4.5 Yoga and Nihonga
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4.5 Yoga and Nihonga

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Questions and Answers

What does Yōga mean in the context of Japanese painting?

  • Ink and water-based painting
  • Western-style painting (correct)
  • Traditional Japanese counterpart of Nihonga
  • Japanese-style painting
  • During which era was the categorization of Yōga and Nihonga established in Japan?

  • Edo period
  • Meiji Restoration era
  • Tokugawa Shogunate era
  • Modernization in nineteenth-century Japan (correct)
  • What materials were typically used by Nihonga artists for their paintings?

  • Sumi ink and water-based paint on washi-paper or silk (correct)
  • Watercolor on canvas
  • Acrylic on wood
  • Oil on canvas
  • Who were the primary maintainers of bijin-ga in the Edo/Tokugawa period?

    <p>Torii Kiyonaga and Kitagawa Utamaro</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What art style emerged as a revival of archaic and native subject matter in the Edo/Tokugawa period?

    <p>Bijin-ga</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterized Nihonga's subject matters?

    <p>Japanese mythological and historical themes, native landscapes, and Buddhist iconography</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What art style in the Meiji period gravitated towards Western techniques and materials?

    <p>Yōga</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artist is considered the father of Yōga?

    <p>Kuroda Seiki</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What led to the decline in the popularity of Yōga in the Meiji period?

    <p>A backlash against intense westernization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Hishida use to create an asymmetrical composition in the painting?

    <p>Leaves, tree trunks, and birds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did Hishida demonstrate his observation of the world around him in the painting?

    <p>Meticulous naturalism in painting the bark and leaves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the detailed textures of the tree trunks gradually indicate as the trees become smaller?

    <p>The illusion of depth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did Hishida balance the relative fullness of distant trees to the left?

    <p>By leaving mainly empty space on the right side</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What anchors the painting as its focal point in the foreground?

    <p>A green sapling with green leaves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Yōga and Nihonga: The Evolution of Japanese Art in the Meiji Period

    • In the early Meiji period, Japan aimed to modernize and emulate the West in various aspects, including the art world.
    • Yōga and Nihonga were born in this historical context, with Yōga representing Japan's more diverse artistic side, gravitating towards Western techniques and materials.
    • Japanese artists in the Yōga style used European art techniques such as oil paint on canvas, ink, pastels, and watercolor to create realistic 2-dimensional pictures.
    • Even before Japan opened to the world in 1854, some artists were already studying Western pictorial representations, as seen in Japanese woodblock prints by Katsushika Hokusai.
    • The government in the Meiji era was eager to adopt Western practices, leading to the establishment of art academies and technical schools to teach Western art and design techniques.
    • A backlash against intense westernization in the 1880s led to the revival of Japanese traditions in art, resulting in Nihonga, and a decline in the popularity of Yōga.
    • Kuroda Seiki, considered the father of Yōga, played a crucial role in revitalizing the style by infusing Japanese elements into Western-style oil paintings.
    • Kuroda's approach signaled the liberation of artistic freedom for Yōga artists, going beyond simply transplanting foreign formal elements.
    • Kuroda's famous painting "Lakeside" features a traditional beauty in a kimono, resonating with the Japanese tradition of Bijin-ga, which depicts images of beautiful women in Japanese art history.
    • "Lakeside" was a far cry from Kuroda's more experimental pieces, but its harmonious blue tonality and traditional subject matter conveyed a completely Japanese feeling, theme, and mood.
    • Kuroda's successful infusion of Japanese aesthetics into Western-style paintings inspired many influential Yōga artists of his generation and beyond.
    • The establishment of Yōga and Nihonga reflects the duality in Japanese painting, showcasing a fluctuation between Japanese tradition and Westernization in search of its modern identity.

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