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Questions and Answers
The primary purpose of oral presentations is to inform the audience.
The primary purpose of oral presentations is to inform the audience.
False
In the context of presentations, the genres of communication include reports, thesis, and journal articles.
In the context of presentations, the genres of communication include reports, thesis, and journal articles.
True
The purposes of presentations can include persuading, informing, inspiring, and entertaining.
The purposes of presentations can include persuading, informing, inspiring, and entertaining.
True
A literature review aims to communicate the results of research to the community.
A literature review aims to communicate the results of research to the community.
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All genres of communication share the same purpose.
All genres of communication share the same purpose.
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A poster summarizes research in three main parts: Introduction, Methodology, and Result.
A poster summarizes research in three main parts: Introduction, Methodology, and Result.
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The length of time information can be stored is not a concern in planning oral presentations.
The length of time information can be stored is not a concern in planning oral presentations.
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Thesis defenses are meant to entertain the audience primarily.
Thesis defenses are meant to entertain the audience primarily.
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All good presentations are also effective.
All good presentations are also effective.
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The purpose of a presentation does not need to be connected to the audience.
The purpose of a presentation does not need to be connected to the audience.
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Effective presentations must have a key message.
Effective presentations must have a key message.
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Reinforcement through repetition is important in effective presentations.
Reinforcement through repetition is important in effective presentations.
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Starting with your conclusion while planning helps in framing the presentation effectively.
Starting with your conclusion while planning helps in framing the presentation effectively.
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Audience analysis is unnecessary when planning a presentation.
Audience analysis is unnecessary when planning a presentation.
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Physicality and voice modulation play a key role in effective presentations.
Physicality and voice modulation play a key role in effective presentations.
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A standard presentation structure does not include a section on conclusions.
A standard presentation structure does not include a section on conclusions.
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Effective presentations should not have a clear aim or purpose.
Effective presentations should not have a clear aim or purpose.
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Rhetoric in presentations focuses solely on logical arguments.
Rhetoric in presentations focuses solely on logical arguments.
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Foreshadowing the ending of a presentation can help in developing a story.
Foreshadowing the ending of a presentation can help in developing a story.
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The conclusion of a presentation should introduce new topics rather than link back to the aims.
The conclusion of a presentation should introduce new topics rather than link back to the aims.
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Simplifying body content is important, even for audiences of experts.
Simplifying body content is important, even for audiences of experts.
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Persuasion in an academic presentation involves only the presentation style.
Persuasion in an academic presentation involves only the presentation style.
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A good final remark must be memorized and well-planned.
A good final remark must be memorized and well-planned.
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Narrative techniques in presentations can increase their persuasive power.
Narrative techniques in presentations can increase their persuasive power.
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Hooks should be long and complex to effectively engage the audience.
Hooks should be long and complex to effectively engage the audience.
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Eye contact is a critical skill for building rapport and trustworthiness with the audience.
Eye contact is a critical skill for building rapport and trustworthiness with the audience.
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Pacing refers to the speed at which a speaker delivers their content.
Pacing refers to the speed at which a speaker delivers their content.
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Vocal skills include voice projection and articulation.
Vocal skills include voice projection and articulation.
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Hands should be kept in a neutral position by the speaker's side during a presentation.
Hands should be kept in a neutral position by the speaker's side during a presentation.
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Pauses in public speaking serve no significant purpose and should be avoided.
Pauses in public speaking serve no significant purpose and should be avoided.
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Enunciation is about speaking in a fast and unarticulated manner.
Enunciation is about speaking in a fast and unarticulated manner.
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The ideal speech rate is around 120 words per minute.
The ideal speech rate is around 120 words per minute.
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Negative emotions are easier to transfer than positive emotions when presenting.
Negative emotions are easier to transfer than positive emotions when presenting.
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Filler words like 'um' and 'ah' are important for smooth transitions during presentations.
Filler words like 'um' and 'ah' are important for smooth transitions during presentations.
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Slides are the main focus of a presentation.
Slides are the main focus of a presentation.
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It's important to use weak language to appear more approachable.
