Edexcel IGCSE Physics - Movement & Position
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Questions and Answers

What does the area under a velocity-time graph represent?

  • Total time taken
  • Total distance travelled (correct)
  • Force acting on the object
  • Acceleration of the object

What must you do first when calculating the total distance from a velocity-time graph?

  • Measure the height of the graph
  • Determine the area under the graph (correct)
  • Count the number of slopes in the graph
  • Identify the total duration of the journey

Which shapes are used to calculate the total distance travelled in the provided example?

  • Rectangles and trapezoids
  • Circles and squares
  • Lines and curves
  • Triangles and rectangles (correct)

How many enclosed areas are identified in the example of the car journey?

<p>Five (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When an object moves with constant acceleration, the velocity-time graph consists of what kind of lines?

<p>Straight lines (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of speed?

<p>The distance traveled every second (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes average speed?

<p>Average speed takes into account the total distance and total time. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the average speed of a hiker if they travel 10 m in 5 seconds?

<p>2 m/s (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the average speed formula rearranged from the formula triangle?

<p>Average speed = distance / time (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If an object travels a distance of 30 m in 10 seconds, what is its average speed?

<p>3 m/s (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does it mean if two quantities in the average speed formula triangle are on the same line?

<p>They are multiplied. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why might knowing an object's average speed be more useful than its instantaneous speed?

<p>Average speed provides a general overview of the journey over time. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common misconception about average speed?

<p>It must be constant throughout the entire motion. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a straight line on a distance-time graph indicate?

<p>The object is moving at a constant speed. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can you determine the speed of an object from its distance-time graph?

<p>By finding the slope of the line. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a flat, horizontal line represent on a distance-time graph?

<p>The object is stationary. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a very steep slope on a distance-time graph indicate about the object's speed?

<p>The object is moving with a large speed. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements regarding distance-time graphs is false?

<p>A shallow slope indicates no movement. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of motion can be directly inferred from the shape of a distance-time graph?

<p>The object's distance from the starting point. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does plotting graphs benefit students in physics?

<p>It improves their ability to visualize motion. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When interpreting a distance-time graph, what does the steepness of the slope indicate?

<p>The speed of the object. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is average speed calculated using the formula triangle?

<p>Distance divided by time (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in solving for distance traveled if average speed and time are known?

<p>List the known quantities (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a plane flies for 2 hours at an average speed of 250 m/s, what is the distance traveled in meters?

<p>1,800,000 m (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why must time be converted when calculating distance using average speed?

<p>To match the units used for speed (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the standard unit for time when calculating distance using the speed formula?

<p>Seconds (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one disadvantage of relying on formula triangles in physics?

<p>They do not work for all equations (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

After listing the known quantities, what is the next logical step to calculate distance in this example?

<p>Rearrange the formula (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct formula to find distance based on average speed and time?

<p>Distance = speed × time (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the independent variable in the investigation of motion?

<p>Distance moved (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which equipment is used to measure the time taken for the object to fall?

<p>Stop watch (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following represents a control variable in the experiment?

<p>Material of the object used (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the method employed to calculate the average speed of an object?

<p>Distance divided by time taken (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a tape measure or metre rule in the experiment?

<p>To measure the distance moved by the falling object (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If you wanted to investigate the motion of a faster object, which would be the most suitable choice?

<p>A marble (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the resolution of the stop clock used in this investigation?

<p>0.01 second (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one disadvantage of measuring speed directly?

<p>It can be prone to human error (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the slope of a velocity-time graph indicate?

<p>The magnitude of acceleration (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which sections of the velocity-time graph is the cyclist accelerating?

<p>Sections B and D (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which section of the graph has the steepest slope?

<p>Section D (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the acceleration calculated using a velocity-time graph?

<p>By calculating the gradient between two points (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula used to calculate acceleration from a gradient?

<p>$a = \Delta y / \Delta x$ (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the calculated acceleration of the cyclist between 5 and 10 seconds?

<p>1 m/s² (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about constant velocity is correct?

<p>Sections where the graph is flat represent constant velocity. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which area of the graph should be used for best accuracy when calculating the gradient?

