Educational Assessment Chapter 16

Questions and Answers

Which of the four basic principles of classroom arrangement has Silverman forgotten?

Even distribution of art supplies.

Arrangement allows each student to see whole-class presentations. (correct)

Visibility of each student.

Easy accessibility of supplies.

What is true about essay items?

They require students to integrate and apply ideas.

What do diagnostic tests evaluate?

Thoroughly evaluate a specific area of learning.

What should Julie avoid when scoring essays?

Writing comments on student papers. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not one of the benefits of using high-stakes testing?

Less time spent teaching subject matter. Signup and view all the answers

Which style of classroom arrangement is most effective for collaborative learning activities?

Cluster style. Signup and view all the answers

Which style of classroom arrangement is likely to have the least distraction from students?

Auditorium style. Signup and view all the answers

What does a best-work portfolio show?

A collection of a student's most outstanding work. Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes students whose teachers adopt the authoritative style of classroom management?

Are self-reliant. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about underperforming schools under NCLB legislation is false?

They face no repercussions. Signup and view all the answers

What is a major benefit of using portfolios as tools for assessment?

Opportunity to link assessment and teaching to learning. Signup and view all the answers

A very small part of preinstruction assessment is informal observation.

False Signup and view all the answers

Standardized tests can be used to help teachers diagnose students' strengths and weaknesses.

True Signup and view all the answers

The current model for classroom management emphasizes permissiveness and places sole responsibility on the students for determining and maintaining proper behavior.

False Signup and view all the answers

Teachers should be discouraged from giving feedback to students during formative assessment.

False Signup and view all the answers

Compared with secondary school students, elementary school students spend much more time with the same students in the small space of a single classroom.

True Signup and view all the answers

When considering the link between assessment and motivation, assessments should encourage students to become more meaningfully involved with the subject matter.

True Signup and view all the answers

Criterion-referenced tests are designed to assess students' skills and knowledge in specific areas, such as English, math, and science.

True Signup and view all the answers

A learning target consists of what the students know and should be able to do.

True Signup and view all the answers

Student response systems encourage active student participation and help students explore what they know and don't know—and hence take control of their own learning.

True Signup and view all the answers

Validity is the extent to which a test produces similar results when administered on multiple occasions, but not the accuracy with which a test measures what it is intended to measure.

False Signup and view all the answers

Reliable scores are stable, dependable, and relatively free of errors of measurement.

True Signup and view all the answers

A test score that is valid is reliable, but a test score that is reliable is not necessarily valid.

True Signup and view all the answers

Schools are spending more time on performance-based assessment because of the increase in high-stakes tests that use these testing methods.

False Signup and view all the answers

An aptitude test and an achievement test measure the same underlying traits.

False Signup and view all the answers

Reducing congestion in high-traffic areas is one of the basic principles of classroom arrangement.

True Signup and view all the answers

A survey battery is a group of individualized subject matter tests that is designed for a particular level of students.

True Signup and view all the answers

Reading and mathematics are the two areas in which standardized tests are often used for diagnosis.

True Signup and view all the answers

In the context of classroom arrangement, clustering desks discourages social interaction among students.

False Signup and view all the answers

True/false items are useful for outcomes where there are only two possible alternatives.

True Signup and view all the answers

Most state standards-based tests have criterion-referenced scoring.

True Signup and view all the answers

The seminar style of classroom arrangement refers to an arrangement where students sit facing each other.

False Signup and view all the answers

When designing your classroom arrangement, you should involve students in planning the layout.

True Signup and view all the answers

Authentic assessment means evaluating students as precisely as possible.

False Signup and view all the answers

According to No Child Left Behind, if underperforming schools don't improve after four years, states are required to implement major staff and curriculum changes in the schools and if progress is not made after five years, states must close the schools.

True Signup and view all the answers

Authoritarian teachers show a caring attitude toward their students.

False Signup and view all the answers

All performance assessments are authentic assessments, but not all authentic assessments are performance assessments.

