Educational Psychology Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is a critical component of becoming a good teacher?

  • Having prior work experience in a different field
  • Attending workshops only
  • Participating in student teaching (correct)
  • Completing a certification program

What is the primary goal of educational psychology?

  • To improve educational practices (correct)
  • To establish strict teaching guidelines
  • To perform psychological assessments
  • To evaluate curriculum effectiveness

Which of the following is NOT included in the study of educational psychology?

  • Motivation in learning
  • Instructional technology advancements (correct)
  • Child and adolescent development
  • Socio-cultural influences on learning

Which approach should teachers adopt to reflect on their teaching practices?

<p>Assess how students are performing (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an effective way for educational psychologists to gather data on teaching outcomes?

<p>Using various research methods (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of learning does educational psychology encompass?

<p>Assessment of teaching and learning (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is common sense considered unreliable in educational practices?

<p>It lacks empirical support (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What key factor influences how children learn different subject matter?

<p>Socio-cultural influences (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of maturation in human development?

<p>Naturally occurring changes that are genetically programmed (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of human development specifically involves changes in body structure?

<p>Physical (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of development describes changes in how individuals relate to others over time?

<p>Social changes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best characterizes the concept of Nature versus Nurture?

<p>An ongoing discussion on the balance of biological and environmental influences (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of ethnography as a research method?

<p>Describing the life within a group and the meanings of events to its members. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are growth and maturation considered different in human development?

<p>Growth is influenced by social factors while maturation is not (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What research method involves a researcher actively participating in the group being studied?

<p>Participant observation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What has modern science provided to help understand the Nature versus Nurture debate?

<p>Empirical tools for mapping genes and studying brain effects (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to current views, how do biological and environmental factors interact in human development?

<p>They are complexly interconnected and influence each other (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes longitudinal studies?

<p>Studies observing subjects over an extended period to measure changes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cross-sectional studies are primarily useful for which of the following purposes?

<p>Examining differences among groups at various ages at a single point in time. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does cognitive development primarily involve?

<p>Changes in mental processes becoming more complex (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential drawback of longitudinal studies?

<p>They require extensive time, resources, and participant engagement. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of research primarily focuses on cognitive processes in the midst of change?

<p>Micro genetic studies (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In educational psychology, ethnographic research might explore which of the following?

<p>How social dynamics impact students' learning experiences. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why might researchers prefer cross-sectional studies over longitudinal studies?

<p>They require less time, money, and logistical planning. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do researchers suggest happens to prospective teachers' sense of efficacy after their first year of teaching?

<p>It declines due to lack of support. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the main purposes of educational psychology as suggested by researchers?

<p>To examine the systematic impact of teaching on students. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the study by Bridget Hamre & Robert Pianta, what factor was a predictor of a number of academic and behavioral outcomes?

<p>The quality of the teacher-student relationship. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were the two key factors identified by Pianta and his colleagues that helped children with lower math skills close the achievement gap?

<p>Higher-level instruction and positive teacher relationships. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect did the study on 5th graders in Tennessee focus on regarding teacher effectiveness?

<p>The effect of having effective or ineffective teachers consecutively. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one potential consequence for students with significant behavior problems if their first teachers do not meet their needs?

<p>They often continue to experience problems later in school. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the implication of the findings related to wealth and social status on learning in schools?

<p>Teacher effectiveness is crucial irrespective of wealth. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following was NOT mentioned as a predictor of school success through grade 8 in the study by Hamre and Pianta?

<p>Child's socioeconomic status. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the nature versus nurture debate primarily focus on in human development?

<p>The influence of biological processes versus social interactions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'continuity' refer to in the context of human development?

<p>Gradual improvement in abilities over time (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of change is exemplified by the ability to reproduce during puberty?

<p>Qualitative change (B), Discontinuous change (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to current views in psychology, how are nature and nurture seen to interact in development?

<p>They interact in joint actions or complex interactions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes a discontinuous change in development?

<p>Substantial shifts in abilities that mark new stages (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a common belief among early psychologists regarding childhood experiences?

<p>They were essential for cognitive and emotional growth. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one key aspect contrasting critical periods with later experiences in development?

<p>Earlier experiences tend to shape fundamental skills and traits. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of Piaget's theory is a good example of discontinuous change?

<p>The sudden cognitive shifts in thinking patterns (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During the preoperational stage, what is a major limitation in the child's thinking process?

<p>Difficulty thinking about objects in more than one direction. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the 'eating scheme' being used in playing house during the preoperational stage?

<p>It highlights the development of a more generalized scheme beyond specific actions. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Piaget, what does 'egocentric' mean in the context of preoperational children?

<p>Unable to understand different perspectives and feelings. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the core idea behind the principle of conservation, which preoperational children struggle with?

<p>The appearance of an object can change but some of its characteristics remain the same. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the defining characteristic of the Concrete Operational Stage, according to Piaget?

<p>The ability to reason logically and perform mental operations on concrete objects. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following aspects of reasoning is crucial for understanding conservation, according to Piaget?

<p>The understanding of identity, compensation, and reversibility. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between the preoperational stage and the concrete operational stage?

<p>The development of logical reasoning and the ability to perform mental operations on concrete objects. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'compensation' mean in the context of understanding conservation?

<p>The understanding that changes in one dimension can be offset by changes in another. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the concept of 'identity' mean in terms of understanding conservation?

<p>The understanding that the appearance of an object does not change its fundamental nature. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Ethnography

A research method that focuses on understanding the experiences and perspectives of individuals within a specific group.

