Effective Communication with Children

Communication with Infants

• Infants derive comfort from the sound of a voice, even if they don't understand the words.
• Older infants are centered on themselves and their parents, and may view strangers as a threat until proven otherwise.
• When handling infants, pick them up firmly without gestures, and observe the parent's holding position.
• Infants prefer a particular position and manner of handling, and are more at ease when held upright than horizontal.
• Hold infants so they can see their parents.

Communication with Children in Early Childhood

• Children under 5 years old are egocentric, and focus should be on them.
• Tell them what they can do or how they will feel, as experiences of others are of no interest.
• Avoid using another child's experience to gain cooperation.
• Allow children to touch and examine articles that will come in contact with them.
• Toddlers can communicate effectively with their hands to transmit ideas without words.

Effective Communication Strategies

• Assume a position at eye level with the child.
• Speak in a quiet, unhurried, and confident voice.
• Speak clearly, using simple words and short sentences.
• State directions and suggestions positively, and offer choices only when they exist.
• Be honest with children, and allow them to express concerns and fears.
• Use a variety of communication techniques.

Development of Thought Processes

• Language and thought development provide a framework for communication with children.
• Understanding typical characteristics of these stages facilitates social communication.

Infancy Communication

• Infants communicate needs and feelings through nonverbal behaviors and vocalizations.
• Infants smile and coo when content, and cry when distressed.
• Infants respond to adults' nonverbal behaviors, becoming quiet with gentle physical contact.

Communicating with Parents

• Use strategies for interviewing parents, including encouraging them to talk, directing the focus, listening, and cultural awareness.
• Avoid blocks to communication, and use silence effectively.

Communicating with Children of All Ages

• Nonverbal components convey significant messages in communication with children.
• Avoid making friends with children before they have had an opportunity to evaluate an unfamiliar person.
• Continue talking to the child and parent, while going about activities that don't involve the child directly.
• Use simple questions to ease the child into conversation, and ask about their toys or dolls.
• Allow children time to feel comfortable.