Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following conditions can lead to ischemic necrosis in the liver?
Which of the following conditions can lead to ischemic necrosis in the liver?
- Excessive hydration
- Dehydration
- Severe anemia (correct)
- Increased exercise
What type of blood supply is prevalent in the kidneys?
What type of blood supply is prevalent in the kidneys?
- End arteries (correct)
- Collateral circulation
- Rich interarterial anastomoses
- Parallel arterial system
Which statement about the occlusion rate is accurate?
Which statement about the occlusion rate is accurate?
- Occlusion has no relationship with collateral circulation.
- All occlusions lead to immediate tissue damage.
- Slowly developing occlusions activate alternative pathways. (correct)
- Suddenly developing occlusions are tolerated better.
What occurs microscopically in areas of infarction?
What occurs microscopically in areas of infarction?
What is the primary cause of edema related to increased hydrostatic pressure?
What is the primary cause of edema related to increased hydrostatic pressure?
What type of infarct is characterized by a typical coagulative appearance modified by extensive hemorrhage?
What type of infarct is characterized by a typical coagulative appearance modified by extensive hemorrhage?
Which statement correctly describes the flow of fluid in tissues based on hydrostatic and osmotic pressures?
Which statement correctly describes the flow of fluid in tissues based on hydrostatic and osmotic pressures?
Which type of blood supply allows for bypassing focal areas of occlusion, especially noted in the small intestine?
Which type of blood supply allows for bypassing focal areas of occlusion, especially noted in the small intestine?
Which condition refers to fluid accumulation in tissues due to an imbalance in hydrostatic and osmotic pressures?
Which condition refers to fluid accumulation in tissues due to an imbalance in hydrostatic and osmotic pressures?
What is a thrombus?
What is a thrombus?
Which type of hemorrhage is characterized by pinpoint bleeding and is less than 1mm in size?
Which type of hemorrhage is characterized by pinpoint bleeding and is less than 1mm in size?
What is the primary consequence of thrombosis within the vascular system?
What is the primary consequence of thrombosis within the vascular system?
What is the most common origin of emboli?
What is the most common origin of emboli?
What does embolism refer to?
What does embolism refer to?
Which type of hemorrhage is defined as a diffuse and irregular bleed?
Which type of hemorrhage is defined as a diffuse and irregular bleed?
What is a key factor that influences the significance of hemorrhage?
What is a key factor that influences the significance of hemorrhage?
What primarily leads to the formation of a pulmonary embolus?
What primarily leads to the formation of a pulmonary embolus?
What usually prevents pulmonary infarction in animals without cardiovascular insufficiency?
What usually prevents pulmonary infarction in animals without cardiovascular insufficiency?
What is the primary cause of systemic embolism?
What is the primary cause of systemic embolism?
Which type of infarct occurs due to arterial occlusion in solid tissue?
Which type of infarct occurs due to arterial occlusion in solid tissue?
What occurs when pulmonary emboli lodge in major vessels?
What occurs when pulmonary emboli lodge in major vessels?
What characterizes a pale infarct compared to a red infarct?
What characterizes a pale infarct compared to a red infarct?
Which organ is less commonly associated with systemic embolism?
Which organ is less commonly associated with systemic embolism?
What is the outcome when an embolus occludes smaller pulmonary vessels?
What is the outcome when an embolus occludes smaller pulmonary vessels?
What consequence is associated with insufficient bronchial circulation?
What consequence is associated with insufficient bronchial circulation?
Flashcards
Thrombus
Thrombus
A blood clot that forms inside a blood vessel during life.
Embolism
Embolism
The movement of a foreign body through the circulatory system, usually a detached blood clot, causing an obstruction.
Hemorrhagic Diatheses
Hemorrhagic Diatheses
Bleeding disorders, causing an abnormal tendency to bleed.
Petechiae
Petechiae
Signup and view all the flashcards
Purpura
Purpura
Signup and view all the flashcards
Ecchymosis
Ecchymosis
Signup and view all the flashcards
Hematoma
Hematoma
Signup and view all the flashcards
Pulmonary embolism
Pulmonary embolism
Signup and view all the flashcards
Systemic embolism
Systemic embolism
Signup and view all the flashcards
Where do pulmonary emboli usually originate?
Where do pulmonary emboli usually originate?
Signup and view all the flashcards
Why is lodgement of emboli in major pulmonary vessels commonly fatal?
Why is lodgement of emboli in major pulmonary vessels commonly fatal?
Signup and view all the flashcards
Infarct
Infarct
Signup and view all the flashcards
When are pale infarcts encountered?
When are pale infarcts encountered?
Signup and view all the flashcards
Thromboembolism
Thromboembolism
Signup and view all the flashcards
Where do thrombi usually form?
Where do thrombi usually form?
Signup and view all the flashcards
Infarction
Infarction
Signup and view all the flashcards
Why infarction is uncommon in the liver?
Why infarction is uncommon in the liver?
Signup and view all the flashcards
End artery
End artery
Signup and view all the flashcards
Interarterial anastomoses in the small intestine
Interarterial anastomoses in the small intestine
Signup and view all the flashcards
Collateral circulation
Collateral circulation
Signup and view all the flashcards
Ischemic necrosis
Ischemic necrosis
Signup and view all the flashcards
Reparative process in infarct
Reparative process in infarct
Signup and view all the flashcards
Inflammatory reaction in infarct
Inflammatory reaction in infarct
Signup and view all the flashcards
Edema
Edema
Signup and view all the flashcards
Study Notes
Edema (Oedema)
- Edema is the excessive accumulation of fluid in intercellular (interstitial) tissue spaces or body cavities.
- It can be generalized or localized.
- Anasarca is severe, generalized edema with subcutaneous tissue swelling.
- Types of edema include hydroperitoneum (ascites), hydrothorax, hydropericardium, hydrocephalus, and hydrocele.
- Edema is categorized as inflammatory or non-inflammatory. This summary focuses on non-inflammatory edema.
Pathogenesis of Edema
- Edema arises from increased forces moving fluid from the intravascular to interstitial compartments.
- Starling's forces maintain fluid balance: hydrostatic pressure (pushes fluid out of capillaries) and osmotic pressure (draws fluid back in).
- Fluid escapes at the arterial end due to hydrostatic pressure.
- Fluid returns at the venous end due to osmotic pressure.
- Excess interstitial fluid is drained by lymphatic vessels.
- Edema occurs when hydrostatic pressure increases or osmotic pressure decreases, or lymphatic drainage is impaired.
Hydrostatic Pressure and Osmotic Pressure
- Hydrostatic pressure at the arterial end of capillary: 45 mmHg
- Osmotic pressure at the arterial end of capillary: 30 mmHg
- Net fluid flow into tissues: 15 mmHg
- Osmotic pressure at the venous end of capillary: 30 mmHg
- Hydrostatic pressure at the venous end of capillary: 15 mmHg
- Net fluid flow into vein: 15 mmHg
- Fluid continuously circulates and is drained. There are no accumulations in the interstitial spaces, except in edema.
Mechanisms of Edema Development
- Decreased plasma colloidal osmotic pressure.
- Increased intravascular hydrostatic pressure.
- Lymphatic obstruction.
- Increased microvascular permeability (e.g., inflammatory edema).
- Sodium retention.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
This quiz explores the condition of edema, focusing on its types, causes, and mechanisms. It explains the balance of fluid movement in the body and the roles of hydrostatic and osmotic pressures. Test your knowledge on non-inflammatory edema and its underlying pathophysiological processes.
