Economies of Scale and Specialization Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is one of the advantages of increased scale according to the text?

  • Decreased economies of scale
  • Less learning and automation
  • Greater task specialization (correct)
  • Higher costs for market leaders

How does division of labor contribute to economies of specialization?

  • It reduces task specialization
  • It promotes learning and assists automation (correct)
  • It has no impact on economies of specialization
  • It hinders learning and automation

In which industries are economies of specialization particularly important, according to the text?

  • Healthcare and retail
  • Investment banking and software development (correct)
  • Construction and hospitality
  • Agriculture and manufacturing

What is the basis of the experience curve according to the text?

<p>Learning-by-doing (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the sources of cost advantage related to specialization?

<p>Standardization of Designs &amp; Components (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does specialization contribute to cost efficiency in production?

<p>By achieving economies of scale (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor related to specialization can lead to residual efficiency and cost advantage?

<p>Corporate Culture (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of specialization, what contributes to cost advantage by reducing unnecessary expenses?

<p>Business Process Reengineering (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which company achieved cost leadership in personal computers during the 1990s through the reconfiguration of the industry’s traditional value chain?

<p>Dell (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Ford's moving assembly line achieve in terms of reducing the time taken to assemble a Model T?

<p>Reduced from 106 hours to 6 hours (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which company invested $40 billion on new process technology between 1979 and 1986 with the goal of becoming the world’s most efficient manufacturer of automobiles?

<p>General Motors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were the major efficiency gains from improved processes likely to come from, according to the text?

<p>Process redesign without significant technological innovation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about firms delivering higher scores on most elements of value?

<p>They demonstrate significantly higher revenue growth rates (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Bain's B2B value drivers focus on, based on the text?

<p>Increasing cost efficiency in manufacturing processes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How have Amazon's value drivers changed over time, according to the text?

<p>They have shifted focus from 'Quality' to other elements of value (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do consumers tend to be willing to pay for, based on the text?

<p>Firms that deliver more elements of value (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What advantage do firms delivering higher scores on most elements of value stand to gain, according to the text?

<p>Higher revenue growth rates (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of value creation, what is a value proposition?

<p>A statement that summarizes why a customer should buy a company’s product or use its service (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor influences how much of the value created by the firm can be captured by it?

<p>The activities carried out by the company (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What connects Indian Oil and Apollo Hospital Enterprises Ltd.in the Nifty 50 index?

<p>They both have a Unique Value Proposition (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between Economic Value Added (EVA) and Customer Willingness to Pay (WTP)?

<p>$WTP - EVA = Consumer Surplus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does division of labor contribute to value creation and capture?

<p>It leads to residual efficiency and cost advantage (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Carlos Ghosn achieve in his first year as CEO of Nissan Motor?

<p>Reduced the company's operating costs by 20% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of management systems and company values at Walmart, IKEA, Ryanair, and Amazon?

<p>Elimination of excess costs and promotion of frugality (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the value chain represent in terms of a firm's activities?

<p>Stages of production from raw materials to final product (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the value chain, what does 'Inbound Logistics' involve?

<p>Receiving and warehousing of raw materials (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is central to capturing the created value in a firm's value chain?

<p>Taking control of key value chain activities (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of advertising campaigns in conveying the value proposition?

<p>To convey the set of value drivers underlying the value proposition (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of value propositions, what do advertising campaigns aim to inform customers about?

<p>How the product creates value compared to rivals and substitutes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three questions that a value proposition aims to answer?

<p>Which customers? What needs? What relative price? (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key purpose of a value proposition?

<p>To drive up firm revenues (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do firms arrive at the appropriate value proposition over time?

<p>Through trial and error, learning, and perfecting (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of advertising campaigns in conveying the value proposition for firms?

<p>To highlight the set of value drivers underlying the value proposition (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do firms arrive at the appropriate value proposition over time, according to the text?

<p>By 'learning', 'figuring out', and 'perfecting' them over time (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three questions that a value proposition aims to answer, as mentioned in the text?

<p>Which customers? Which needs? What relative price? (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is central to capturing the created value in a firm's value chain, as per the text?

<p>Optimizing operational efficiency and reducing costs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the elements that each advertising campaign highlights, as per the text?

<p>Set of value drivers underlying the value proposition (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which industries are economies of specialization particularly important, according to the text?

<p>Technology industries with rapid innovation cycles (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What impact did Boeing's efforts to boost output during 2006–2011 have on unit costs?