False Signup and view all the answers

According to No Child Left Behind, all teachers now are required to be 'highly qualified'; however, this information is to be kept strictly confidential by the schools.

False Signup and view all the answers

To function smoothly, classrooms need clearly defined behavioral norms.

True Signup and view all the answers

Grades help to establish how students measure up and determine whether they meet graduation criteria. This refers to the 'informational' aspect of grading.

False Signup and view all the answers

Teachers who demonstrate that they care about students as individuals are less likely to gain student cooperation because this behavior undermines the teacher's authority.

False Signup and view all the answers

A criticism of the current PRAXIS™ and state licensure tests is that these tests assess 'low-level or marginally relevant knowledge and skills' rather than 'deep knowledge of subject matter and actual teaching skills.'

True Signup and view all the answers

An increasing number of programs reveal that showing greater cultural sensitivity to socioculturally diverse students benefits those who are at risk for academic and emotional problems.

True Signup and view all the answers

The report card is a standard method of reporting students' progress and grades to parents.

True Signup and view all the answers

When administering a standardized test to students, it is important for the teacher to communicate a positive attitude and to describe the nature and purpose of the test.

True Signup and view all the answers

When taking standardized tests, students should be encouraged to skip difficult items and return to them later.

True Signup and view all the answers

Assessment experts agree that teachers should 'go strictly by the numbers' when grading students to ensure that grades are objective reflections of student performance.

False Signup and view all the answers

In the case of a normal distribution of scores, the most common scores occur at either extreme.

False Signup and view all the answers

What is a purpose for preinstruction assessment?

To determine the level of complexity at which to begin a new topic Signup and view all the answers

When speaking with students, teachers should use vocabulary that is just beyond the level of understanding for their particular grade level.

False Signup and view all the answers

What does formative assessment refer to?

Assessment during the course of instruction Signup and view all the answers

Advising, ordering, moralizing, and criticizing are all aspects of effective verbal communication.

False Signup and view all the answers

What is the least appropriate purpose of formative assessment?

To assess student achievement Signup and view all the answers

What illustrates the type of question that a teacher would ask during formative assessment?

When should I stop lecturing? Signup and view all the answers

When teachers give assessments that are too difficult, how will students likely react?

The self-esteem of the students will decline. Signup and view all the answers

Reliability refers to the extent to which a test:

produces a consistent, reproducible measure of performance. Signup and view all the answers

Being belittled about religion or race is the most frequent type of bullying.

False Signup and view all the answers

Validity refers to the extent to which a test:

measures what it is intended to measure. Signup and view all the answers

What does the newer view of managing classrooms focus on?

providing opportunities for student self-regulation. Signup and view all the answers

The extent to which a test yields the same performance when a student is given the same test on two different occasions is called:

test-retest reliability. Signup and view all the answers

In the current view of classroom management, the teacher is best viewed as which of the following?

Facilitator Signup and view all the answers

What are recommended classroom management strategies for teachers to follow at the beginning of the school year except which one?

Bend the rules if students do not comply. Signup and view all the answers

The extent to which a test can be used to predict a student's performance as measured by other assessments is called:

criterion validity. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following least requires a higher level of cognitive skill?

Knowing facts Signup and view all the answers

Which form of validity refers to the extent to which a test measures a particular underlying, unobservable trait such as creativity or intelligence?

Construct validity Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the main goals of effective classroom management?

to help students spend more time engaged in learning. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of an objective test?

Solving a math problem in a selected-response item. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are recommended strategies for increasing academic learning time?

Minimizing transition time between activities. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following activities is an example of preinstruction assessment?

All of the answers are correct, including looking at students' prior grades, observing student behavior during the first few weeks of school, and asking students to discuss what they know about a particular topic. Signup and view all the answers

When the scores on an employment test directly correspond to the annual performance rating of the employee, the employment test has:

concurrent validity. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true about secondary schools?

