Economy and Society

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What does the substantive meaning of economy refer to?

The cultural values of non-capitalist societies

The way society addresses its material needs (correct)

The analysis of market-dominated societies

The study of utility maximization in economic systems

How does Polanyi categorize societies based on economic behavior?

Into pre-industrial and industrial societies

Into Western and Non-Western societies (correct)

Into developed and underdeveloped societies

Into capitalist and socialist societies

What is the primary purpose of production in non-capitalist, preindustrial societies?

For political and economic gain

For exchange and profit

For cultural and religious purposes

For subsistence and social relationships (correct)

What is the key concept in Substantivism?

Embeddedness Signup and view all the answers

Why do substantivists reject the cross-cultural application of formal economic models?

Because they do not consider social relationships and cultural values Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of pre-industrial social systems?

They do not have exclusive economic institutions Signup and view all the answers

What do advocators of culturalism strictly oppose?

The formalist notion of universal application of Western economic models Signup and view all the answers

According to Gudeman, how should anthropologists approach the economy of their study groups?

By seeking to understand and interpret local models Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of culturalism in the study of economic behavior?

Local mental maps of economy and its various aspects Signup and view all the answers

What do substantivists focus on as their unit of analysis?

Institutions Signup and view all the answers

What do culturalists lean towards in their analyses of local communities?

Detailed and comprehensive analyses Signup and view all the answers

What criticism does Gudeman have of the substantivist position?

It imposes a universal model of economics on all preindustrial societies Signup and view all the answers

Which social class, according to Marx, owns the means of production?

Bourgeoisie Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary means of change in society, according to Marx?

Conflict Signup and view all the answers

Which group of people is characterized by begging, pickpocketing, and other illegal activities?

Lumpen proletariat Signup and view all the answers

What is the predicted outcome of the internal tensions within the capitalist system, according to Marx?

Self-destruction and replacement by socialism Signup and view all the answers

Which social class is characterized by owning no other resources than their labor power?

Proletariat Signup and view all the answers

What is the main goal of the bourgeoisie, according to Marx?

To run the economy purely for their own benefit Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of Substantivist analyses of the economy?

The study of various social institutions on which people's livelihoods are based Signup and view all the answers

According to Prattis, what is a limitation of Substantivist approaches?

They make a strict distinction between preindustrial and modern economies Signup and view all the answers

What is a common critique of Substantivist approaches to economics?

They are unable to make cross-cultural generalizations Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a condition that exists across different societies, according to Plattner?

Conditions of resource scarcity Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of a socially embedded economy, according to Substantivist approaches?

The influence of social and cultural values on economic activity Signup and view all the answers

What is a criticism of Substantivist approaches raised by Plattner?

They neglect the possibility of cross-cultural generalizations Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the superstructure in Marxist theory?

To justify and defend the power of the elite Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a component of the superstructure?

Means of production Signup and view all the answers

What role does education play in Marxist theory, according to Antonio Gramsci?

Training people to obediently serve in their designated roles Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of religious ideology in Marxist theory?

To urge people to work hard for salvation Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the base and the superstructure in Marxist theory?

The superstructure grows out of the base Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the state, or political apparatus, in Marxist theory?

To protect the interests of the elite Signup and view all the answers