Effects of Acetylcholine on Ciliary Muscle and Intraocular Pressure
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Questions and Answers

What is the most important monitoring parameter for a patient receiving intravenous dopamine therapy?

  • Serum glucose
  • Continuous ECG monitoring (correct)
  • Renal function tests
  • Arterial or capillary blood gases

Which of the following is the recommended antidote for extravasation of dopamine during intravenous administration?

  • Sodium bicarbonate
  • Phentolamine (correct)
  • Calcium gluconate
  • Naloxone

What is the most important monitoring parameter for a patient receiving intravenous albuterol therapy?

  • Respiratory rate
  • Heart rate (correct)
  • Serum potassium
  • Serum creatinine

What is the most important adverse effect to monitor for in a patient receiving prazosin therapy?

<p>Orthostatic hypotension (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most important monitoring parameter for a patient receiving intravenous labetalol therapy?

<p>Cardiac status and blood pressure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most important adverse effect to monitor for in a patient receiving albuterol therapy?

<p>Tachycardia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the antidote for anticholinesterase poisoning?

<p>Neostigmine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which adverse effect requires immediate reporting while on anticholinergics therapy?

<p>Vision changes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organ system should be monitored during anticholinergic therapy?

<p>Renal system (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

For which condition is trospium used as a treatment?

<p>Overactive bladder (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of administering anticholinergics to breastfeeding women?

<p>Urinary retention (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom would indicate a significant reaction to cholinergic poisoning?

<p>Fever (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medication(s) are associated with an increased risk of cleft palate formation in the developing fetus?

<p>Lamotrigine and Topiramate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following medications has a black box warning regarding its use during pregnancy?

<p>Losartan (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is known to cause hepatotoxicity and congenital malformations, necessitating close monitoring during pregnancy?

<p>Valproic Acid (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medication requires electrolyte monitoring due to its potential effects on fluid and electrolyte balance?

<p>Desmopressin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medication class is known to stabilize neuronal membranes and increase GABA availability, potentially requiring monitoring for adverse effects related to these mechanisms?

<p>Anticonvulsants (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medication class inhibits the vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT-2) and is used in the treatment of movement disorders, potentially requiring monitoring for related adverse effects?

<p>Vesicular monoamine transporter 2 inhibitors (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following adverse effects requires close monitoring when administering neostigmine?

<p>Cholinergic crisis symptoms like wheezing, chest tightness, fever, itching, and swelling (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When reversing nondepolarizing neuromuscular blockade with physostigmine, which patient safety measure is essential?

<p>Monitoring for full return of neuromuscular function before allowing ambulation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which monitoring parameter is essential when administering disulfiram for alcohol use disorder?

<p>Monitoring liver function tests at baseline and after 14 days (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When administering zolpidem for insomnia, which adverse effect requires close monitoring, especially in the elderly?

<p>Complex sleep behaviors like sleepwalking and sleep-related eating disorders (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which monitoring parameter is crucial when administering naltrexone for alcohol use disorder?

<p>Monitoring for symptoms of depression and suicidality (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When administering buspirone for generalized anxiety disorder, which adverse effect requires close monitoring?

<p>Extrapyramidal symptoms like akathisia and dystonia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which patient population requires extra caution and monitoring when administering eszopiclone for insomnia?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medication acts by inhibiting the peripheral decarboxylation of levodopa to dopamine?

<p>Carbidopa (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which anticonvulsant works by binding to voltage-gated Ca channels and is indicated for seizures and neuralgia?

<p>Gabapentin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is a selective leukotriene receptor antagonist with various indications?

<p>Montelukast (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which drug, when co-administered with levodopa, can lead to stabilization of neuronal membranes and increased GABA availability?

<p>Valproic Acid (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is used for diabetes insipidus and requires monitoring of electrolytes?

<p>Desmopressin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which drug inhibits VMAT-2 and is employed in the treatment of movement disorders?

<p>Valbenazine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is indicated for the treatment of accommodative esotropia?

<p>Echothiopate (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary adverse effect associated with Echothiopate use?

<p>Cholinergic crisis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medication has long-acting inhibition of cholinesterase activity?

<p>Echothiopate (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of utilizing Echothiopate in the management of accommodative esotropia?

<p>To inhibit cholinesterase activity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following symptoms is indicative of a cholinergic crisis that may occur with Echothiopate use?

<p>Wheezing and chest tightness (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of Echothiopate therapy, which parameter should be monitored to assess the risk of cholinergic crisis?

<p>Blood pressure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential adverse effect of echothiophate, an irreversible cholinesterase inhibitor?

<p>Excessive bronchial secretions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of echothiophate in the treatment of glaucoma?

<p>It inhibits cholinesterase, increasing parasympathetic activity and outflow of aqueous humor (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which patient population should be closely monitored when administering echothiophate?

<p>Patients with respiratory disorders like asthma or COPD (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended course of action if a patient experiences significant cholinergic toxicity while taking echothiophate?

<p>Administer atropine as an antidote (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a contraindication for the use of echothiophate?

<p>Parkinson's disease (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended monitoring parameter for patients receiving echothiophate therapy?

<p>Intraocular pressure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following adverse effects is least likely to occur with echothiophate therapy?

<p>Tachycardia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of Echothiopate in the management of accommodative esotropia?

<p>Inhibits the action of acetylcholine at muscarinic receptors in the ciliary muscle (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following symptoms would be indicative of a cholinergic crisis that may occur with Echothiopate use?

<p>Wheezing, chest tightness, and difficulty breathing (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which parameter should be closely monitored in a patient receiving Echothiopate therapy to assess the risk of a cholinergic crisis?

<p>Intraocular pressure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary adverse effect associated with the use of Echothiopate?

<p>Miosis and reduced intraocular pressure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which patient population requires extra caution and monitoring when administering Echothiopate for the treatment of accommodative esotropia?

<p>Patients with a history of angle-closure glaucoma (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the antidote for anticholinesterase poisoning, which can occur with the use of Echothiopate?

<p>Atropine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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