Secondary school teachers have less time to establish personal relationships with their students than elementary school teachers. Signup and view all the answers

What is the best example of formative assessment?

Mr. Livingston monitors students' progress toward the reading goals set by him. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following activities is the best example of preinstruction assessment?

Observing students to gain information about their interests and abilities. Signup and view all the answers

Mr. Washington asks his students to conduct a presentation on a particular topic. He reminds his students that the topic discussed during the presentation would be part of the weekly test and would require them to be fully attentive during the presentation. In this case, Mr. Washington tries to increase academic learning time of his students by:

holding students accountable. Signup and view all the answers

Standards-based tests are most appropriate in which of the following situations?

To assess skills that students are expected to master before moving to the next grade. Signup and view all the answers

Renaldo has great respect for his English teacher, Ms. Jefferson. She has the uncanny ability to keep the class on track from one activity to another. Even as they move out of their independent seatwork into their response groups, her smiling presence is enough to keep students on task. In this case, Ms. Jefferson increases the academic learning time of her students effectively by:

minimizing transition time. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true about formative assessment?

It is a tool that encourages students to assess their own progress on a day-to-day basis. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following would be least likely to be on the agenda of a teachers' meeting to discuss high-stakes testing?

The issue of students requiring remedial work in a particular subject. Signup and view all the answers

Identify an accurate statement about formal assessment.

Formal assessment provides information about how well students have mastered the learning material. Signup and view all the answers

Professor Martin conducts a math test. He calculates the scores on all even-numbered items and compares them with the scores on all odd-numbered items. He finds that the scores from the odd-numbered items are vastly different from the scores on the even-numbered items. Which of the following statements is true about the math test?

The test has low split-half reliability. Signup and view all the answers

In which of the following classroom arrangement styles do large numbers of students sit in circular, square, or U-shaped arrangements?

Seminar style Signup and view all the answers

A teacher's initial impressions of students should be treated as:

hypotheses. Signup and view all the answers

A science teacher is unsure about the scores for the second batch of tests. Student scores on this last test are not at all similar to their scores on the test conducted two weeks ago. What problem with testing is the teacher confronted with?

Reliability Signup and view all the answers

Viola conducts a chemistry test. Which of the following strengthens the fact that the test conducted by Viola is valid?

The test assesses the students on the concepts discussed in the text. Signup and view all the answers

When desks are arranged in rows and columns, teachers are most likely to interact with students in which of the following locations?

Front row and center column Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a strength of true/false items?

Less demand is placed on reading ability than on some other item types. Signup and view all the answers

Both aptitude tests and achievement tests have which of the following attributes in common?

They assess a student's current status. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not true about an effective strategy for designing a classroom arrangement?

Develop a proven, permanent classroom arrangement. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a weakness of multiple-choice items?

It is frequently difficult to find plausible distracters. Signup and view all the answers

Mr. Hernandez is planning to rearrange his classroom in preparation for a new unit in which 20 students of his class will be engaged in whole-class discussions. Which of the following classroom arrangements is most suitable?

Seminar style Signup and view all the answers

A criticism of the No Child Left Behind (NCLB) legislation is that:

it encourages inflation of test scores. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true about multiple-choice items?

Simple and complex learning outcomes can be measured. Signup and view all the answers

According to the No Child Left Behind legislation, schools must show adequate yearly progress (AYP). Otherwise, states will close schools that don't achieve AYP after five years. Which of the following illustrates the best reason for why it can be difficult to achieve AYP?

AYP must be achieved by all students, including students with disabilities and limited English proficiency. Signup and view all the answers

Essay items are especially good for assessing which of the following?

Students' higher-level thinking skills. Signup and view all the answers

An aptitude test measures which of the following?

What a student should be able to learn. Signup and view all the answers

Survey batteries are tests that:

assess individual subject matter for a particular student level. Signup and view all the answers

Miss Friedman looks exhausted from rearranging her classroom. She tells her colleague that every time she finally thinks she has it the way she wants it, she remembers an important classroom activity that requires adjustment of the desk arrangement. What has Miss Friedman neglected to do in designing her classroom environment?

