Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the main focus of classical conditioning according to Ivan Pavlov?
What is the main focus of classical conditioning according to Ivan Pavlov?
- Unconditioned stimulus results in a conditioned response (correct)
- Neutral stimulus evokes a conditioned response
- Positive and negative reinforcement are used as stimuli
- Token economy is the fundamental stimulus
In operant conditioning, what is the key concept introduced by Burrhus Frederic Skinner?
In operant conditioning, what is the key concept introduced by Burrhus Frederic Skinner?
- Unconditioned stimulus resulting in an unconditioned response
- Neutral stimulus leading to a conditioned response
- Token economy as a form of positive reinforcement (correct)
- Equal opportunities for all learners
What is the primary principle behind inclusivity in education?
What is the primary principle behind inclusivity in education?
- Excluding children who cannot take care of themselves
- Providing education only to individuals with similar abilities
- Offering equal opportunities and treatment to all learners (correct)
- Discriminating against learners based on their backgrounds
Which organization promotes inclusive and equitable education for all?
Which organization promotes inclusive and equitable education for all?
According to legal bases of inclusive education, what is defined as a child?
According to legal bases of inclusive education, what is defined as a child?
What does the Convention on the Rights of the Child aim to outline?
What does the Convention on the Rights of the Child aim to outline?
According to the passage, which of the following is a key principle of inclusive education?
According to the passage, which of the following is a key principle of inclusive education?
What is the purpose of the multi-year roadmap required by RA 11650?
What is the purpose of the multi-year roadmap required by RA 11650?
What is the role of a Special Needs Education Teacher according to the passage?
What is the role of a Special Needs Education Teacher according to the passage?
What is a key challenge to the implementation of special education in the Philippines according to the passage?
What is a key challenge to the implementation of special education in the Philippines according to the passage?
According to Piaget's theory of cognitive development, what is the first stage of development?
According to Piaget's theory of cognitive development, what is the first stage of development?
What is the key focus of the Sensorimotor stage in Piaget's theory of cognitive development?
What is the key focus of the Sensorimotor stage in Piaget's theory of cognitive development?
What aspect of development does Lev Vygotsky's Sociocultural Theory emphasize?
What aspect of development does Lev Vygotsky's Sociocultural Theory emphasize?
According to Erik Erikson, what conflict arises during Middle Childhood (3 - 5 years)?
According to Erik Erikson, what conflict arises during Middle Childhood (3 - 5 years)?
Which stage of Erik Erikson's Psychosocial Development focuses on generativity?
Which stage of Erik Erikson's Psychosocial Development focuses on generativity?
In which developmental stage does the Concrete Operational phase fall according to Piaget's theory?
In which developmental stage does the Concrete Operational phase fall according to Piaget's theory?
Which theorist is associated with the concept of Social Learning Theory involving observation, imitation, and modeling?
Which theorist is associated with the concept of Social Learning Theory involving observation, imitation, and modeling?
Which law specifically addresses the rights and welfare of children in conflict with the law?
Which law specifically addresses the rights and welfare of children in conflict with the law?
What concept is central to Jean Lave's Situated Learning Theory?
What concept is central to Jean Lave's Situated Learning Theory?
Which law specifically addresses the protection and welfare of children, including child labor, exploitation, and abuse?
Which law specifically addresses the protection and welfare of children, including child labor, exploitation, and abuse?
Which law aims to remove barriers to education and ensure equal opportunities for persons with disabilities?
Which law aims to remove barriers to education and ensure equal opportunities for persons with disabilities?
Which law recognizes the rights of indigenous people, including their right to education?
Which law recognizes the rights of indigenous people, including their right to education?
Which law aims to reach out to learners who have difficulty accessing traditional schooling due to various reasons, such as geographical location or personal circumstances?
Which law aims to reach out to learners who have difficulty accessing traditional schooling due to various reasons, such as geographical location or personal circumstances?
Which law amended the Magna Carta for Disabled Persons to provide reasonable accommodations and support services for persons with disabilities in educational activities?
Which law amended the Magna Carta for Disabled Persons to provide reasonable accommodations and support services for persons with disabilities in educational activities?
What is the name of the personality disorder associated with the anal stage of psychosexual development?
What is the name of the personality disorder associated with the anal stage of psychosexual development?
Which of Maslow's hierarchy of needs is the highest level of human motivation?
Which of Maslow's hierarchy of needs is the highest level of human motivation?
During which psychosexual stage is the Oedipus complex observed in males?
During which psychosexual stage is the Oedipus complex observed in males?
Which of Havighurst's developmental tasks is associated with the period of early adulthood (19-30 years)?
Which of Havighurst's developmental tasks is associated with the period of early adulthood (19-30 years)?
What is the name of the personality disorder associated with the anal stage of psychosexual development, where the individual is too messy and clumsy?
What is the name of the personality disorder associated with the anal stage of psychosexual development, where the individual is too messy and clumsy?
Which of Maslow's hierarchy of needs is focused on the individual's desire for achievement, competence, and recognition from others?
Which of Maslow's hierarchy of needs is focused on the individual's desire for achievement, competence, and recognition from others?