<p>Increased unit costs due to overtime pay, premiums for night and weekend shifts, and increased defects (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was required for survival in hard-hit sectors like house building, construction equipment, and retailing during the 2008–2009 recession?

<p>Fast response to declining demand (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are residual efficiencies related to, according to the text?

<p>The extent to which the firm approaches its efficiency frontier of optimal operation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do excess costs have a propensity to accumulate within, according to the text?

<p>Corporate headquarters (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the basis of residual efficiency and cost advantage?

<p>Approaching the efficiency frontier of optimal operation and eliminating organizational slack (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was announced by Caterpillar on the same day it reported a downturn in its quarterly sales during the 2008–2009 recession?

<p>Cutting 20,000 jobs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the company's strategy to drive down firm costs?

<p>Emphasizing deep-discounting and reducing expenses (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How has the company aimed to 'Reduce Anxiety' for customers?

<p>By overhauling its interface and offering favorable return policies (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be inferred about the impact of the company's reduced focus on 'Rewards Me' in 2018?

<p>It cut down on free coupons and cashbacks (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How has the company aimed to make the right product 'easily' available to customers?

<p>By overhauling its interface (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What has been the impact of Amazon's specific expenses related to 'Reduce Anxiety' in 2018?

<p>They have come down in 2018 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be inferred about the impact of cutting back on free coupons and cashbacks?

<p>It resulted in higher expenses for customers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between higher scores on most elements of value and revenue growth rates, according to the text?

<p>Firms with higher scores on most elements of value demonstrate significantly higher revenue growth rates (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What impact do firms delivering the higher scores on most elements of value have on their market shares, according to the text?

<p>A significant improvement in market shares over a period of time (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What changed about Amazon's Value Drivers over time, based on the text?

<p>Amazon's Value Drivers shifted from under-delivering on 'Quality' to over-delivering on 'Quality' (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does delivering more elements of value impact customer willingness to pay, according to the text?

<p>It leads to an increase in customer willingness to pay (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do firms that deliver more elements of value stand to gain, based on the text?

<p>A significant gain in market share compared to other firms (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of delivering higher scores on most elements of value on customer willingness to pay, as per the text?

<p>A significant increase in customer willingness to pay (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did Ford’s moving assembly line contribute to cost advantage?

<p>It reduced the time taken to assemble a Model T from 106 hours to six hours, resulting in significant efficiency gains (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What major efficiency gains did Dell achieve during the 1990s?

<p>Cost leadership in personal computers through reconfiguration of the industry’s traditional value chain (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which company's system of lean production combined several work practices leading to cost advantage?

<p>Toyota (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did General Motors achieve through spending $40 billion on new process technology between 1979 and 1986?

<p>Goal of becoming the world’s most efficient manufacturer of automobiles (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What contributes to huge cost economies according to the text?

<p>Major efficiency gains from improved processes through process redesign without significant technological innovation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a key factor in Dell's cost leadership in personal computers during the 1990s?

<p>'s system of lean production combining several work practices (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the company's strategy to drive down firm costs?

<p>Focusing on deep-discounting and value driver 'Reduces Cost' (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be inferred about the impact of the company's reduced focus on 'Rewards Me' in 2018?

<p>It contributed to cutting down on free coupons and cashbacks (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which area has the company aimed to make significant improvements to reduce customer effort and time, as mentioned in the text?

<p>Overhauling its interface (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of advertising campaigns in conveying the value proposition for firms, as per the text?

<p>To communicate the value drivers underlying the value proposition (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do value propositions aim to answer, as mentioned in the text?

<p>Which needs and relative price are relevant to customers? (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of delivering higher scores on most elements of value on customer willingness to pay, as per the text?

<p>Customer willingness to pay increases significantly (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are residual efficiencies related to, according to the text?

<p>Reducing unnecessary expenses through specialization (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two tests of a good strategy mentioned in the text?

<p>Unique Value Proposition and Tailored Value Chain (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'Economic Value Added (EVA)' represent according to the text?

<p>The value a company adds by generating a return on capital that exceeds the cost of that capital (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for 'Value Created to Customer' as per the text?

<p>$$f (Value Proposition + Value Chain Activities)$$ (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do the activities carried out by the company help it create and deliver according to the text?

<p>Value Proposition to Customers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of the firm's decisions also influences how much of the value created by the firm can be captured by it?

<p>Tailored Value Chain (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the basis for capturing the created value in a firm's value chain according to the text?

<p>Tailored Value Chain (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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