Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary purpose of an appraisal?
What is the primary purpose of an appraisal?
- To determine the sale price of a property
- To provide a market analysis of a particular area
- To estimate the value of a property for a specific purpose (correct)
- To inspect the condition of a property
What is an appraisal report?
What is an appraisal report?
- A report setting forth the estimate and conclusions of value (correct)
- A marketing brochure for a property
- A contract between a buyer and a seller
- A document stating the value of a property
Why is an appraisal usually required?
Why is an appraisal usually required?
- When a property is being inherited
- When a real property is sold, financed, condemned, taxed, insured, or partitioned (correct)
- When a property is being rented
- When a property is being renovated
What is the definition of an appraisal?
What is the definition of an appraisal?
What is the role of a licensed Real Estate Appraiser?
What is the role of a licensed Real Estate Appraiser?
What is an estimate in the context of appraisal?
What is an estimate in the context of appraisal?
What is the purpose of an appraisal for income tax purposes?
What is the purpose of an appraisal for income tax purposes?
What is the outcome of valuing a property?
What is the outcome of valuing a property?
What is the primary goal of an appraisal in real estate practice?
What is the primary goal of an appraisal in real estate practice?
What is the purpose of re-appraisal in real estate?
What is the purpose of re-appraisal in real estate?
What is an independent appraisal in real estate?
What is an independent appraisal in real estate?
What is mass appraisal in real estate?
What is mass appraisal in real estate?
What is a mass appraisal model in real estate?
What is a mass appraisal model in real estate?
What is asset valuation in real estate?
What is asset valuation in real estate?
What is business valuation in real estate?
What is business valuation in real estate?
What is the primary requirement of an independent appraiser?
What is the primary requirement of an independent appraiser?
What is the term for a transaction between knowledgeable and capable parties who are not under pressure?
What is the term for a transaction between knowledgeable and capable parties who are not under pressure?
Which concept states that no two lots have the same value, even if they are adjacent to each other?
Which concept states that no two lots have the same value, even if they are adjacent to each other?
What is the loss in value due to impairment of physical condition?
What is the loss in value due to impairment of physical condition?
What is the value of a property estimated by observing completed transactions involving a large degree of amenities or other personal and unpredictable factors?
What is the value of a property estimated by observing completed transactions involving a large degree of amenities or other personal and unpredictable factors?
What is the process of adjusting the value of a comparable property to match the property being appraised?
What is the process of adjusting the value of a comparable property to match the property being appraised?
What is the period during which a property can be profitably used or is expected to generate more income than operating expenses?
What is the period during which a property can be profitably used or is expected to generate more income than operating expenses?
What is the cost of replacing an asset or property with an equally satisfactory substitute asset or property?
What is the cost of replacing an asset or property with an equally satisfactory substitute asset or property?
What is the cost of creating a virtual replica of an existing structure or property, employing the same design and similar materials?
What is the cost of creating a virtual replica of an existing structure or property, employing the same design and similar materials?
What is one of the purposes of an appraisal in financing?
What is one of the purposes of an appraisal in financing?
What is the 'D' in the DUST characteristics of value?
What is the 'D' in the DUST characteristics of value?
What is an example of political forces that affect appraisal?
What is an example of political forces that affect appraisal?
What is the purpose of an appraisal in partition and distribution of estate?
What is the purpose of an appraisal in partition and distribution of estate?
What is an example of economic forces that affect appraisal?
What is an example of economic forces that affect appraisal?
What is the purpose of an appraisal for indemnification?
What is the purpose of an appraisal for indemnification?
What is the principle that states that when two or more commodities with substantially the same utility are available, the one with the lowest price receives the greatest demand?
What is the principle that states that when two or more commodities with substantially the same utility are available, the one with the lowest price receives the greatest demand?
What is the 'U' in the DUST characteristics of value?
What is the 'U' in the DUST characteristics of value?
What is the value realized from the disposition of a property in a relatively short period of time assuming a desired use?
