Education Major Reviewer: Special Education

Questions and Answers

Which principle states that language abilities required for academic success are very different from those operating in everyday conversational context and that among bilingual children, transfer of academic language proficiency occurs languages when development of literacy in both languages is promoted in the school context?

Linguistic principle

Psycholinguistic principle

Sociolinguistic principle (correct)

Bilingual education

Which strategy allows the students to integrate their academic content to classroom activities and to their won knowledge and experiences?

First language support

Culture studies

Story telling

Language experience approach (correct)

Comprehensible input: level i+1; linguistic output: _____.

Which principle does NOT belong to direct approach in language teaching?

It never uses the second language. Signup and view all the answers

Which question is CORRECT?

Is this your coat? Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following words is the best antonym for 'bless'?

Terrify Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following words is the best synonym for 'enormous'?

Very large Signup and view all the answers

The root word for 'philanthropist' suggests a person who is ________.

Benevolent Signup and view all the answers

The robber may have taken some jewelry, ________ the money.

I didn’t say he stole the money Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following sentences is grammatically correct?

That Maria dances well surprises me. Signup and view all the answers

What approach can be used best to understand the woman in 'The Mole'?

Psychological Signup and view all the answers

Which approach is concerned with the study of 'signs'?

Semiotics Signup and view all the answers

What does the refrain change in the poem illustrate?

Cumulative repetition Signup and view all the answers

What approach can be used to study the 'texts' of the bible?

Hermeneutics Signup and view all the answers

Which literary term is illustrated by the lines: 'This widow --- woman of whom I tell my tale'?

Characterization Signup and view all the answers

In the Sumerian epic, Gilgamesh, what biblical allusion was used?

The Great Flood Signup and view all the answers

What technique did Geoffrey Chaucer use in 'The Canterbury Tales'?

Frame Story Signup and view all the answers

In reading strategies, what proves the difference between strategies and skills?

Strategies imply metacognitive awareness while skills imply cognitive awareness Signup and view all the answers

In the 'Odyssey' of Homer, what is the best symbolism of the 'wedding bed'?

Constancy of Odyssey and Penelope's love Signup and view all the answers

What is the theme of Gilgamesh?

Preference to immortality/lasting fame through performing great deeds Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following language teaching method does NOT belong to the humanistic approach?

Imitation Drill Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following language teaching methods is NOT learner-centered in approach?

Grammar Translation Method Signup and view all the answers

What is grammatical consciousness-raising?

A top-down approach that advocates explicit grammatical instruction in order to contribute to the learner’s literacy awareness. Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between vocabulary and grammar in the curriculum?

In the early stages of learning, one is better served by vocabulary than by grammar Signup and view all the answers

One of the distinguishing features of works of literature is the writers' connotative use of language. What does this mean?

Literary language exhibits a richness in meaning which does not only refer to something but also communicates the tone of the writer and tries to affect the reader Signup and view all the answers

If the input answers the question how a language acquirer develops competency over time, this hypothesis points that motivation, self-confidence, and anxiety affect how an individual acquires the language. Which hypothesis is referred to?

Affective filter hypothesis Signup and view all the answers

Schema theory describes the way the mind acquires, categorizes, and organizes knowledge. Which of the following is NOT a component of schema theory?

There can be real learning without meaning. Signup and view all the answers

Metacognition can be defined as „thinking about thinking.‟ The essence of metacognition includes reflecting, monitoring, self-questioning, and _______.

self-regulating Signup and view all the answers

What approach involves a lot of repetition of the second language grammatical forms especially those that are different from the learner‟s first language?

Audio-lingual approach Signup and view all the answers

What kind of second language do the learners need to learn in employing the communicative approach?

The kind that they will need for a real-world, real-life situations. Signup and view all the answers

Which among the classroom principles is NOT part of the communicative language teaching?

The distinction between language acquisition and language learning. Signup and view all the answers

Which approach is frequently used in task-based language teaching (TBLT) and features small group activities that promote positive interaction?