Study Notes
Human Development
- Middle Age: 30-60 years
- Later Maturity: 60+ years
Classical and Operant Conditioning
- Ivan Pavlov: Classical Conditioning
- Unconditioned stimulus elicits an unconditioned response
- Neutral stimulus elicits no response
- After conditioning, a conditioned stimulus will elicit a conditioned response
- Burrhus Frederic Skinner: Operant Conditioning
- Token economy
- Positive and negative reinforcement, punishment
Philosophical Bases of Inclusive Education
- Inclusivity: providing education to all individuals, regardless of differences or abilities
- Equality: equal opportunities and treatment for all learners, irrespective of their backgrounds
Social Bases of Inclusive Education
- Convention on the Rights of the Child
- Outlines the rights of children, including their right to education
- Non-discrimination, providing the best interests of children, right of children to be heard
- UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization)
- Promotes inclusive and equitable education for all
- Educational policies and programs that address the needs of diverse learners
- EFA (Education For All)
- Advocates the elimination of barriers to education and the provision of inclusive learning environments
- K to 12 Inclusion Policy
- Policies and initiatives aimed at integrating learners with special needs into the K to 12 education system
Legal Bases of Inclusive Education
- A child is someone under the age of 18, or those above that cannot take care of themselves
- RA 11650: Instituting a Policy of Inclusion and Services for Learners with Disabilities in Support of Inclusive Education Act
- Requires the crafting of a multi-year roadmap to guide government agencies and private stakeholders
- The law provides that the multi-year roadmap should contain the current policy, practices, gaps, and challenges affecting the early and basic education of learners with disabilities
Psychological Bases of Inclusive Education
- Jean Piaget: Theory of Cognitive Development
- Sensorimotor (birth – 2 years): object permanence
- Pre-Operational (2 – 7 years): language, symbolic thought
- Concrete Operational (7 – 12 years): logic
- Formal Operational (12 + years): abstract and hypothetical thought
- Albert Bandura: Social Learning Theory
- Observation à imitation à modeling
- Attention à retention à reproduction à motivation
- Lev Vygotsky: Sociocultural Theory
- ZPD (Zone of Proximal Development)
- MKO (More Knowledgeable Other)
- Scaffolding
- Reciprocal teaching
- Jean Lave: Situated Learning Theory
- Importance of experience and practice
- Erik Erikson: Psychosocial Stages of Development
- Infancy (birth – 18 months): trust vs. mistrust; “I am what I am given.”
- Early Childhood (18 months – 3 years): autonomy vs. doubt and shame
- Middle Childhood (3 – 5 years): initiative vs. guilt
- Late Childhood (6 – 11 years): industry vs. inferiority
- Adolescence (12 – 18 years): identity vs. role confusion
- Early Adulthood (18 – 40 years): intimacy vs. isolation
- Mature Adulthood/Middle Age (40 – 65 years): generativity vs. stagnation
- Old Age (65 years – death): integrity vs. despair
- Sigmund Freud: Psychosexual Stages of Development
- Oral (birth – 1 year): mouth; feeding, sucking, and biting
- Anal (1 – 3 years): elimination of body wastes; toilet training
- Phallic (3 – 6 years): genitals; showing, examination, and fondling
- Latency (7 – 12 years): repressed sexual urges because of going to school
- Genital (12 – adulthood): stimulation and use of genitals; satisfaction in sexual relationships
- Abraham Maslow: Hierarchy of Needs
- Transcendence
- Self-actualization
- Aesthetic needs
- Cognitive needs
- Esteem needs
- Belonging needs
- Safety needs
- Physiological needs
- Robert Havighurst: Developmental Task Theory
- Infancy and Early Childhood (birth – 6 years)
- Later Childhood (6 – 13 years)
- Adolescence (13 – 18 years)
- Early Adulthood (19 – 30 years)
Laws and Policies in the Philippines
- The 1987 Philippine Constitution, Article 14 Section 1 and 2
- Legal framework for education in the Philippines
- Establishes the government’s responsibility to ensure accessible and quality education for all citizens
- RA 10533: Enhanced Basic Education Act
- ALS (Alternate Learning System)
- Learners with special needs
- Standards for educational programs and services to cater to diverse learners
- K to 12 implementations
- RA 8371: Indigenous People’s Rights Act
- Recognizes the rights of indigenous people, including education
- PD 603: The Child and Youth Welfare Code
- Protection and welfare of children
- Addresses child labor, exploitation, abuse
- A safe and nurturing environment for children to grow
- RA 7610: Special Protection Against Child Abuse and Exploitation
- Protects children from abuse and exploitation
- RA 9344: Juvenile Justice and Welfare Act
- Rights and welfare of children in conflict of the law
- Rehabilitation and reintegration of juvenile offenders into society
- 15 years old – no criminal liability
- RA 10665: Open High School System Act
- Aims to reach out to learners who have difficulty accessing traditional schooling due to various reasons, including geographical location or personal circumstances
- RA 7277: Rehabilitation, and Integration of Disabled Persons in Mainstream Society or “The Magna Carta for Disabled Persons”
- Importance of removing barriers to education and ensuring equal opportunities for persons with disabilities
- RA 9442: Magna Carta for Disabled Persons (amended RA 7277)
- Provision of reasonable accommodations and support services to enable persons with disabilities to fully participate in educational activities
- 20% discount, ramps, fine for discriminating towards disabled people
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Description
Test your knowledge on Inclusive Education and Special Needs Education in the context of the Philippines. Explore topics such as the right to education, challenges in implementation, and the role of Special Needs Education Teachers.
