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Questions and Answers
What is an ecosystem composed of?
Which of the following is NOT a type of ecosystem?
What is the role of decomposers in an ecosystem?
Which ecosystem service is responsible for providing food and water?
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What is an example of a biotic factor in an ecosystem?
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What is the term for the process by which nutrients are circulated through an ecosystem?
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What is the primary function of a beam in a structural system?
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What is the effect of tension on a material?
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What is the result of compression on a material?
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What is the effect of torsion on an object?
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What type of beam is supported at both ends?
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What type of force causes an object to deform by bending or curving?
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What is the effect of bending on a material?
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What is a common cause of torsion in an object?
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Study Notes
Ecosystems of Planet Earth
What is an Ecosystem?
- A community of living and non-living things interacting with each other in a specific environment
- Includes plants, animals, microorganisms, soil, water, air, and sunlight
Types of Ecosystems
-
Terrestrial Ecosystems
- Forests
- Grasslands
- Deserts
- Tundras
-
Freshwater Ecosystems
- Rivers
- Lakes
- Wetlands
-
Marine Ecosystems
- Coral reefs
- Estuaries
- Open ocean
-
Artificial Ecosystems
- Agricultural ecosystems
- Urban ecosystems
Components of an Ecosystem
-
Biotic Factors
- Producers (plants, algae, phytoplankton)
- Consumers (herbivores, carnivores, omnivores)
- Decomposers (bacteria, fungi)
-
Abiotic Factors
- Light
- Temperature
- Water
- Soil
- Atmosphere
Ecosystem Services
-
Supporting Services
- Nutrient cycling
- Soil formation
- Oxygen production
-
Provisioning Services
- Food
- Water
- Medicine
-
Regulating Services
- Climate regulation
- Pest control
- Natural hazard regulation
-
Cultural Services
- Recreation
- Tourism
- Spiritual values
Ecosystems of Planet Earth
What is an Ecosystem?
- A community of living and non-living things interacting with each other in a specific environment
- Includes plants, animals, microorganisms, soil, water, air, and sunlight
Types of Ecosystems
- Terrestrial Ecosystems: Forests, Grasslands, Deserts, Tundras
- Freshwater Ecosystems: Rivers, Lakes, Wetlands
- Marine Ecosystems: Coral reefs, Estuaries, Open ocean
- Artificial Ecosystems: Agricultural ecosystems, Urban ecosystems
Components of an Ecosystem
Biotic Factors
- Producers: plants, algae, phytoplankton
- Consumers: herbivores, carnivores, omnivores
- Decomposers: bacteria, fungi
Abiotic Factors
- Light
- Temperature
- Water
- Soil
- Atmosphere
Ecosystem Services
Supporting Services
- Nutrient cycling
- Soil formation
- Oxygen production
Provisioning Services
- Food
- Water
- Medicine
Regulating Services
- Climate regulation
- Pest control
- Natural hazard regulation
Cultural Services
- Recreation
- Tourism
- Spiritual values
Structures and Forces
Beam Design
- Beams resist loads perpendicular to their longitudinal axis and can be horizontal or sloping.
- Simply supported beams are supported at both ends, while cantilever beams are fixed at one end and free at the other.
- Overhanging beams extend beyond their support at one or both ends.
- Beam design involves selecting the appropriate material, shape, and size to resist various types of loads.
Forces
Tension
- Tension is a force that stretches or pulls a material apart, causing it to increase in length and reduce in cross-sectional area.
- External forces, such as pulling or stretching, and internal forces, such as thermal expansion, can cause tension.
- Tension can cause material failure, such as fracture or yielding.
Compression
- Compression is a force that squeezes or presses a material together, causing it to decrease in length and increase in cross-sectional area.
- External forces, such as pushing or squeezing, and internal forces, such as thermal contraction, can cause compression.
- Compression can cause material failure, such as buckling or crushing.
Torsion
- Torsion is a twisting force that causes an object to rotate around its longitudinal axis, resulting in deformation and stress concentrations.
- External forces, such as torque or twisting moment, and internal forces, such as uneven heating or cooling, can cause torsion.
- Torsion can cause material failure, such as cracking or fracture.
Bending
- Bending is a force that causes an object to deform by bending or curving, resulting in curvature and deformation.
- External forces, such as transverse loads or point loads, and internal forces, such as residual stresses, can cause bending.
- Bending can cause material failure, such as cracking or fracture.
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Description
Learn about the different types of ecosystems, including terrestrial, freshwater, marine, and artificial ecosystems, and how living and non-living components interact within them.