It's important to use weak language to appear more approachable.
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Using a template can help simplify the process of designing effective slides.
Using a template can help simplify the process of designing effective slides.
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You should repeat everything that is on your slides during the presentation.
You should repeat everything that is on your slides during the presentation.
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The ideal aspect ratio for slides is irrelevant to the overall presentation quality.
The ideal aspect ratio for slides is irrelevant to the overall presentation quality.
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Engaging with the audience during a presentation involves explaining all key ideas on the slides.
Engaging with the audience during a presentation involves explaining all key ideas on the slides.
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A good rule is to limit each slide to three bullet points.
A good rule is to limit each slide to three bullet points.
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Using contrasting colors can help highlight important information on slides.
Using contrasting colors can help highlight important information on slides.
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Active reflection is fundamental to improving oral presentations.
Active reflection is fundamental to improving oral presentations.
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Only memorizing a complete script is sufficient for effective presentations.
Only memorizing a complete script is sufficient for effective presentations.
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Effective feedback should be vague to avoid defensiveness.
Effective feedback should be vague to avoid defensiveness.
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Planning a presentation starts from the conclusion and works backwards.
Planning a presentation starts from the conclusion and works backwards.
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Practicing presentations silently is equally effective as rehearsing out loud.
Practicing presentations silently is equally effective as rehearsing out loud.
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Feedback should always focus on improvement suggestions rather than praise.
Feedback should always focus on improvement suggestions rather than praise.
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Physicality and voice projection are two important skills in persuasive presentations.
Physicality and voice projection are two important skills in persuasive presentations.
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Rehearsing in front of an imaginary audience is not beneficial for practice.
Rehearsing in front of an imaginary audience is not beneficial for practice.
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Study Notes
Week 3: Presentation Skills (cont...)
- Introductory Academic English (210260)
- Lecturer: Nguyễn Mạnh Cường
- Email: [email protected]
Overview
- Planning: Nature, structure, and persuasion
- Presenting: Guiding, skills, medium and engaging
- Reflecting: Improving
Planning
- A sequential process: Planning -> Presenting -> Reflecting
Purpose of Oral Presentations
- Consider if the presentation can be communicated better in writing.
- Identify the core message or point of the presentation.
- Various genres of communication (reports, journal articles, books) have different purposes.
- Compare these purposes to the purpose of an oral communication.
- Presentations generally aim to persuade, inform, inspire, or entertain the audience.
- Understanding the purpose of a presentation is key to its planning.
Genres of Communication
- Report: Presents and discusses research/experiment findings (rationale, method, findings, discussion, and conclusion).
- Literature review: Aims to increase knowledge or understanding of an existing or new research field, requiring a synthesis of work in the field.
- Journal article: Communicates and provides valuable research results to the community; must be reliable.
- Thesis: Demonstrates achieved objectives through different methods, including advanced information; discussion and results are key aspects.
- Poster (academic): Summarises a research project with main sections like Introduction, Methodology, and Results; uses text, visuals, infographics, and graphs for communication.
- Thesis defense: Shares and discusses the results of a study or research.
- Preparation time: 10 minutes
- Presentation time: 5 minutes
Nature of Public Speaking
- Persuasion is the primary purpose, with information delivery secondary.
- The presented information needs to hold significance for persuasion
- Retention of information is limited. Presentations should be planned to optimise retention.
Effective Presentations
- Analyzing presentation nature is fundamental for building effective presentations.
- Effective planning: Include a narrative, and use persuasive tools.
- Effective presenting skills: Include physicality, voice projection and convincing body language.
- Presentations should have a clear purpose
- Everything in the presentation should contribute to the purpose.
Effective Presentation Model
- An effective presentation has a key message that is outlined for the audience.
- Context should be explained.
- Key information should be reinforced with repetition.
- Conclusion should link back to the context.
- A take-home message should be established.
Planning Presentations
- Start by analyzing purpose and audience.
- Create a narrative structure to map out your story, breaking the presentation into sections and connecting them logically.
