K15 Ectoparasites 1
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Questions and Answers

What is the typical length of a Pediculus humanus capitis (Head Lice)?

  • 2.3-3.6 mm
  • 1.1-1.8 mm
  • 5-6 mm
  • 2-3 mm (correct)

    • What is the main mode of transmission of body lice infestations?

  • Through contact with infected animals
  • Through airborne transmission
  • Through contaminated food and water
  • Through close person-to-person contact (correct)

    • What is a common symptom of body lice infestation?

  • Fever and chills
  • Vomiting and diarrhea
  • Intense itching and rash (correct)
  • Headache and fatigue

    • What is the primary characteristic of ectoparasites?

    <p>They remain on the skin for relatively long periods.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about head lice is true?

    <p>Head lice are known to cause intense itching</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class does Fleas, Lice, and Bedbugs belong to?

    <p>Insecta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary habitat of body lice?

    <p>On clothing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the order of Lice?

    <p>Phthiraptera</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential complication of body lice infestation?

    <p>Secondary bacterial infection of the skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between head lice and body lice?

    <p>Their habitat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of insects?

    <p>Chitinous exoskeleton and three pairs of legs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long does it take for itching to appear after a person gets head lice for the first time?

    <p>4-6 weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the body structure of insects?

    <p>Three-part body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are body lice infestations more common in certain populations?

    <p>Due to poor hygiene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary way head lice infestation is spread?

    <p>Through close person-to-person contact</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long can head lice survive if they fall off a person and cannot feed?

    <p>Less than 1-2 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of Arachnida?

    <p>Four pairs of legs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the classification of Lice?

    <p>Kingdom: Animalia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the nickname of pubic lice?

    <p>Crabs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are pubic lice typically spread?

    <p>Through close personal contact</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of Lice?

    <p>Small and wingless</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical symptom of pubic lice infestation?

    <p>Itching in the pubic and groin area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is unique about the front legs of pubic lice?

    <p>They are very large and resemble pincher claws</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is NOT a way that head lice can be spread?

    <p>Through contaminated food and water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary method of treating body lice?

    <p>Improving the personal hygiene of the infested person</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum temperature required to kill lice and eggs when washing clothes?

    <p>130°F</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using a magnifying lens when checking for lice?

    <p>To distinguish lice eggs from other particles found in hair</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of some pediculicides?

    <p>To kill both lice and eggs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of adult bed bugs that have recently fed?

    <p>They are balloon-like and reddish-brown.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to wash and dry hats, scarves, pillowcases, bedding, clothing, and towels?

    <p>To destroy lice and eggs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is unique about the antennae of true bugs?

    <p>They have four parts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended frequency for changing clean clothes worn by the infested person?

    <p>Weekly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the medicinal ingredient used in some lice-killing lotions?

    <p>Permethrin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of Integrated Pest Management (IPM)?

    <p>To use pesticides judiciously and carefully.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended action after vacuuming to reduce bed bug populations?

    <p>Immediately seal and dispose of the vacuum bag.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the FDA-approved medicinal ingredient for treating lice?

    <p>Ivermectin lotion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of young bed bugs (nymphs) when they have not fed recently?

    <p>They are smaller and nearly invisible.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of installing bed bug interceptors?

    <p>To prevent bed bugs from climbing up furniture legs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of bed bug eggs?

    <p>They are pearl-white in color.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is essential for all stages of Cimex spp.?

    <p>Blood meals from warm-blooded hosts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Ectoparasites

    • Ectoparasites are pathogens that infect only the superficial layers of the skin, attaching or burrowing into the skin and remaining there for relatively long periods of time.

    Classification of Ectoparasites

    • Class: Insecta (Fleas, Lice, and Bedbugs)
    • Class: Arachnida (Ticks and Mites)

    Characteristics of Insecta

    • Chitinous exoskeletons
    • Three-part bodies (divided into head, thorax, and abdomen)
    • Three pairs of legs
    • Two antennae

    Lice

    • Kingdom: Animalia
    • Phylum: Arthropoda
    • Class: Insecta
    • Order: Phthiraptera

    Biology of Lice

    • Small, wingless, blood-sucking ectoparasites of mammals and birds
    • Prevalence: Low standard hygiene
    • Infestation: Pediculosis
    • Have humans as their only host
    • Have similar life cycles
    • Morphology: Body Dorso-ventrally flattened, 3 parts: Head - Thorax - Abdomen

    Types of Lice

    • Head lice: Pediculus humanus capitis (2-3 mm long)
    • Body lice: Pediculus humanus corporis (2.3-3.6 mm long)
    • Pubic lice (crabs): Pthirus pubis (1.1-1.8 mm long)

    Body Lice

    • Also known as Pediculus humanus humanus
    • Adult body lice are 2.3–3.6 mm in length
    • Live and lay eggs on clothing and only move to the skin to feed
    • Symptoms: Intense itching and rash caused by an allergic reaction to louse bites
    • Can transmit disease (epidemic typhus, Bartonella quintana infection, and epidemic relapsing fever)

    Head Lice

    • Not known to transmit any disease
    • Symptoms: Itching (“pruritus”) - caused by an allergic reaction to louse bites
    • Infestation: Pediculosis
    • Spread: Close person-to-person contact
    • Not transmitted by animals

    Pubic Lice

    • Pubic (“crab”) lice: Dorsoventrally-flattened
    • Adults are much broader in comparison to head and body lice
    • Second and third legs have a large modified claw with a thumb-like projection, used for grasping on to hair shafts
    • Symptoms: Itching (“pruritus”) in the pubic and groin area
    • Spread: Through sexual contact, close personal contact, or contact with materials used by an infested person

    Treatment of Lice

    • Body Lice: Improve personal hygiene, assure regular change of clean clothes
    • Head Lice: Use pediculicides (medicines that kill lice), routine retreatment recommended
    • Pubic Lice: Use lice-killing lotion containing 1% permethrin or a mousse containing pyrethrins and piperonyl butoxide

    Bedbugs

    • Adult bed bugs: About the size of an apple seed (5-7 mm or 3/16 - 1/4 inch long), brown, with a flat, oval-shaped body
    • Young bed bugs (nymphs): Smaller, translucent or whitish-yellow in color
    • Bed bug eggs: Tiny, pearl-white in color, marked by an eye spot if more than five days old

    Life Cycle of Bedbugs

    • Two species of bed bugs (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cimicidae) implicated in human infestations: Cimex lectularius and C. hemipterus
    • Adults and all nymphal stages need to take blood meals from warm-blooded hosts, typically humans

    Control Measures for Bedbugs

    • Integrated Pest Management (IPM): Environmentally sensitive approach to pest management that relies on knowledge of the pest and a combination of common-sense practices
    • Environmental Modification: Vacuuming, sealing cracks, using barriers, and judicious use of pesticides if needed

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    Description

    Learn about ectoparasites, including lice, fleas, and bedbugs, and their impact on human health. This quiz covers the general introduction to ectoparasites and their types.

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