Edema: Types and Pathogenesis

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary cause of exudate formation?

  • Low protein content
  • Normal plasma osmotic pressure
  • Increased vascular permeability due to infective process (correct)
  • Reduced hydrostatic pressure

Which condition is most likely to result in reduced plasma osmotic pressure (hypoproteinemia)?

  • Thrombosis
  • Increased renin-angiotensin-aldosterone secretion
  • Protein-losing glomerulopathies (correct)
  • Excessive salt intake with renal insufficiency

What is the common cause of impaired venous return leading to edema?

  • Neoplastic lymphatic obstruction
  • Increased tubular reabsorption of sodium
  • Constrictive pericarditis (correct)
  • Renal hypoperfusion

In which part of the body does edema typically accumulate when there is excessive salt intake with renal insufficiency?

<p>Subcutaneous tissues (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical morphological appearance of edema in the lungs?

<p>Frothy, sometimes blood-tinged fluid (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of pitting oedema?

<p>Increased interstitial fluid volume (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor primarily maintains the constant level of interstitial fluid?

<p>Plasma colloid oncotic pressure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of oedema is associated with an inflammatory response?

<p>Pitting oedema (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary factor influencing fluid movement across capillary walls?

<p>Plasma colloid oncotic pressure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In oedema, impaired removal of interstitial fluid is primarily associated with:

<p>Decreased lymphatic drainage (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Cause of Exudate Formation?

Increased vascular permeability caused by infection.

Cause of Hypoproteinemia?

Conditions where the kidneys leak excessive protein into the urine, reducing plasma protein levels.

Cause of Impaired Venous Return Edema?

Inflammation and thickening of the sac surrounding the heart, restricting venous blood flow.

Edema Location with Salt/Kidney Issues?

Occurs as a result of excessive salt intake combined with the kidney's inability to filter efficiently.

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Appearance of Lung Edema?

Accumulation of frothy fluid, sometimes mixed with blood, in the air spaces of the lungs.

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Cause of Pitting Edema?

Resulting from increased fluid volume in the interstitial space.

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Maintain Interstitial Fluid Constant?

The pressure created by proteins in the plasma, drawing fluid back into the capillaries.

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Type of Edema w/Inflammation?

Associated with increased vascular permeability, leading to fluid leakage into tissues.

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Factor Influencing Capillary Fluid Movement?

The balance between hydrostatic pressure pushing fluid out and oncotic pressure pulling fluid in.

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Impaired Interstitial Fluid Removal?

Edema as a result of blocked or damaged lymphatic vessels.

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