<p>A large gradient triangle across the entire slope (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Distance-Time Graph

A graph that visualizes the relationship between the distance an object travels in a straight line and the time taken. It shows how far away an object is from its starting point at various times.

Constant Speed on a Distance-Time Graph

A straight line on a distance-time graph indicates that the object is moving at a constant speed.

Slope of a Distance-Time Graph

The slope of a line on a distance-time graph represents the speed of the object. A steeper slope indicates a faster speed.

Horizontal Line on a Distance-Time Graph

A horizontal line on a distance-time graph signifies that the object is stationary, not moving.

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Interpreting Distance-Time Graphs

Distance-time graphs can be used to interpret the speed of an object. A straight line represents constant speed, a steeper slope indicates faster speed, and a flat line indicates the object is stationary.

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Plotting Distance-Time Graphs

Plotting distance-time graphs is a crucial skill in physics to visualize and analyze motion.

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Importance of Distance-Time Graphs

Distance-time graphs are essential for visualizing and understanding the motion of objects, as they provide information about the relationship between distance and time

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Edexcel IGCSE Physics

The Edexcel IGCSE Physics syllabus requires students to understand distance-time graphs and be able to plot them.

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What is speed?

Speed measures how fast an object is moving. It tells us how much distance an object covers in a given time.

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What is average speed?

Average speed is the overall speed of an object over a whole journey. It considers the total distance traveled and the total time taken.

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What is a scalar quantity?

A scalar quantity has only magnitude (size) but no direction.

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How do you calculate average speed?

To calculate average speed, you divide the total distance traveled by the total time taken.

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What is a formula triangle?

A formula triangle is a visual representation of a formula, helping you rearrange equations to solve for different quantities.

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How do you use a formula triangle?

To use a formula triangle, cover up the quantity you want to calculate, then see the relationship of the remaining quantities.

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How do you know when to use average speed?

When an object's speed changes throughout its journey, it's more useful to know its average speed.

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Why is average speed important?

Average speed helps us understand the overall speed of an object, even if its actual speed changes during its journey.

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Formula Triangle

A visual representation of an equation, where variables are arranged in a triangle to help rearrange the equation by covering up the variable you want to calculate.

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Equation Rearrangement

The process of manipulating an equation to isolate the variable you want to solve for.

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Average Speed

The total distance traveled divided by the total time taken.

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Distance, Speed and Time Relationship

The relationship between these three quantities in physics, where distance is directly proportional to both speed and time.

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Units Conversion

The process of transforming a measurement from one unit to another.

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Subject of the Equation

The variable that is being solved for in an equation.

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Formula Triangle for Speed, Distance and Time

A triangle where speed is at the top, distance at the bottom left, and time at the bottom right.

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Using a formula triangle: Example

Covering up the variable 'speed' in the triangle leaves the equation 'distance = speed × time'.

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What does the area under a velocity-time graph represent?

The area under a velocity-time graph represents the distance traveled by an object.

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How to calculate the distance travelled on a velocity-time graph?

To calculate the total distance travelled, you need to determine the area of all enclosed sections under the line of the graph.

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What does a straight line on a velocity-time graph represent?

A straight line on a velocity-time graph indicates constant acceleration.

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How does the slope of a velocity-time graph relate to acceleration?

The slope of a velocity-time graph represents the acceleration of the object. A steeper slope indicates a higher acceleration.

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How do you calculate the distance travelled for a straight line on a velocity-time graph?

For a straight line on a velocity-time graph, the distance travelled can be calculated by determining the area of the enclosed triangle or rectangle.

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What does the slope of a velocity-time graph represent?

The slope of a velocity-time graph represents the magnitude of acceleration. This means that a steeper slope indicates a greater acceleration.

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How to identify sections of acceleration on a velocity-time graph?

Sections with a non-zero slope on a velocity-time graph indicate acceleration. Flat sections represent constant velocity (no acceleration).

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How to find the largest acceleration on a velocity-time graph?

The section with the steepest slope on a velocity-time graph represents the largest magnitude of acceleration.