Audience Analysis
- To understand purpose: Understand your audience
- Who are they? (Background, knowledge level)
- Why are they there? (Invitations vs. compulsory attendance)
- Knowledge base of the audience.
- What do they need to know? What do they want to know?
- Why should they care? Effective hook needed.
Standard Presentation Structure
- Introduction: Purpose, Aims, Objectives, Rationale/Hypothesis
- Body: Methods & Methodology, Results
- Ending: Discussion, Conclusions, Outcomes, Consequences
Hints ("Start from the end")
- Plan the conclusion first, working backward.
- Identify the key message (take-home message).
- Consider predicted outcomes.
- Plan, clarify, and articulate your presentation first.
- Foreshadow your closing
- Introduction: Background is not enough, focus on the hook/narrative, purpose, and aims
Introduction
- Not just background, but background as part of the narrative, demonstrating research understanding
- Identify research purpose in the literature context/problem
- Aims: Define what the audience will gain or learn from the presentation
- Objectives: How will aims be achieved?
- Rationale (for everything): "Why?" Justify choices and arguments, like academic arguments
Body Content
- Structure depends on purpose.
- Avoid esoteric/complex details.
- Simplify content as much as possible. Persuasion is more important than merely communicating information.
Conclusion
- Link back to aims and purpose.
- The introduction and conclusion should be linked effectively.
- Have a planned final remark, memorised if possible.
- Avoid weak closing statements, like "that's all".
- Your closing must focus the audience on the take-away message.
Incorporating Persuasion
- Academic persuasion uses rhetoric, argumentative tools, and devices and narratives
- Stories are inherently persuasive.
- Planned/intentional use of persuasion for academic arguments
Rhetoric
- The art/technique of effectively using language for persuasion.
- Not about tricking but effectively communicating the argument.
- Three modes of rhetoric: Logos (facts, logic), Pathos (emotion), and Ethos (credibility)
Hooks
- Essential for attracting and maintaining audience attention.
- Can be anything (argument, idea, evidence, fact, object) that immediately engages the audience.
- Focus on positive emotional connections
Effective Slides
- Slides are props to support, not duplicate content. Avoid reading directly from slides.
- Slides should be visually engaging: Use colours, bold, and clear fonts.
- Focus on simplicity and conveying key information quickly. Limit each slide to three bullet points of well linked information.
Presenting Skills
- Physical: Presence, hand movements, posture, eye contact.
- Vocal: Voice projection, articulation, pacing, modulation.
- Importance of physical and vocal presence for trust and engagement.
Body Language
- Keep hands in neutral, positioned at sides
- Plant both feet firmly in a structured manner
- Stand tall
- Don't hide
- Eyes should be on audience
Eye Contact
- Critical for building rapport.
- It builds audience trust and keeps the audience focused.
Vocal Skills
- Use your voice effectively to engage the audience.
- Emphasize key points.
- Pacing is essential: Allow for pauses. Fillers are distractions.
Enunciation
Be specific and deliberate in pronunciation.
Pacing
- Allow audience think & process information.
- Speed should be adjusted to the pace of the audience.
- Ideal speed: 120 words per minute; consider using pauses to regulate speed.
Pauses
- Essential for allowing audience to process information.
Language
- Avoid weak language, such as "I guess."
- Be forceful with arguments and avoid patronizing statements or language.
Using Slides
- Slides are an aid, not the focus.
- Make slides attractive and concise; visual processing is different from verbal processing
- Avoid overusing text; use visuals along with text.
- Slides should be short, focused and attractive.
Give Yourself Feedback
- A necessary component to improving.
- Reflect on what went well and what could be improved.
- Focus on specific skills. Action steps should be defined.
Conclusion 1: Planning, Conclusion 2: Presentation, Conclusion 3: Reflection
- Key takeaways are summarized
- Key skills and methods are reviewed.
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Description
This quiz tests your understanding of the key concepts related to effective oral presentations. You will explore the purposes, genres, and structural elements of presentations, as well as the importance of audience engagement and message clarity. Perfect for students and professionals looking to enhance their presentation skills.
