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Questions and Answers
What is the function of the AR register in a computer system?
What is the function of the AR register in a computer system?
- Hold the address of the main memory from which data is to be transferred (correct)
- Hold the data to be written into or read from the main memory
- Control the speed of data processing
- Maintain the address of the next instruction
What does the DR register contain in a computer system?
What does the DR register contain in a computer system?
- Address of the main memory
- Control signals for memory operations
- Next instruction address
- Data to be written into or read from the addressed word of the main memory (correct)
In a stored program computer, where is the address of a word to be read or written put?
In a stored program computer, where is the address of a word to be read or written put?
- AR
- MDR
- MAR (correct)
- DR
What does the MDR contain before a write operation in a stored program computer?
What does the MDR contain before a write operation in a stored program computer?
What role does the IP register play in a computer system?
What role does the IP register play in a computer system?
Why was the idea of a stored program essential in the development of general-purpose electronic computers?
Why was the idea of a stored program essential in the development of general-purpose electronic computers?
What is an important property that the intermediate representation should have?
What is an important property that the intermediate representation should have?
How many operands are there per assembly-like instruction in three-address code?
How many operands are there per assembly-like instruction in three-address code?
Why do three-address assignment instructions fix the order of operations?
Why do three-address assignment instructions fix the order of operations?
What is the purpose of a temporary name in a three-address instruction?
What is the purpose of a temporary name in a three-address instruction?
What is the goal of the code-optimization phase?
What is the goal of the code-optimization phase?
Why is the code-optimization phase desired in compilation?
Why is the code-optimization phase desired in compilation?
What does the control unit in a Von Neumann machine do?
What does the control unit in a Von Neumann machine do?
Which unit in a Von Neumann machine transmits data and instructions from the outside world?
Which unit in a Von Neumann machine transmits data and instructions from the outside world?
What is the significance of the leftmost bit in the data format of a Von Neumann machine?
What is the significance of the leftmost bit in the data format of a Von Neumann machine?
What was the new machine developed by Von Neumann and his collaborators at IAS Princeton called?
What was the new machine developed by Von Neumann and his collaborators at IAS Princeton called?
Which unit in a Von Neumann machine performs arithmetic and logical operations?
Which unit in a Von Neumann machine performs arithmetic and logical operations?
In what format are both data and instructions represented in a Von Neumann machine?
In what format are both data and instructions represented in a Von Neumann machine?
Which of the following is a characteristic of an NFA with ∈-moves?
Which of the following is a characteristic of an NFA with ∈-moves?
In an NFA with ∈-moves, what are transitions made without input symbols called?
In an NFA with ∈-moves, what are transitions made without input symbols called?
Which state in the provided NFA can be reached from 𝑞1 without consuming any input symbol?
Which state in the provided NFA can be reached from 𝑞1 without consuming any input symbol?
What is the purpose of allowing transitions without input symbols in an NFA with ∈-moves?
What is the purpose of allowing transitions without input symbols in an NFA with ∈-moves?
In the provided finite automata, which state is the starting state?
In the provided finite automata, which state is the starting state?
What is the significance of a transition from state 𝑞1 to 𝑞2 without consuming any input symbols?
What is the significance of a transition from state 𝑞1 to 𝑞2 without consuming any input symbols?
What distinguishes a deterministic finite automaton (DFA) from a nondeterministic finite automaton (NFA)?
What distinguishes a deterministic finite automaton (DFA) from a nondeterministic finite automaton (NFA)?
Which type of finite automaton allows for zero, one, or more transitions from a state on an input symbol?
Which type of finite automaton allows for zero, one, or more transitions from a state on an input symbol?
How is the mapping function delta (δ) different in DFAs and NFAs?
How is the mapping function delta (δ) different in DFAs and NFAs?
What does it mean when it is said that an NFA may have more than one path corresponding to x in Σ*?
What does it mean when it is said that an NFA may have more than one path corresponding to x in Σ*?
Which type of automaton is defined as having exactly one path corresponding to x in Σ*?
Which type of automaton is defined as having exactly one path corresponding to x in Σ*?
What is the significance of the number of transitions allowed in an automaton?
What is the significance of the number of transitions allowed in an automaton?
Study Notes
Registers in Computer Architecture
- AR (Address Register) holds the address of the main memory from which data is to be transferred.
- DR (Data Register) contains the data to be written into or read from the addressed word of the main memory.
Stored Program Computer
- The idea of a stored program was a major step in the development of general-purpose electronic computers.
- In a stored program computer, the address of a word to be read or written is put into the MAR (Memory Address Register).
- If the operation is a write, the word to be written is first put into the MDR (Memory Data Register).
- The memory is directed to write and transfers the word in the MDR into the address presented by the MAR.
- If the operation is a read, the word read from the location presented in MAR is put into the MDR by control external to the processor.
- Instructions are normally taken from successive locations in memory.
- The IP (Instruction Pointer) maintains the address of the location for the next instruction.
Finite Automata
- A DFA (Deterministic Finite Automata) is a finite automata in which there exists exactly one transition from a state on an input symbol.
- An NFA (Non-deterministic Finite Automata) is a finite automata in which there may exist more than one paths corresponding to x in Σ* (because zero, one, or more transitions are permitted from a state on an input symbol).
- In a DFA, there exists exactly one path corresponding to x in Σ*.
NFA with ∈-move
- An NFA with ∈-moves is a finite automata that permits transitions without input symbols, along with zero, one, or more transitions on the input symbols.
Intermediate Code Generation
- Three-address code is an intermediate form that consists of a sequence of assembly-like instructions with three operands per instruction.
- Each operand can act like a register.
- The output of the intermediate code generator consists of the three-address code sequence.
Code Optimization
- The code-optimization phase attempts to improve the intermediate code to produce better target code.
- The goal of code-optimization is to increase code execution speed and for efficient memory management.
Von Neumann Machine
- The Von Neumann machine consists of five basic units: Input Unit, Memory Unit, Arithmetic-Logic Unit, Control Unit, and Output Unit.
- The Control Unit fetches and interprets the instructions in memory and causes them to be executed.
- Data and instructions are represented in the binary form with a specific format.
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Description
Learn about the stored program concept in EDVAC and how it led to the development of the Von Neumann Machine at the Institute for Advanced Studies. Explore the general structure and functioning of the Von Neumann Machine.