What is the value realized from the disposition of a property in a relatively short period of time assuming a desired use?
What is another purpose of an appraisal in real estate?
What is another purpose of an appraisal in real estate?
Which theory of value emphasizes the supply and demand factor?
Which theory of value emphasizes the supply and demand factor?
What is the purpose of appraisal in real estate?
What is the purpose of appraisal in real estate?
Which principle is related to the net income remaining after the cost of labor, capital, and coordination have been paid?
Which principle is related to the net income remaining after the cost of labor, capital, and coordination have been paid?
Which theory of value emphasizes the subjective desires of the buyer as a factor in value?
Which theory of value emphasizes the subjective desires of the buyer as a factor in value?
What is the value of a property that is sold lower than its market value?
What is the value of a property that is sold lower than its market value?
Which theory of value laid the foundation of today's concept of economic rent?
Which theory of value laid the foundation of today's concept of economic rent?
A Business Valuer/Appraisal is a person who performs a valuation of a business, business ownership interest, security and/or intangible assets.
A Business Valuer/Appraisal is a person who performs a valuation of a business, business ownership interest, security and/or intangible assets.
Land and/or building improvements, including rights and interest therein refers to Personal Property.
Land and/or building improvements, including rights and interest therein refers to Personal Property.
The date of appraisal is insignificant because economic, physical and governmental condition changes do not affect the value of real or personal property.
The date of appraisal is insignificant because economic, physical and governmental condition changes do not affect the value of real or personal property.
Estate refers to the totality of the liabilities owned by a person.
Estate refers to the totality of the liabilities owned by a person.
Fair Market Value is the lowest monetary price a property has at a reasonable period of time.
Fair Market Value is the lowest monetary price a property has at a reasonable period of time.
Real Estate refers to the land and all the permanent improvements thereunder.
Real Estate refers to the land and all the permanent improvements thereunder.
Estate refers to all the property either real or personal, owned by a corporation.
Estate refers to all the property either real or personal, owned by a corporation.
Fair Market Value is used as a basis of determining insurance premiums.
Fair Market Value is used as a basis of determining insurance premiums.
An appraisal is a process of estimating the value of a property as of a specific date and for a specific purpose.
An appraisal is a process of estimating the value of a property as of a specific date and for a specific purpose.
A licensed Real Estate Appraiser can provide an estimate of the value of a property, but not a professional opinion.
A licensed Real Estate Appraiser can provide an estimate of the value of a property, but not a professional opinion.
An appraisal is required only when a real property is sold or financed.
An appraisal is required only when a real property is sold or financed.
An appraisal report is a document that sets forth the estimate and conclusions of value.
An appraisal report is a document that sets forth the estimate and conclusions of value.
The purpose of an appraisal is to determine the value of a property for a specific purpose, such as income tax purposes.
The purpose of an appraisal is to determine the value of a property for a specific purpose, such as income tax purposes.
An appraisal is the same as a valuation, and the terms are interchangeable.
An appraisal is the same as a valuation, and the terms are interchangeable.
An appraisal can be performed by anyone, regardless of their qualifications or expertise.
An appraisal can be performed by anyone, regardless of their qualifications or expertise.
An appraisal is a statement of value, determination of value, and fixing of value.
An appraisal is a statement of value, determination of value, and fixing of value.
An arms-length transaction is a transaction between parties who are not knowledgeable or capable.
An arms-length transaction is a transaction between parties who are not knowledgeable or capable.
Heterogeneity principles state that two adjacent lots have the same value.
Heterogeneity principles state that two adjacent lots have the same value.
Physical depreciation is the increase in value due to the improvement of physical condition.
Physical depreciation is the increase in value due to the improvement of physical condition.
Capricious value is derived by observing completed transactions involving a large degree of amenities or other personal and unpredictable factors.
Capricious value is derived by observing completed transactions involving a large degree of amenities or other personal and unpredictable factors.