Draw up a floor plan. Involve the students in planning the classroom layout. Consider the flexible element of classroom arrangement. All of the answers are correct. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is one of the most commonly used forms of traditional constructed-response items?

Essay items Signup and view all the answers

Ms. Mackley teaches middle school science. Her classroom includes an aquarium with fish, a terrarium with two turtles, and a cage with a mouse. The desks are arranged in groups of four so that students can discuss science experiments and work together. Three different centers are set up around the perimeter of the classroom, each focused on a different area of science. Which of the following best describes Ms. Mackley's approach to classroom arrangement?

She knows that arranging an engaging, interactive, and well-organized classroom will contribute to positive student behaviors and overall learning. Signup and view all the answers

Aptitude tests are those that:

predict a student's ability to learn. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Assessment and Classroom Management

Informal observation is a minor part of preinstruction assessments, highlighting the need for varied assessment methods.
Standardized tests play a crucial role in identifying students' strengths and weaknesses.
Current classroom management models advocate for teacher involvement and not solely placing behavior responsibility on students.
Feedback during formative assessments is encouraged to support student improvement.

Classroom Dynamics

Elementary students spend significantly more time with the same peers in small classroom settings compared to secondary students.
Effective assessments should foster student motivation and deeper engagement with the subject matter.
Criterion-referenced tests target specific skill areas, such as English and mathematics, for precise student evaluation.

Learning Targets and Student Engagement

Learning targets define what students should know and be able to achieve.
Student response systems promote active participation and empower students to take charge of their learning.
Reliability in assessments means scores should remain consistent and free of significant measurement errors.

Validity and Reliability

Validity ensures tests accurately measure what they intend, while reliability ensures consistent performance across multiple test instances.
Tests are expected to provide predictive validity regarding further assessments.

Classroom Arrangement and Learning Environment

Classroom setups, like seminar-style arrangements, encourage collaboration and facilitate interactions amongst students.
Good classroom management is predicated on clear behavioral norms to maintain a conducive learning environment.
Teacher involvement in planning classroom layouts can enhance student engagement and effectiveness of learning.

Standardized Testing and Evaluation

Standardized tests are extensively used for diagnosing skills in reading and mathematics.
Teachers should communicate positively about standardized tests, emphasizing their purpose and importance.
Formative assessments serve to evaluate student progress during instruction and help inform teaching practices.

Grading and Student Cooperation

Grades are designed to reflect student performance and inform educational progress, but subjective grading practices can influence cooperation and motivation.
Teacher authority can be undermined by demonstrating excessive care in individual relationships with students.

No Child Left Behind (NCLB) Legislation

NCLB mandates consistent progress monitoring, requiring schools to act on underperformance within set timeframes, emphasizing accountability in educational outcomes.
Critics argue that NCLB incentivizes inflation of test scores rather than improving educational quality.

Items Types in Assessments

True/false items clarify binary outcomes effectively, while essay items assess higher-order thinking skills.
Multiple-choice questions can measure complex learning outcomes, yet crafting plausible distractors remains challenging.

Engagement Strategies and Classroom Management

Effective classroom arrangement minimizes transition times, promoting sustained academic engagement.
Students' self-regulation and cooperative learning are essential goals of a structured classroom management approach.
High-stakes testing and accountability contribute to the structure of assessment but can detract from instructional time.

Portfolios and Performance Assessments

Best-work portfolios showcase students' best projects and demonstrate their learning progress.
Performance assessments, while authentic, require careful design to ensure they accurately reflect student understanding.

Conclusion

Collaborative classroom arrangements encourage a positive learning environment, while clear expectations, reliable assessments, and valid criteria shape effective educational practices.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Description

Test your knowledge with these flashcards from Chapter 16 on educational assessment. This quiz covers the various aspects of preinstruction assessment and classroom management principles. Challenge yourself to determine the truthfulness of each statement.