Cooperative learning Signup and view all the answers

If the teacher asks the students to prepare a written story/text of the experience, what kind of approach has been used?

Language experience approach Signup and view all the answers

The following are concepts to be considered in employing cultural approach in teaching language EXCEPT one. Which is the exception?

There are superior languages because there are superior cultures. Signup and view all the answers

If the academic language scaffolding involves providing students with second language input that is a little bit beyond their current level, dialogue journals create a written conversation between each student and the teacher. Which of the following is TRUE?

The first statement is true while the second statement is false. Signup and view all the answers

What area of language is NOT a central theme in describing a process?

Superlative forms Signup and view all the answers

Joe watched his favorite singer perform on three occasions. The singer sang the same song with different interpretations. Which style did the singer fulfill?

Style as a choice Signup and view all the answers

May read one of the poems written by her favorite author and she noticed the use of only two punctuation marks and some common nouns in capital letters. May could conclude that her favorite author took into consideration the use of _____.

Graphological feature Signup and view all the answers

What stylistic device is used in "A face reproachful tearful an odor of camphor and of tears a voice weeping steadily and softly beyond the twilight door the twilight-colored smell of honeysuckle" (The Sound and the Fury)?

Stream of Consciousness Signup and view all the answers

Mr. Wansan has difficulty figuring out who the culprits are in the massacre of the Y family. Apart from looking closely at the crime scene, he also needs to consider issues like voice recognition and identification of regional accents. Which type of stylistic analysis should Mr. Wansan need to consider?

Forensic Stylistics Signup and view all the answers

Which method of achieving cohesion in a discourse is used in the line 'Would you like a soda?' 'Yes, I'd like one'?

Substitutive cohesion Signup and view all the answers

Teacher Limbo wants his students to feel the story they are about to read. He instructed them to imagine themselves as characters in the story and to feel the setting of the story. Which theory does Teacher Limbo want his students to apply?

Deictic Shift Theory Signup and view all the answers

Which stylistic feature is used in the following lines: Break him up, Slurp him up, Darin him up?

Lexical repetition Signup and view all the answers

Which stylistic device is used in William Shakespeare’s 'All the world’s a stage, And all the men and women merely players'?

Synecdoche Signup and view all the answers

In 'Don’t take your break up with Lance too hard. Don’t worry, there will be more handsome faces that will come your way,' the writer considered using _____.

Metonymic agency Signup and view all the answers

I was on my way to the third floor of the building when I heard a thud. Then vroooom goes the motorcycle. Which word is an example of lexical onomatopoeia?

Vrooom Signup and view all the answers

'All hail Macbeth, hail to thee, Thane of Cawdor' and 'All hail Macbeth, that shalt be King hereafter!' (Act 1, Macbeth) is an example of _____.

Repetition Signup and view all the answers

'A strange end to my manuscript. I meant to publish it someday as the history of one Poirot’s failure!', writes the narrator in the last chapter: he has narrated a murder case and its investigation by Hercule Poirot omitting one crucial detail, that he himself is the murderer; but in the previous chapter he has been found out and has been left the way out of committing suicide, which he announces before closing the narration. – The Murder of Roger Ackroyd, Agatha Christie. Which kind of narrator was used in the above chapter excerpt?

Homodiegetic Signup and view all the answers

What modality is used in the sentence 'Marvin is probably at school now'?

Epistemic Signup and view all the answers

'War is war' is an example of _____.

Tautology Signup and view all the answers

With throats unslaked, with black lips baked, Agape they heard me call; Gramercy! they for joy did grin, And all at once their breath drew in, As they were drinking all. (Rime of the Ancient Mariner) is an example of _____.

Alliteration Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of chiasmus?

"Ask not what your country can do for you but what you can do for your country." (John F. Kennedy) Signup and view all the answers

"… and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth." (Gettysburg Address, Abraham Lincoln) is an example of _____.

