Ecosystem Services and Biodiversity Strategies

To ensure supply and set restoration targets based on actual supply data.

They are quick, easy, consistent, and can be combined with socio-economic variables across all scales.

They are constrained by available data and lack fine resolution.

<p>It disregards management and spatial context, making it less applicable in diverse settings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To represent environmental processes such as water regulation and carbon storage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It utilizes local knowledge by involving community members in mapping their experiences.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It focuses on perceived environmental experiences and emotional qualities projected onto the environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It helps to formulate effective biodiversity strategies and restoration targets tailored to specific needs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Complementarity refers to the extent to which an area contributes unrepresented features to an existing network of protected areas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It implies that adding more of a resource may not necessarily lead to better outcomes or increased satisfaction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Irreplaceability is defined as the importance of a specific area for the efficient achievement of conservation objectives.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Endemism signifies the degree to which species in an area are unique to that area, highlighting the area's biodiversity value.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>MRUS is the extent to which one good can be substituted for another while maintaining the same level of utility.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>WTP is the Willingness to Pay for a good, while WTA is the Willingness to Accept compensation for income loss after a decline.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Threat refers to the degree to which an area is endangered or at risk due to human activities or environmental changes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The shift occurred from using Ecosystem Services (ESs) to using Nature's Contributions to People (NCPs).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Revealed preferences and stated preferences are two primary valuation methods.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A key critique is that it is too human-centric and does not sufficiently account for non-human perspectives.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Existence value is the satisfaction derived from knowing that ecosystems and biodiversity exist, regardless of their use.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The TEEB framework focuses on the supply side of ecosystem services, with the main critique being its lack of attention to demand-side factors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bequest value pertains to the satisfaction of ensuring ecosystems will be available for future generations, while altruistic value focuses on providing for the enjoyment of current generations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Meta-analysis helps in obtaining and explaining value estimates from existing literature for better decision-making.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Frameworks have evolved from purely utilitarian and human-centric models to more holistic and flexible approaches.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Measuring allows comparisons, facilitates communication, and supports informed decision-making regarding resource management.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is imperfect, but currently the best available method.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>CV is used to ask willingness to pay (WTP) or willingness to accept (WTA) when no market exists.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Warm glow, where individuals feel good about giving, causing them to exaggerate their contributions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Choice experiments are considered more intuitive and less prone to hypothetical bias.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Defining the problem is a critical first step in the research design process.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>If respondents believe the question is legitimate, they may feel compelled to overstate their donation amounts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Higher income and education levels can lead to increased willingness to pay or overstate contributions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They describe the characteristics of choices and how these vary in the presented scenarios.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It values an ecosystem service based on the cost of replacing it with an artificial alternative.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are simple to apply and relatively inexpensive.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It may be difficult to control for all factors influencing house prices.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Estimates may be low if the ecosystem service is considered unimportant.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>TCM requires comprehensive data on the travel patterns of visitors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It examines the implicit prices of non-marketed ecosystem services reflected in real estate prices.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Finding exact replacements for ecosystem services is often very difficult.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It applies standard economic techniques to measure value accurately.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Higher levels of ecosystem services may incur higher costs for additional improvements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Revealed behavior reflects actual choices made by individuals, providing more accurate data.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Answers are hypothetical and may not reflect true behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They require complex data collection, statistical analysis, and modeling.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The goal is to derive values from the trade-offs respondents make among different scenarios.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It's difficult to define and measure the opportunity cost of time accurately.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The presence of substitutes may decrease the perceived value of the original site.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Respondents may misunderstand or find the scenarios unconvincing, leading to biased answers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The degree to which a protected area provides unique features not found in other protected areas.

How important a specific area is for achieving conservation goals efficiently.

The extent to which species found in an area are unique to that area.

The degree to which an area is under threat from human activities or natural events.

The economic or ecological costs associated with protecting an area.

A framework that emphasizes the benefits of nature to people, focusing on the services nature provides, such as clean water and air.

A framework that acknowledges the interconnectedness of people and nature, emphasizing respect for the natural world.

A simplified model or structure designed to help achieve a specific goal, often in the context of understanding the relationship between humans and natural systems.

The impact of pollinator decline on crop yields, measured by the level of dependence of each crop on pollinators.

A method for mapping ecosystem services using readily available land cover and land use data. Experts use their knowledge to link these land types to the services they provide.

A tool used to estimate ecosystem services based on land type. It categorizes different land types and their associated services.

A drawback of the Matrix approach because it fails to consider the specific circumstances of a location, such as the type of land management and the local environment.

A method for mapping ecosystem services by representing the processes that create those services, such as water regulation or carbon storage.

A way to map ecosystem services by incorporating local knowledge and experiences. Researchers involve local communities to identify and map areas providing important services.

A method for mapping ecosystem services based on people's subjective perceptions and emotional responses to the environment.

A method for obtaining information from the environment that goes beyond visual observations, taking into account factors such as the context, processes, and management practices.

The point at which adding more of a good or service leads to smaller and smaller increases in satisfaction or benefit.

The ability to substitute one good for another while maintaining the same level of satisfaction or utility.

The change in utility or benefit from a very small change in a good or service.

The amount someone is willing to pay for a good or service.

The amount of compensation someone would require to accept a loss of a good or service.

Methods that use actual behavior to estimate the value of goods and services.

Methods that use hypothetical behavior to estimate the value of goods and services, often used for non-market values.

The satisfaction derived from knowing that a good or service exists and will continue to exist, regardless of use.

Estimating the worth of an ecosystem service based on its cost to replace it with a human-made alternative.

Evaluating the value of an ecosystem service by directly calculating the avoided damage from its loss.

A method that uses the price of real estate to infer the value of non-marketed ecosystem services.

Using people's travel patterns to a recreational site to estimate the value of the services it provides.

This method assumes that if people are willing to pay for a replacement service or to avoid damage, the natural service must be worth at least that cost.

Indirect market valuation methods rely on the price of related goods or services to infer the value of the ecosystem service.

Estimating the value of an ecosystem service based on the cost of preventing its deterioration.

A method for valuing things that don't have a clear market price, like clean air or biodiversity. It involves asking people how much they would be willing to pay or accept for changes to those things.

A type of valuation method that asks people to make choices between different options, revealing their preferences and willingness to pay for specific benefits.

A graphical representation of different combinations of two goods that a person can consume, showing their preferences and the trade-offs they are willing to make.

The tendency for respondents in contingent valuation surveys to overstate their willingness to pay, potentially stemming from factors like a feeling of doing good, social expectations, or a perceived legitimacy of the question.

The emotional satisfaction people experience from giving to a cause, which can lead to overstating their willingness to pay in valuation surveys.

The belief that other people will donate or pay a certain amount, which can influence a respondent's own willingness to pay in valuation surveys.

A method for valuing ecosystem services based on how much people are willing to pay for a positive change or accept for a negative change in an ecosystem service, even in a hypothetical scenario.

This method uses surveys to ask people about their hypothetical willingness to pay for environmental goods and services.

A valuation method that allows individuals to choose between different options, each with different environmental and economic attributes, revealing their preferences for environmental goods and services.

CEM involves presenting respondents with a set of choices that include different levels of environmental goods and services, and associated costs.

This method uses actual behavior to estimate the value of non-market goods and services. It assumes the value of a good or service is reflected in how much people are willing to pay in terms of time, effort, and money to access or use it.