Reconciliation in appraisal is the process of adjusting the value of a comparable property to match the property being appraised.
Reconciliation in appraisal is the process of adjusting the value of a comparable property to match the property being appraised.
Remaining economic life refers to the period during which a property cannot be profitably used.
Remaining economic life refers to the period during which a property cannot be profitably used.
Replacement cost is the cost of creating a virtual replica of an existing structure or property, employing the same design and similar materials.
Replacement cost is the cost of creating a virtual replica of an existing structure or property, employing the same design and similar materials.
Reproduction cost is the cost of replacing an asset or property with an equally satisfactory substitute asset or property.
Reproduction cost is the cost of replacing an asset or property with an equally satisfactory substitute asset or property.
Appraisal is used to determine just compensation for property being expropriated by the government or public utilities.
Appraisal is used to determine just compensation for property being expropriated by the government or public utilities.
The primary purpose of an appraisal is to maximize the utilization of a property.
The primary purpose of an appraisal is to maximize the utilization of a property.
Economic forces that affect appraisal include the nature of basic industry and business activity in the neighborhood.
Economic forces that affect appraisal include the nature of basic industry and business activity in the neighborhood.
The principle of appraisal that states that no two lots have the same value, even if they are adjacent to each other, is called the 'D' in the DUST characteristics of value.
The principle of appraisal that states that no two lots have the same value, even if they are adjacent to each other, is called the 'D' in the DUST characteristics of value.
Partition and distribution of estate is an example of political forces that affect appraisal.
Partition and distribution of estate is an example of political forces that affect appraisal.
The 'U' in the DUST characteristics of value stands for 'Utility', which refers to the ability of the property to satisfy human needs.
The 'U' in the DUST characteristics of value stands for 'Utility', which refers to the ability of the property to satisfy human needs.
Appraisal is used to determine the value of a property for purposes of sales, purchases, exchanges, and leases of real property.
Appraisal is used to determine the value of a property for purposes of sales, purchases, exchanges, and leases of real property.
The purpose of an appraisal is limited to financing and taxation purposes only.
The purpose of an appraisal is limited to financing and taxation purposes only.
The Principle of Utility states that a commodity with a higher price receives the greatest demand and the widest distribution.
The Principle of Utility states that a commodity with a higher price receives the greatest demand and the widest distribution.
The Cost Theory of Adam Smith emphasizes the supply and demand factor in determining value.
The Cost Theory of Adam Smith emphasizes the supply and demand factor in determining value.
The Theory of the Austrian School relates to the relationship between market price and value under conditions of balanced supply and demand.
The Theory of the Austrian School relates to the relationship between market price and value under conditions of balanced supply and demand.
Forced Sale Value is the value realized from the disposition of a property over a relatively long period of time.
Forced Sale Value is the value realized from the disposition of a property over a relatively long period of time.
The Labor Theory of Marx states that value is a mere congelation of homogeneous human labor.
The Labor Theory of Marx states that value is a mere congelation of homogeneous human labor.
The Social Theory of Mill emphasizes the subjective desires of the buyer as a factor in value.
The Social Theory of Mill emphasizes the subjective desires of the buyer as a factor in value.
The Principle of Surplus Productivity relates to the net income remaining after the cost of labor, capital, and coordination have been paid.
The Principle of Surplus Productivity relates to the net income remaining after the cost of labor, capital, and coordination have been paid.
The Physiocrats' Theory of Value laid the foundation of today's concept of economic profit.
The Physiocrats' Theory of Value laid the foundation of today's concept of economic profit.
The principle of Highest and Best Use refers to the ______ use of the property at the time of appraisal.
The principle of Highest and Best Use refers to the ______ use of the property at the time of appraisal.
The Principle of Regression is an appraisal principle which holds that the value of a property tends to be ______ by association with inferior or superior properties.
The Principle of Regression is an appraisal principle which holds that the value of a property tends to be ______ by association with inferior or superior properties.
