Effective Feedback for Language Learners
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Questions and Answers

What is one key role of effective feedback in education?

  • To increase teacher's authority in class
  • To nudge learners towards greater autonomy (correct)
  • To provide immediate grades
  • To establish a rigid learning structure

Which type of feedback is considered least effective in contributing to learning goals?

  • Feedback about general classroom behavior
  • Feedback about the learner's performance on a task
  • Feedback about the individual learner (correct)
  • Feedback about the approach to a task

What should effective feedback prompt the learner to do?

  • Avoid changing their initial thoughts
  • Modify their knowledge, language, or strategies (correct)
  • Memorize feedback comments
  • Depend solely on the teacher's instructions

Combining different types of feedback can run the risk of:

<p>Diluting the power of feedback on task approaches (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which approach is important for learner involvement in feedback?

<p>Active engagement with feedback (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What combination does effective feedback include?

<p>Positive and negative aspects (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How might a teacher's role change as feedback becomes more effective?

<p>Teachers may become less involved center-stage (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is crucial for effective feedback regarding future tasks?

<p>It should suggest improvements for similar tasks (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a recommended strategy for teachers regarding feedback delivery?

<p>Make feedback specific to different learning tasks. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of feedback is suggested to be varied and experimented with?

<p>The balance of direct and indirect feedback. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How should teachers approach grades in relation to formative feedback?

<p>Delay grades to emphasize learning and improvement. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be considered when providing feedback to learners?

<p>Individual learner differences and preferences. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the research suggest about the role of feedback in teaching?

<p>Teaching is synonymous with providing feedback. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What feedback method can encourage learners to reflect on their work?

<p>Peer feedback and self-evaluation. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following feedback strategies enhances motivation among learners?

<p>Discussing the feedback approach with learners. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of feedback should be incorporated as an organic part of instruction?

<p>Feedback that is continuous and responsive. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of effective feedback?

<p>It is specific and related to learning goals. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of feedback is more likely to contribute to learning when not accompanied by scores?

<p>Qualitative feedback (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does effective feedback contribute to learning gains?

<p>By providing information on how to achieve specific learning goals. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of feedback is emphasized for effective learning?

<p>Targeting areas for improvement with appropriate challenges. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential drawback of using scores when providing feedback?

<p>They can devalue qualitative comments. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of qualitative comments in effective feedback?

<p>They help learners understand how to improve going forward. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of understanding should effective feedback target?

<p>Partial understanding of the material. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the role of active involvement in feedback?

<p>Effective feedback entails the active involvement of the learner. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Effective feedback characteristics

Key elements of feedback that support learning, focusing on quality over scores.

Specific learning goals

Clear goals tied to learning, used to evaluate and target feedback.

Specific & Relevant Feedback

Feedback linked to specific learning objectives, showing where to improve.

Appropriately Challenging Feedback

Feedback targeting areas of potential improvement, not addressing total lack of understanding.

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Active learner involvement

Feedback that encourages active participation and ownership of the learning process.

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Formative and Summative Feedback

Feedback that combines both learning and assessment, in the context of written work.

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Withholding/Delaying Scores

A strategy to encourage focusing on qualitative feedback and future learning.

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Learning Gains from Comments

Qualitative feedback (comments and prompts) are more effective at fostering learning than scores, especially without scores.

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Effective Feedback Focus

Effective feedback centers on learning tasks, learner performance on tasks, and learning approaches. Critically, understanding how the learner approached a task is crucial for improving their methods.

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Feedback & Learner Autonomy

Effective feedback empowers learners through prompts and encouragement for self-modification of knowledge, language, or learning approaches. It guides learners, not dictates.

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Teacher's Role in Feedback

The teacher's role shifts gradually to a more facilitative role in providing feedback, becoming less central as learners gain autonomy and actively participate.

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Optimal Feedback Approach

Combining positive and negative feedback maximizes learning potential though it requires care and awareness to avoid creating unnecessary negative emphasis.

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Feedback on Task Approaches

Feedback that demonstrates how to improve future task approaches leads to significant learning and development.

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Feedback on Specific Tasks

Focuses on improving specific tasks. Feedback on approaches to a task offers greatest potential for improvement in that task.

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Learner's Active Role

Learners are actively involved in the feedback process, improving their understanding and use of the feedback given.

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Feedback on Learner Performance

Effective feedback includes examining the learner's performance on a particular task and providing actionable strategies for improvement.

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Systematic Feedback Experiments

Teachers should try different feedback methods and evaluate their effectiveness with individual learners.

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Feedback Variety

Using different types of feedback (direct/indirect, delayed/immediate) makes it more noticeable to learners.

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Task-Specific Feedback

Tailor the feedback to the specific learning task, not always focusing on grammar.

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Personalized Feedback

Adjust feedback to meet the individual needs and preferences of learners.

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Learner Preferences

Crucial to understand and respond to learners' preferred ways of receiving feedback.

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Formative Feedback First

Give feedback on learning progress before assigning grades.

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Feedback as Integral Teaching

Feedback is a core part of teaching, not just an accessory.

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Feedback Channels

Experiment with different methods for delivering feedback (e.g., digital, audio).

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Study Notes

Feedback to Language Learners

  • Feedback is a powerful influence on learning, both positively and negatively.
  • Feedback can be summative (evaluative, end of period) or formative (instructional, ongoing).
  • Effective feedback is specific, related to learning goals, appropriately challenging, and involves active learner participation.
  • Feedback should be about the learning task, not just the learner.
  • Feedback should focus on speaking strategies (e.g., checking understanding, buying time) more than grammar.
  • Feedback on content and organization is as important as accuracy.
  • Learners benefit from positive feedback as well as error correction, and comments and prompts lead to more learning gain than scores alone.
  • The feedback sandwich (positive, negative, positive) is not effective.
  • Effective feedback is more focused on what the learner can do better than what they need to get right.
  • It is important to consider learners' individual differences when providing feedback; these include age, level, cognitive differences, and affective differences.

Corrective Feedback

  • Corrective feedback is the most common type focusing on learner errors.
  • Effective feedback is contingent on learner maturity and appropriate for the learning stage.
  • Grammatical errors are not the only aspect of learner performance that should be focused on. Learners benefit more from speaking strategies.
  • Feedback on pronunciation and vocabulary can lead to greater learning outcomes.
  • Feedback should target specific, frequently occurring, or harmful errors.

Peer Feedback

  • Peer feedback has benefits for both the giver and receiver of feedback.
  • Peer feedback is more effective with regular practice rather than single instances.
  • Peer feedback may help to shift the classroom from a teacher-centered environment.
  • Learners should focus on content and organization in peer feedback as well as grammar.

Feedback and Technology

  • Technology has greatly increased availability for feedback.
  • Online feedback tools offer features comparable or superior to traditional methods.
  • The most common is text or audio feedback.
  • Students prefer multimedia feedback over purely written comments.
  • Automated writing evaluation systems are being developed, improving accuracy.

Recommendations for Further Reading

  • Various publications provide detailed methods and examples related to feedback.
  • These materials offer valuable suggestions for improvement of feedback methods.

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Related Documents

Giving Feedback to Language Learners PDF - Cambridge 2020

Description

Explore the dynamics of feedback in language learning. This quiz covers various aspects of giving effective feedback, focusing on its types, importance, and strategies that benefit learners. Understand how to tailor feedback to enhance learner engagement and performance.

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