Edema Types and Characteristics
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Questions and Answers

What gait abnormality is associated with foot drop?

  • High stepping gait (correct)
  • Antalgic gait
  • Trendelenburg gait
  • Simmonds triad gait

    • What is the approximate range of ankle dorsiflexion (flexion) during gait assessment?

  • 25°
  • 20° (correct)
  • 30°
  • 15°

    • Which test is positive when the patient is unable to raise or invert during single leg heel raise?

  • Simmonds triad test (correct)
  • Thomson calf squeeze test
  • Trendelenburg test
  • Antalgic test

    • What does the absence of ankle movement during Thomson calf squeeze suggest?

    <p>Achilles tendon rupture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What gait abnormality is characterized by the pelvis dropping on the opposite side to the stance leg due to hip abductor weakness?

    <p>Trendelenburg gait</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component of the introduction phase of ankle and foot examination?

    <p>Asking about previous surgical history</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential cause of swelling in the ankle or hallux?

    <p>Pitting and non-pitting edema</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is flat foot (pes planus) characterized during the inspection of the foot?

    <p>Absence of the normal foot arch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential visual indicator of infection or inflammation during the inspection phase?

    <p>Swelling and redness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the biggest difference between pitting and non-pitting edema?

    <p>The response to pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the expected range of ankle plantar flexion (extension) during the passive movement assessment of the Achilles tendon?

    <p>45º</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which test is used to assess for a suspected Achilles tendon rupture by squeezing the calf to check for ankle movement?

    <p>Thomson calf squeeze</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What gait abnormality is associated with foot drop, often caused by peroneal nerve palsy?

    <p>High stepping gait</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which joint is involved in the Single Leg Heel Raise Test used to assess tibialis posterior dysfunction?

    <p>Ankle joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the expected range of eversion/supination (toes in) during the passive movement assessment of the Achilles tendon?

    <p>20º</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic differentiating pitting edema from non-pitting edema?

    <p>Response to pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the Rearfoot Angle (RFA) measured during gait assessment?

    <p>Using a goniometer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does an RFA of 4° valgus to 4° varus indicate in gait assessment?

    <p>Neutral foot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does increased temperature during gait assessment indicate?

    <p>Septic or inflammatory arthritis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is characterized by the presence of myxoedema and lipoedema in gait assessment?

    <p>Pitting edema</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of assessing the Achilles tendon?

    <p>To look for Achilles tendonitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of pitting edema?

    <p>It leaves a visible indentation when pressure is applied</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common finding in Achilles tendonitis?

    <p>Swelling and redness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How would you measure muscle wasting in the calf during an Achilles tendon assessment?

    <p>Measure at the level of the tibial tuberosity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of haglund's deformity in relation to Achilles tendon assessment?

    <p>It can cause irritation and inflammation of the Achilles tendon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of measuring the Rearfoot Angle (RFA) using a goniometer?

    <p>To assess the alignment of the Achilles tendon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does an RFA measurement of 5° valgus indicate about the foot type?

    <p>Pronated foot type</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Achilles tendon assessment, what does the acute angle between line one and line two signify?

    <p>Rearfoot Angle (RFA)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the non-pitting edema indicate during Achilles tendon assessment?

    <p>Lack of response to pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What gait abnormality is associated with a positive result in Achilles heel raise test?

    <p>Foot drop</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the common site of sprains involving the ligament complex?

    <p>In the medial and lateral ligament complex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic finding when palpating the plantar fascia?

    <p>Focal tenderness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the ankle examination, where should the examiner palpate to detect any discontinuity suggestive of tendon rupture?

    <p>Over the dorsum of the foot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential visual indicator of ligament complex injury during the inspection phase of the examination?

    <p>Swelling and irregularity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which joint is involved in the Single Leg Heel Raise Test used to assess tibialis posterior dysfunction?

    <p>Ankle joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate range of ankle dorsiflexion (flexion) during gait assessment?

    <p>$20º$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common finding in Achilles tendonitis?

    <p>Focal tenderness or swelling suggestive of tendonitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of Haglund's deformity in relation to Achilles tendon assessment?

    <p>Suggests possible Achilles tendon rupture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is flat foot (pes planus) characterized during the inspection of the foot?

    <p>By having a palatable gap</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Gait Abnormalities

    • Foot drop is associated with a gait abnormality.
    • A gait abnormality characterized by the pelvis dropping on the opposite side to the stance leg due to hip abductor weakness is known as a Trendelenburg gait.

    Ankle Dorsiflexion

    • The approximate range of ankle dorsiflexion (flexion) during gait assessment is 10-15°.

    Single Leg Heel Raise Test

    • The Single Leg Heel Raise Test is used to assess tibialis posterior dysfunction.
    • The test is positive when the patient is unable to raise or invert during single leg heel raise.

    Ankle and Foot Examination

    • Absence of ankle movement during Thomson calf squeeze suggests a suspected Achilles tendon rupture.
    • Inspection of the foot for flat foot (pes planus) is characterized by a lack of medial longitudinal arch.
    • A potential visual indicator of infection or inflammation during the inspection phase is erythema.
    • A potential cause of swelling in the ankle or hallux is infection or inflammation.

    Edema

    • The biggest difference between pitting and non-pitting edema is that pitting edema leaves a dent when pressed.
    • Pitting edema is characterized by leaving a dent when pressed, whereas non-pitting edema does not.
    • Non-pitting edema indicates lymphedema.

    Achilles Tendon

    • The purpose of assessing the Achilles tendon is to identify potential injuries or conditions such as Achilles tendonitis.
    • The expected range of ankle plantar flexion (extension) during the passive movement assessment of the Achilles tendon is 40-50°.
    • The expected range of eversion/supination (toes in) during the passive movement assessment of the Achilles tendon is 10-15°.
    • A common finding in Achilles tendonitis is pain and swelling.
    • Muscle wasting in the calf can be measured by comparing the circumference of both calves.
    • Haglund's deformity is significant in relation to Achilles tendon assessment as it can increase the risk of tendon rupture.

    Rearfoot Angle (RFA)

    • The RFA is measured during gait assessment using a goniometer.
    • An RFA of 4° valgus to 4° varus indicates a normal foot type.
    • An RFA measurement of 5° valgus indicates a pronated foot type.

    Other

    • Increased temperature during gait assessment indicates inflammation.
    • The presence of myxoedema and lipoedema characterizes a condition known as hypothyroidism.
    • The common site of sprains involving the ligament complex is the lateral ankle.
    • A characteristic finding when palpating the plantar fascia is tenderness.
    • During the ankle examination, the examiner should palpate the Achilles tendon to detect any discontinuity suggestive of tendon rupture.
    • A potential visual indicator of ligament complex injury during the inspection phase of the examination is swelling.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge about the different types of edema, including pitting and non-pitting edema, myxoedema, lipoedema, and related conditions like unilateral muscle wasting and pes cavus. Learn to differentiate between pitting and non-pitting edema based on their response to pressure.

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