The principle of Substitution is based on a ______ property, which tends to be indicated by the value of an equally desirable substitute.
The principle of Substitution is based on a ______ property, which tends to be indicated by the value of an equally desirable substitute.
The value of a component is measured by how much it contributes to the ______ of the property.
The value of a component is measured by how much it contributes to the ______ of the property.
The principle of Consistent Use is a factor where the property cannot be valued on the basis of one use for ______ and another use of improvements.
The principle of Consistent Use is a factor where the property cannot be valued on the basis of one use for ______ and another use of improvements.
The Principle of Supply and Demand is the factor where the value is increased if ______ is reduced by effective demand, resulting in scarcity.
The Principle of Supply and Demand is the factor where the value is increased if ______ is reduced by effective demand, resulting in scarcity.
The highest and best use of a property is the use that will likely produce the ______ present value.
The highest and best use of a property is the use that will likely produce the ______ present value.
The principle of Substitution tends to be indicated by the value of an equally desirable ______.
The principle of Substitution tends to be indicated by the value of an equally desirable ______.
A Business Valuer/Appraisal is a person who by education, training and experience is qualified to perform a valuation of a business, business ownership interest, security and/or _______ assets.
A Business Valuer/Appraisal is a person who by education, training and experience is qualified to perform a valuation of a business, business ownership interest, security and/or _______ assets.
Land and/or building improvements, including rights and interest therein refers to _______ Estate or Real Property.
Land and/or building improvements, including rights and interest therein refers to _______ Estate or Real Property.
Estate refers to the totality of the assets owned by a person, which include _______ and personal properties and the interest thereof.
Estate refers to the totality of the assets owned by a person, which include _______ and personal properties and the interest thereof.
Fair Market Value – is the highest monetary price a property has at a reasonable period of time, which the seller is willing to sell and the buyer is willing to _______.
Fair Market Value – is the highest monetary price a property has at a reasonable period of time, which the seller is willing to sell and the buyer is willing to _______.
Real Estate refers to the _______ and all the permanent improvements thereon.
Real Estate refers to the _______ and all the permanent improvements thereon.
Fair Market Value is used as a basis of determining _______ taxes.
Fair Market Value is used as a basis of determining _______ taxes.
Estate refers to all the _______ either real or personal, owned by a natural or juridical person.
Estate refers to all the _______ either real or personal, owned by a natural or juridical person.
Fair Market Value is the highest monetary price a property has at a reasonable period of time, which the seller is willing to sell and the buyer is willing to _______.
Fair Market Value is the highest monetary price a property has at a reasonable period of time, which the seller is willing to sell and the buyer is willing to _______.
In real estate practice, _______________ is an estimate or opinion of value arrived at by a licensed Real Estate Appraiser.
In real estate practice, _______________ is an estimate or opinion of value arrived at by a licensed Real Estate Appraiser.
Re-_______________ validates and updates the appraisal values of lot and housing unit.
Re-_______________ validates and updates the appraisal values of lot and housing unit.
_______________ Appraisal is estimate of property value performed by an independent person or disinterested party.
_______________ Appraisal is estimate of property value performed by an independent person or disinterested party.
Mass Appraisal is the practice of appraising multiple properties by a systematic and uniform application of appraisal method and techniques that allows for statistical review and analysis of results at a particular _______________.
Mass Appraisal is the practice of appraising multiple properties by a systematic and uniform application of appraisal method and techniques that allows for statistical review and analysis of results at a particular _______________.
Asset Valuation refers to valuation of _______________, buildings and other rights.
Asset Valuation refers to valuation of _______________, buildings and other rights.
Business Valuation refers to the act of arriving at an opinion or estimation of the value of a business or entity or an interest _______________.
Business Valuation refers to the act of arriving at an opinion or estimation of the value of a business or entity or an interest _______________.
An _______________ Appraiser is a person who meets the specific requirements of independence, which may be attached to many assignments and are applied by regulation or by law with some clients.
