18 Questions
FSH stimulates the production of testosterone in males.
False
In cloning plants using cuttings, the new plant will have a different genetic makeup compared to the parent plant.
False
During the fertilization process, the zygote is formed by the fusion of male and female gametes.
True
Embryo development occurs in the placenta.
False
LH (luteinizing hormone) is responsible for maintaining the uterus lining.
False
Menstrual cycle is regulated by the hormone estrogen only.
False
During meiosis, the resulting cells have double the number of chromosomes compared to the parent cell.
False
Mitosis is a form of cell division that produces genetically different daughter cells.
False
In a monohybrid cross, the organisms involved are homozygous for the trait being investigated.
True
MRNA is formed in the cytoplasm of the cell.
False
Mutagens are chemicals that decrease the frequency of mutations in DNA.
False
The phenotype of an organism is solely determined by its genotype, independent of the environment.
False
Cuttings involve planting a branch from a parent plant in compost after removing the upper leaves.
False
During fertilisation, the nucleus of the male gamete fuses with the nucleus of the female gamete.
True
The hormone responsible for stimulating the growth of follicles in the ovary is Luteinising Hormone (LH).
False
The menstrual cycle involves only the maintenance of the uterus lining and its shedding.
False
Oestrogen is responsible for causing the release of an egg from the ovary during ovulation.
False
Embryo refers to a fully developed organism.
False
Study Notes
Reproduction
- Amniotic fluid: surrounds and protects the embryo in the uterus
- Asexual reproduction: involves a single parent, creating genetically identical offspring
- Cuttings: a method of cloning plants, where a branch is cut from a parent plant and replanted in compost
- Embryo: an unborn organism in an early stage of development
- Fertilisation: the fusion of the nucleus of male and female gametes, restoring the full chromosome number
- Gametes: sex cells (sperm and egg cells) with half the usual number of chromosomes
- Menstrual cycle: a monthly cycle in women involving the development of the uterus lining, ovulation, maintenance of the uterus lining, and its shedding
- Oestrogen: the main female reproductive hormone, released by the ovaries, causing growth and repair of the uterus lining and development of secondary sexual characteristics
- Placenta: a temporary organ attached to the lining of the uterus during pregnancy, providing nutrients to the developing embryo
- Pollination: the transfer of pollen grains from the male part of a plant to a female part, enabling fertilisation
- Progesterone: a hormone produced in the ovaries and placenta, maintaining the uterus lining
- Secondary sexual characteristics: features that appear during puberty, differing between males and females (e.g., voice changes, development of breasts, facial hair)
- Sexual reproduction: involves the fusion of male and female gametes, creating genetic variation
- Testosterone: the main male reproductive hormone, produced by the testes, stimulating sperm production and development of male secondary sexual characteristics
- Zygote: a fertilised egg
Inheritance
- Allele: a version of a gene, causing differences in inherited characteristics (e.g., eye colour)
- Chromosome: a long, coiled molecule of DNA, carrying genetic information in the form of genes
- Meiosis: a form of cell division producing gametes, non-identical cells with half the usual number of chromosomes
- Mitosis: a form of cell division producing two genetically identical daughter cells from one parent cell, involved in repair, growth, cloning, and asexual reproduction
- Monohybrid cross: a cross between two organisms, used to investigate the inheritance of one gene
- Mutation: a random change in DNA, resulting in genetic variants
- Natural selection: the process by which the frequency of advantageous traits passed on in genes gradually increases in a population over time
- Nucleus: an organelle in most eukaryotic cells, containing the genetic material and controlling cellular activities
- Phenotype: an organism's observable characteristics, due to interactions of the genotype and the environment
Study key definitions and concepts related to reproduction and inheritance as per the Edexcel Biology IGCSE syllabus. Learn terms like amniotic fluid, asexual reproduction, and cuttings for plant cloning.
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