Anaphora Signup and view all the answers

"You, Sir, of all men whom I have known, are he whose body is the closest conjoined, and imbued, and identified, so to speak, with the spirit whereof it is the instrument." (Scarlet Letter) is an example of _____.

Polysyndeton Signup and view all the answers

For which is an Individualized Education Program (IEP)?

I, II, III Signup and view all the answers

What should be done first before doing remedial instruction?

Diagnose the difficulty Signup and view all the answers

The following are remedial teaching strategies EXCEPT _____.

Individualized Educational Program (IEP) Signup and view all the answers

Is remedial instruction the same as special education?

No, however, remedial instruction may include children with special needs if they are diagnosed with difficulty Signup and view all the answers

Which statement on remedial teaching is WRONG?

Seeing to it that the pupil can remain at his/her school Signup and view all the answers

What does remedial instruction focus on?

Skills Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Remedial Instruction

An Individualized Education Program (IEP) helps students overcome learning difficulties, develops their potential, and reinforces the foundation of learning.
Remedial instruction focuses on skills, not content, and involves re-teaching, reviewing, and assessing.
Effective remedial instruction involves working systematically: observing, diagnosing, remediating, and evaluating.
Remedial instruction is not the same as special education, but they can include children with special needs if diagnosed with difficulty.

ESP (English for Specific Purposes)

ESP is a language teaching approach based on learners' needs.
ESP is not a product or a language, but an approach.
ESP teachers need a positive attitude towards the content, knowledge of fundamental principles of the subject area, and awareness of how much they probably know.

Syllabus Types

Structural/situational syllabus: focuses on topics like making arrangements, taking part in an interview, buying and selling.
Skill syllabus: focuses on topics like writing essays, study techniques, and examinations.
Functional/notional syllabus: focuses on topics like properties and shapes, structure, actions in sequence, cause and effect.
Functional/task-based syllabus: focuses on topics like exercises in personal evaluation, examining job needs, using ads.

K-12 Curriculum

The K-12 curriculum envisions holistically developed learners with 21st-century skills.
The curriculum focuses on learners and is designed to prepare graduates for tertiary education, middle-level skills development, employment, and entrepreneurship.
The first beneficiaries of the senior high school of the K-12 curriculum are incoming freshmen of SY 2012-2013.

Phonetics and Phonology

The transcription /taɪp/ represents the word "tape".
The transcription /rɪč/ represents the word "rich".
The transcription/ðiz/ represents the word "these".

Vocabulary Building

Precious means valuable.
Unique means special.
Bulky means awkward.
Assist means help.
Authorize means empower.
Bless means consecrate.

Word Stress and Morphemes

The sentence "I didn't say he stole the money" has different meanings depending on the word stressed.
The word "transportation" has 3 morphemes.
The root word "philanthropist" means benevolent.### Language Teaching and Learning
The teacher plays a crucial role in language teaching and learning.
The teacher's knowledge of linguistics is essential in teaching a new language learner like Gracia, who has no knowledge of English whatsoever.

Contributions of Linguistics

The reshaping of the teacher's view, attitude, and concept of language and language learning is a helpful contribution of linguistics in teaching a new language learner.
Genre analysis, macro analysis, macro-discourse patterns, and text analysis are concept developments in linguistics that can be consulted from authors such as Michael Hoey, Winifred Crombie, John Swales, and Trimble.

Pedagogical Grammar

Pedagogical grammar, collocational grammar, ergative verbs, and semantic grammar are concept developments in linguistics that can be consulted from authors such as John Austin, John Searle, and Dell Hymes.
Conversational analysis, gambit, adjacency pairs, and speech act theory are concept developments in linguistics that can be consulted from authors such as John Austin, John Searle, and Dell Hymes.

Language Learning

Language learning is a constructive process through which we know and use a language.
Language learning occurs in a natural manner.