An _______________ Appraiser is a person who meets the specific requirements of independence, which may be attached to many assignments and are applied by regulation or by law with some clients.
Mass Appraisal Model is a mathematical expression of how supply and demand factors inter-act in a _______________.
Mass Appraisal Model is a mathematical expression of how supply and demand factors inter-act in a _______________.
Marginal Land is land which barely pays the cost of working on it or using it, and is also known as land which is ________________
Marginal Land is land which barely pays the cost of working on it or using it, and is also known as land which is ________________
The income approach to value is based primarily on the economic principle of ________________
The income approach to value is based primarily on the economic principle of ________________
Market Value is the amount for which a property would sell if put on the open market and sold in the manner it is ordinarily sold, allowing a reasonable time to find and familiarize a purchaser with the property's uses and ________________
Market Value is the amount for which a property would sell if put on the open market and sold in the manner it is ordinarily sold, allowing a reasonable time to find and familiarize a purchaser with the property's uses and ________________
An Over Improvement is an improvement which is not suitable to the site where it is placed due to excessive ________________
An Over Improvement is an improvement which is not suitable to the site where it is placed due to excessive ________________
Net Operating Income (NOI) is the net income derived from gross income after deducting the property ________________ and reserves
Net Operating Income (NOI) is the net income derived from gross income after deducting the property ________________ and reserves
A Real Estate Dealer refers to any person directly engaged as a principal in the business of buying, selling or exchanging real estate property whether on a full time or part time ________________
A Real Estate Dealer refers to any person directly engaged as a principal in the business of buying, selling or exchanging real estate property whether on a full time or part time ________________
The Recapture Rate is the return of the capital over the economic ________________ of the property
The Recapture Rate is the return of the capital over the economic ________________ of the property
Fractional Appraisal is an appraisal of portion or fractional ________________ in real estate
Fractional Appraisal is an appraisal of portion or fractional ________________ in real estate
The primary purpose of an appraisal is to secure a ______________ using the property as collateral.
The primary purpose of an appraisal is to secure a ______________ using the property as collateral.
One of the purposes of an appraisal is to effect an equitable distribution of ______________ among heirs or co-owners.
One of the purposes of an appraisal is to effect an equitable distribution of ______________ among heirs or co-owners.
An appraisal is used as a basis of fair assessment or for ______________ government assessment of estate and donors.
An appraisal is used as a basis of fair assessment or for ______________ government assessment of estate and donors.
The principle of ______________ in appraisal refers to the ability of the property to satisfy human needs.
The principle of ______________ in appraisal refers to the ability of the property to satisfy human needs.
Political forces that affect appraisal include the degree of efficiency in the maintenance of ______________ and order.
Political forces that affect appraisal include the degree of efficiency in the maintenance of ______________ and order.
Economic forces that affect appraisal include the nature of basic ______________ and business activity in the neighborhood.
Economic forces that affect appraisal include the nature of basic ______________ and business activity in the neighborhood.
One of the purposes of an appraisal is to maximize the ______________ of property by considering maximum returns.
One of the purposes of an appraisal is to maximize the ______________ of property by considering maximum returns.
The 'D' in the DUST characteristics of value refers to ______________ demand or purchasing value.
The 'D' in the DUST characteristics of value refers to ______________ demand or purchasing value.
Match the following purposes of appraisal with their descriptions:
Match the following purposes of appraisal with their descriptions:
Match the following characteristics of value with their descriptions:
Match the following characteristics of value with their descriptions:
Match the following forces that affect appraisal with their descriptions:
Match the following forces that affect appraisal with their descriptions:
Match the following purposes of appraisal with their descriptions:
Match the following purposes of appraisal with their descriptions:
Match the following terms with their descriptions:
Match the following terms with their descriptions:
Match the following purposes of appraisal with their descriptions:
Match the following purposes of appraisal with their descriptions:
Match the following characteristics of value with their descriptions:
Match the following characteristics of value with their descriptions:
Match the following forces that affect appraisal with their descriptions:
Match the following forces that affect appraisal with their descriptions:
Match the following purposes of appraisal with their descriptions:
Match the following purposes of appraisal with their descriptions:
Match the following terms with their descriptions:
Match the following terms with their descriptions:
Study Notes
Fundamentals of Real Estate Appraisal
- Appraisal is the professional service performed by a licensed Real Estate Appraiser, estimating and rendering an expert opinion on real estate values.
