approach for sedation in cats compared to dogs?
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