Theories of Language Learning

Stephen Krashen's theory states that a student can learn a second language if the language components are not too complex nor too easy.
The natural order hypothesis states that grammatical structure proceeds in a predictable order, that is, some grammatical structures are to be acquired early and the others later.
The affective filter hypothesis points that motivation, self-confidence, and anxiety affect how an individual acquires the language.

Schema Theory

Schema theory describes the way the mind acquires, categorizes, and organizes knowledge.
The components of schema theory include schemata being basic units of knowledge stored in the mind, schemata being linked together to form the schemata, and new information being organized and categorized to be properly integrated into the existing schemata.

Metacognition

Metacognition can be defined as "thinking about thinking."
The essence of metacognition includes reflecting, monitoring, self-questioning, and self-regulating.

Language Teaching Approaches

The audio-lingual approach involves a lot of repetition of the second language grammatical forms especially those that are different from the learner's first language.
The communicative approach emphasizes the use of interaction in the target language and the introduction of authentic texts into a learning situation.
The direct approach never uses the first language because it emphasizes the natural dialogue in the second language.
The cooperative learning approach promotes positive interaction among students.

Cultural Approach

The cultural approach in teaching language involves considering the learner's experiences in learning their own language and culture as a resource for learning a second language.
Much of the students' knowledge of their own culture is embedded in their first language.

Academic Language Scaffolding

Academic language scaffolding involves providing students with second language input that is a little bit beyond their current level.
Dialogue journals create a written conversation between each student and the teacher.

Domain of Language

The domain of language that an individual acquires from 1-2 years is basic interpersonal communication skills (BICS).

Communicative Language Teaching (CLT)

The theoretical framework for Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) includes the idea that the learner's use of second language is the best source for learning the second language.
CLT includes social interaction and socio-cultural theories.

Language Acquisition Device (LAD)

Noam Chomsky's Language Acquisition Device (LAD) has led to an entirely new approach in the field of linguistics: generative phonology and transformational grammar.
The focus of this new approach is on the abstract "deep structure" of individual's native language.

Adaptive Control of Thought (ACT) Model

Anderson's Adaptive Control of Thought (ACT) model has been influential in studies of cognitive development and second language acquisition.
The ACT model applies to the way people learn language as well as other human behavior.
The ACT model is more of informational processing that is based on the belief that all human knowledge can be divided into two irreducible kinds of representations, the declarative knowledge and procedural knowledge.

Behaviorism Theory

The behaviorism theory emphasizes that any human behavior can be learned through a process of stimulus-response and positive or negative reinforcement.

Academic Language Proficiency

Academic language proficiency includes knowledge of the less frequent vocabulary of the target language as well as the ability to interpret and produce increasingly complex written language.
Immigrant students typically require at least 5 years to attain expectations in second language literacy skills.

Sociological Factors in Language Learning

A sociological factor is exercising power by a dominant individual, group, or country.
Power relations in the broader society play a crucial role in students' achievement in school.
Effective education challenges coercive power relations in the broader society by affirming the students' identities at school.

Bilingual Education

The language abilities required for academic success are very different from those operating in everyday conversational context.
Among bilingual children, transfer of academic language proficiency occurs languages when development of literacy in both languages is promoted in the school context.

Language Experience Approach

The language experience approach integrates academic content to classroom activities and to the students' own knowledge and experiences.

Direct Approach

The direct approach emphasizes natural dialogue in the second language.
It is a method based on immersion.
It never uses the first language.
It takes advantage of the kinesthetic memory.### The Mole by Kabawata Yasunari
The story revolves around a woman with a habit of touching her mole.
This habit annoys her husband, leading to marital problems.
The woman cannot explain why she does it, implying a subconscious motivation.

Themes

Marital issues and relationships
Unconscious motivations and habits
The significance of small, seemingly insignificant actions

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Description

This quiz is for English majors reviewing special education concepts, including Individualized Education Programs (IEPs) and remedial instruction. It covers foundation of learning, overcoming learning difficulties, and developing learner potentials.