Participant Observation

A type of ethnographic research where the researcher actively participates in the group being studied to gain a deeper understanding of their experiences.

Longitudinal Study

A research study that tracks the same group of individuals over a long period of time to observe changes and development.

Cross-sectional Study

A research study that compares different groups of individuals at different ages at a single point in time.

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Microgenetic Study

A research method that focuses on studying cognitive processes in the midst of change, often over a short period of time.

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Interpretive Research

A research method that focuses on understanding how actions or events are interpreted and given meaning by individuals within a group.

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Sociocultural Research

A research method that aims to study the social and cultural factors that influence learning and development.

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Educational Ethnography

A research method that focuses on understanding the perspectives and experiences of learners within their specific learning environments.

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Teacher Efficacy

The belief in one's own ability to effectively perform a task.

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Teacher Efficacy Decline

Student teaching provides support, but after graduating, new teachers often face a decline in their confidence due to the lack of support.

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Educational Psychology Research

Research that investigates the systematic impact of teaching on student outcomes.

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Importance of Teacher-Student Relationships

The quality of the teacher-student relationship in kindergarten strongly predicts academic and behavioral outcomes throughout a child's school years.

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Teacher Responsiveness

A teacher's responsiveness and consistent feedback can help students with behavioral problems.

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Factors for Closing Achievement Gap

High-level instruction and positive teacher relationships were identified as crucial factors in closing the achievement gap in mathematics.

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Impact of Effective vs. Ineffective Teachers

Research examining the long-term impact of effective and ineffective teachers on students.

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Longitudinal Teacher Impact Study

Researchers studied fifth-graders in Tennessee to understand the effects of having several consecutive effective or ineffective teachers.

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Nature vs. Nurture

The ongoing debate over the relative contributions of genetics and environmental factors in shaping development.

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Continuous Development

The idea that development is gradual and ongoing, like a steady climb.

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Discontinuous Development

The idea that development involves abrupt shifts and qualitative changes, like a staircase.

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Critical Periods

Specific periods during development when certain experiences have a profound impact on a person.

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Early Childhood Experiences

The belief that early childhood experiences are particularly important for later development.

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Complex Interactions

How the interaction between genes and the environment creates unique developmental outcomes.

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Maturation and Interaction

The idea that development involves both biological maturation and environmental influences.

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Human Development

The process of change and growth over time that occurs in all individuals.

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Importance of Ongoing Professional Development

Ongoing professional development is crucial for becoming a skilled teacher, alongside student teaching experiences. Reflection is key to improving teaching practices by identifying what works and what doesn't, and continually adapting methods.

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What is Educational Psychology?

This field studies how people learn and how to improve educational methods. It encompasses various aspects like child development, motivation, social influences on learning, and different learning styles.

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Role of Research in Educational Psychology

Educational psychologists employ research to analyze teaching and its effects. They examine various teaching outcomes to understand what works best.

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Why Rely on Research in Education?

It challenges assumptions and biases by relying on evidence-based findings. It helps us to make informed decisions about teaching practices.

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Limitations of 'Common Sense' in Education

Common sense may not always be accurate or reliable when it comes to education. Research offers a more objective and evidence-based approach to understanding learning and teaching.

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Limitations of 'Gut Instincts' in Education

Our gut feelings and personal opinions may not always be accurate. Research provides a more reliable foundation for making decisions about teaching practices and learning strategies.

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Conservation

The ability to understand that changing the appearance of an object does not change its essential properties, like its mass or volume.

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Egocentrism

The tendency for young children to view the world solely from their own perspective, assuming everyone else shares their thoughts and feelings.

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Concrete Operational Stage (Piaget)

The stage of cognitive development where children begin to understand concrete concepts and perform logical operations on tangible objects.

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Identity (Conservation)

The idea that if nothing is added or taken away from an object, it remains the same. This is a basic principle of logical thinking.

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Compensation (Conservation)

The ability to recognize that a change in one aspect of an object can be compensated for by a change in another aspect.

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Reversibility (Conservation)

The ability to mentally reverse the steps in a process, understanding that actions can be undone.

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Symbolic Thinking

The ability to think about objects in symbolic form, such as using language to represent thoughts and ideas.

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Preoperational Stage (Piaget)

The stage of cognitive development where children are developing their ability to use symbols, but still focus on one-way thinking and struggle with understanding reversibility.

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Maturation

Changes that occur naturally and spontaneously in a person's development, typically governed by genetic programming.

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Complex Coactions

The idea that development results from a complex interplay between biological factors and environmental influences.

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Shape of Development

The way in which development unfolds over time, including whether it is continuous (gradual) or discontinuous (in stages).

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Active Construction of Environments

The idea that individuals actively construct their own environments and experiences through their actions and choices.

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Physical Development

Changes in bodily structure and function that occur throughout the life span, from conception to death.

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Personal Development

Changes in personality, temperament, and emotional expression that occur over time.

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Social Development

Changes in how individuals interact with others, including their social skills, relationships, and roles.

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Study Notes

Educational Psychology Notes

  • Educational psychology is the study of learning and teaching, aiming for improvement in educational practices.
  • It encompasses, but is not limited to, child and adolescent development, learning, motivation, socio-cultural influences on learning, how different subject matters are learned, learning assessments, and teacher training.

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Description

Test your knowledge on key concepts of educational psychology, including the goals of the field, the methods used for data collection, and the impact of maturation on learning. This quiz covers important theoretical approaches and factors influencing teaching practices.

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