Effects of Acetylcholine on Ciliary Muscle and Intraocular Pressure
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Questions and Answers

What is the most important monitoring parameter for a patient receiving intravenous dopamine therapy?

  • Serum glucose
  • Continuous ECG monitoring (correct)
  • Renal function tests
  • Arterial or capillary blood gases
  • Which of the following is the recommended antidote for extravasation of dopamine during intravenous administration?

  • Sodium bicarbonate
  • Phentolamine (correct)
  • Calcium gluconate
  • Naloxone
  • What is the most important monitoring parameter for a patient receiving intravenous albuterol therapy?

  • Respiratory rate
  • Heart rate (correct)
  • Serum potassium
  • Serum creatinine
  • What is the most important adverse effect to monitor for in a patient receiving prazosin therapy?

    <p>Orthostatic hypotension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most important monitoring parameter for a patient receiving intravenous labetalol therapy?

    <p>Cardiac status and blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most important adverse effect to monitor for in a patient receiving albuterol therapy?

    <p>Tachycardia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the antidote for anticholinesterase poisoning?

    <p>Neostigmine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which adverse effect requires immediate reporting while on anticholinergics therapy?

    <p>Vision changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organ system should be monitored during anticholinergic therapy?

    <p>Renal system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For which condition is trospium used as a treatment?

    <p>Overactive bladder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential consequence of administering anticholinergics to breastfeeding women?

    <p>Urinary retention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom would indicate a significant reaction to cholinergic poisoning?

    <p>Fever</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication(s) are associated with an increased risk of cleft palate formation in the developing fetus?

    <p>Lamotrigine and Topiramate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following medications has a black box warning regarding its use during pregnancy?

    <p>Losartan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is known to cause hepatotoxicity and congenital malformations, necessitating close monitoring during pregnancy?

    <p>Valproic Acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication requires electrolyte monitoring due to its potential effects on fluid and electrolyte balance?

    <p>Desmopressin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication class is known to stabilize neuronal membranes and increase GABA availability, potentially requiring monitoring for adverse effects related to these mechanisms?

    <p>Anticonvulsants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication class inhibits the vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT-2) and is used in the treatment of movement disorders, potentially requiring monitoring for related adverse effects?

    <p>Vesicular monoamine transporter 2 inhibitors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following adverse effects requires close monitoring when administering neostigmine?

    <p>Cholinergic crisis symptoms like wheezing, chest tightness, fever, itching, and swelling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When reversing nondepolarizing neuromuscular blockade with physostigmine, which patient safety measure is essential?

    <p>Monitoring for full return of neuromuscular function before allowing ambulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which monitoring parameter is essential when administering disulfiram for alcohol use disorder?

    <p>Monitoring liver function tests at baseline and after 14 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When administering zolpidem for insomnia, which adverse effect requires close monitoring, especially in the elderly?

    <p>Complex sleep behaviors like sleepwalking and sleep-related eating disorders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which monitoring parameter is crucial when administering naltrexone for alcohol use disorder?

    <p>Monitoring for symptoms of depression and suicidality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When administering buspirone for generalized anxiety disorder, which adverse effect requires close monitoring?

    <p>Extrapyramidal symptoms like akathisia and dystonia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which patient population requires extra caution and monitoring when administering eszopiclone for insomnia?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication acts by inhibiting the peripheral decarboxylation of levodopa to dopamine?

    <p>Carbidopa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which anticonvulsant works by binding to voltage-gated Ca channels and is indicated for seizures and neuralgia?

    <p>Gabapentin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is a selective leukotriene receptor antagonist with various indications?

    <p>Montelukast</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug, when co-administered with levodopa, can lead to stabilization of neuronal membranes and increased GABA availability?

    <p>Valproic Acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is used for diabetes insipidus and requires monitoring of electrolytes?

    <p>Desmopressin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug inhibits VMAT-2 and is employed in the treatment of movement disorders?

    <p>Valbenazine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is indicated for the treatment of accommodative esotropia?

    <p>Echothiopate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary adverse effect associated with Echothiopate use?

    <p>Cholinergic crisis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication has long-acting inhibition of cholinesterase activity?

    <p>Echothiopate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of utilizing Echothiopate in the management of accommodative esotropia?

    <p>To inhibit cholinesterase activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following symptoms is indicative of a cholinergic crisis that may occur with Echothiopate use?

    <p>Wheezing and chest tightness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of Echothiopate therapy, which parameter should be monitored to assess the risk of cholinergic crisis?

    <p>Blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential adverse effect of echothiophate, an irreversible cholinesterase inhibitor?

    <p>Excessive bronchial secretions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of echothiophate in the treatment of glaucoma?

    <p>It inhibits cholinesterase, increasing parasympathetic activity and outflow of aqueous humor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which patient population should be closely monitored when administering echothiophate?

    <p>Patients with respiratory disorders like asthma or COPD</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended course of action if a patient experiences significant cholinergic toxicity while taking echothiophate?

    <p>Administer atropine as an antidote</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a contraindication for the use of echothiophate?

    <p>Parkinson's disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended monitoring parameter for patients receiving echothiophate therapy?

    <p>Intraocular pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following adverse effects is least likely to occur with echothiophate therapy?

    <p>Tachycardia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of Echothiopate in the management of accommodative esotropia?

    <p>Inhibits the action of acetylcholine at muscarinic receptors in the ciliary muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following symptoms would be indicative of a cholinergic crisis that may occur with Echothiopate use?

    <p>Wheezing, chest tightness, and difficulty breathing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which parameter should be closely monitored in a patient receiving Echothiopate therapy to assess the risk of a cholinergic crisis?

    <p>Intraocular pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary adverse effect associated with the use of Echothiopate?

    <p>Miosis and reduced intraocular pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which patient population requires extra caution and monitoring when administering Echothiopate for the treatment of accommodative esotropia?

    <p>Patients with a history of angle-closure glaucoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the antidote for anticholinesterase poisoning, which can occur with the use of Echothiopate?

    <p>Atropine</p> Signup and view all the answers

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