Economy and Society
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Questions and Answers

What does the substantive meaning of economy refer to?

  • The cultural values of non-capitalist societies
  • The way society addresses its material needs (correct)
  • The analysis of market-dominated societies
  • The study of utility maximization in economic systems

    • How does Polanyi categorize societies based on economic behavior?

  • Into pre-industrial and industrial societies
  • Into Western and Non-Western societies (correct)
  • Into developed and underdeveloped societies
  • Into capitalist and socialist societies

    • What is the primary purpose of production in non-capitalist, preindustrial societies?

  • For political and economic gain
  • For exchange and profit
  • For cultural and religious purposes
  • For subsistence and social relationships (correct)

    • What is the key concept in Substantivism?

    <p>Embeddedness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do substantivists reject the cross-cultural application of formal economic models?

    <p>Because they do not consider social relationships and cultural values</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of pre-industrial social systems?

    <p>They do not have exclusive economic institutions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do advocators of culturalism strictly oppose?

    <p>The formalist notion of universal application of Western economic models</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Gudeman, how should anthropologists approach the economy of their study groups?

    <p>By seeking to understand and interpret local models</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of culturalism in the study of economic behavior?

    <p>Local mental maps of economy and its various aspects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do substantivists focus on as their unit of analysis?

    <p>Institutions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do culturalists lean towards in their analyses of local communities?

    <p>Detailed and comprehensive analyses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What criticism does Gudeman have of the substantivist position?

    <p>It imposes a universal model of economics on all preindustrial societies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which social class, according to Marx, owns the means of production?

    <p>Bourgeoisie</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary means of change in society, according to Marx?

    <p>Conflict</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group of people is characterized by begging, pickpocketing, and other illegal activities?

    <p>Lumpen proletariat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the predicted outcome of the internal tensions within the capitalist system, according to Marx?

    <p>Self-destruction and replacement by socialism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which social class is characterized by owning no other resources than their labor power?

    <p>Proletariat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main goal of the bourgeoisie, according to Marx?

    <p>To run the economy purely for their own benefit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of Substantivist analyses of the economy?

    <p>The study of various social institutions on which people's livelihoods are based</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Prattis, what is a limitation of Substantivist approaches?

    <p>They make a strict distinction between preindustrial and modern economies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common critique of Substantivist approaches to economics?

    <p>They are unable to make cross-cultural generalizations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a condition that exists across different societies, according to Plattner?

    <p>Conditions of resource scarcity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of a socially embedded economy, according to Substantivist approaches?

    <p>The influence of social and cultural values on economic activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a criticism of Substantivist approaches raised by Plattner?

    <p>They neglect the possibility of cross-cultural generalizations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the superstructure in Marxist theory?

    <p>To justify and defend the power of the elite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component of the superstructure?

    <p>Means of production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does education play in Marxist theory, according to Antonio Gramsci?

    <p>Training people to obediently serve in their designated roles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of religious ideology in Marxist theory?

    <p>To urge people to work hard for salvation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the base and the superstructure in Marxist theory?

    <p>The superstructure grows out of the base</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the state, or political apparatus, in Marxist theory?

    <p>To protect the interests of the elite</p> Signup and view all the answers

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