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What is another name for the slope of a line?

The slope of a line is also known as the gradient. This term is often used in the context of velocity-time graphs.

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How to calculate acceleration from a velocity-time graph?

Calculate the gradient of the velocity-time graph for the relevant time period. This gives the acceleration during that time interval.

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What is a gradient triangle?

A gradient triangle is a visual tool used on a velocity-time graph to calculate the gradient (and therefore, the acceleration) between two points in time.

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What is the formula for calculating acceleration from a gradient triangle?

Acceleration (a) is calculated as the change in velocity (∆y) divided by the change in time (∆x): a = ∆y/∆x

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Why is it helpful to use a large gradient triangle?

Using a large gradient triangle helps to minimize errors in the calculation of the slope and thus, the acceleration. It allows for more precise measurements.

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What is the aim of the motion investigation experiment?

The experiment aims to investigate the motion of everyday objects by measuring their speed. This is done by measuring the distance traveled and the time taken, and then calculating the average speed.

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What are the variables in the motion investigation experiment?

The independent variable is distance (d), the dependent variable is time (t), and control variables include using the same object for each measurement.

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What equipment is needed for the motion investigation experiment?

The experiment requires a paper cone or tennis ball, a stopwatch to measure time taken, and a tape measure or meter rule to measure the distance traveled.

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How do you measure the speed of an object?

Since directly measuring speed is difficult, you can calculate it by dividing the distance traveled by the time taken. This gives you the average speed of the object.

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What are some examples of everyday objects that could be used in the motion investigation experiment?

Examples include a paper cone or a tennis ball. These objects have different air resistance properties, resulting in different speeds when falling.

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What are the limitations of using a stopwatch for measuring time?

The resolution of a typical stopwatch is 0.01 seconds. This means that the measured time can only be accurate to the nearest hundredth of a second. This limitation can affect the accuracy of the calculated speed.

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What is the relationship between distance, time, and speed?

Speed is directly proportional to distance and inversely proportional to time. This means that if distance increases, speed also increases, holding time constant. Conversely, if time increases, speed decreases, holding distance constant.

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What is the importance of controlling variables in the motion investigation experiment?

Controlling variables ensures that any changes observed in the dependent variable (time) are directly caused by changes in the independent variable (distance) and not by other factors. This allows for a reliable and valid investigation.

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Study Notes

Edexcel IGCSE Physics - Movement & Position

  • Distance-Time graphs: Show how distance changes over time for an object moving in a straight line from a starting position.
  • A straight line on a distance-time graph indicates constant speed.
  • The steeper the line, the greater the speed.
  • A horizontal line indicates the object is stationary.
  • A curved line indicates changing speed.
  • Speed: The rate at which an object covers distance.
  • Core Practical: Investigating Motion: An experiment to measure the speed of objects by calculating the distance moved and time taken.
  • This involves measuring distance and time.
  • A paper cone or tennis ball can be used for the object.
  • A stopwatch is used to measure time taken.
  • A tape measure or metre rule is used to measure distance moved.
  • Acceleration: The rate of change of velocity.
  • Acceleration = Change in velocity / Time taken
  • The equation is represented by the gradient of the velocity-time graph.
  • Positive acceleration indicates increasing speed.
  • Negative acceleration indicates decreasing speed (or deceleration).
  • Velocity-Time Graphs: Show how the velocity of an object changes over time.
  • A straight line on a velocity-time graph means constant acceleration.
  • The steeper the line, the greater the acceleration.
  • A horizontal line means constant velocity.
  • The area under a velocity-time graph represents displacement (or distance travelled).
  • Calculating Uniform Acceleration: Calculations to find different parameters related to uniform acceleration without time being known.
  • The equation (final speed)² = (initial speed)² + (2 x acceleration x distance moved) is used. (v² = u² + 2as)

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Edexcel IGCSE Physics Movement & Position PDF

Description

Explore the concepts of movement and position in this Edexcel IGCSE Physics quiz. Understand distance-time graphs, speed, and acceleration, as well as practical experiments to measure motion. Test your knowledge on how objects move in a straight line and analyze various graphical representations.

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