- Appraisal is the act of determining the value of a property as of a specific date for a specific purpose.
- Appraisal is usually required when a real property is sold, financed, condemned, taxed, insured, or partitioned.
Principles of Appraisal
- Appraisal is the process of making an estimate of the value of any assets/property in accordance with generally accepted standards on a given date.
- Appraisal is an estimate or process through which conclusions of property value are obtained.
- Appraisal is the result of valuing a property, making a cost estimate, forecasting earnings, or any combination of two or more stated results.
Types of Appraisal
- Re-Appraisal: validates and updates the appraisal values of lot and housing unit.
- Independent Appraisal: an estimate of property value performed by an independent person or disinterested party.
- Mass Appraisal: the practice of appraising multiple properties by a systematic and uniform application of appraisal methods and techniques.
- Mass Appraisal Model: a mathematical expression of how supply and demand factors interact in a market.
Real Estate Valuation
- Asset Valuation: the valuation of land, buildings, and business or an entity or an interest therein.
- Business Valuation: the act of arriving at an opinion or estimation of the value of a business or entity or an interest therein.
Appraisal Concepts
- Arms Length Transaction: a transaction between parties who are knowledgeable, capable, and not under pressure.
- Betterment: an improvement that adds to the value of real estate, such as sidewalks, sewerage, etc.
- Heterogeneity Principles: states that no two lots have the same value although they may be adjacent to each other.
- Physical Depreciation: the loss in value due to impairment of physical condition.
- Capricious Value: value estimate derived by observing completed transactions involving a large degree of amenities or other personal and unpredictable factors.
- Component Value: value of those components created by the separation of the property interest.
Appraisal Methods
- Reconciliation: the adjustment process between comparable property utilities equivalent to that of being appraised.
- Replacement Cost: the cost of replacing an asset/property with an equally satisfactory substitute asset/property.
- Reproduction Cost: the cost to create a virtual replica of the existing structure/property, employing the same design and similar materials.
Principles of Value
- Principles of Surplus Productivity: net income remaining after the cost of labor, capital, and coordination have been paid.
- Principle of Utility: the meeting of desires and needs.
- Evolution of Value Theories: includes the Austrian School, Cost Theory, Scarcity Theory, Labor Theory, Theories of the Mercantilist, and Social Theory.
Purpose of Appraisal
- For Financing: to secure a loan using the property as collateral.
- For Partition and Distribution of Estate: to affect an equitable distribution of properties among heirs or co-owners.
- For Taxation: used as a basis for fair assessment or for contesting government assessment of estate and donors.
- For Indemnification: to determine just compensation for property being expropriated by the government or public utilities.
- To Maximize Utilization of Property: by considering maximum returns.
- As a Guide in Pricing: for purposes of sales, purchases, exchanges, and leases of real property.
Characteristics of Value
- Effective Demand or Purchasing Value: refers to desires, coupled with the financial capacity of the buyer to acquire a piece of real property.
- Utility: the ability of the property to satisfy human needs.
Factors Affecting Appraisal
- Political Forces: government-based, including the degree of efficiency in the maintenance of peace and order and the effort of providing essential services.
- Economic Forces: includes the nature of basic industry and business activity in the neighborhood, trend of employment, and expansion of housing programs.
Fundamentals of Real Estate Appraisal
Definition of Appraisal
- Appraisal is the professional service performed by a licensed Real Estate Appraiser based on a defined standard.
- It refers to the acts of estimating and rendering an expert opinion pertaining to real estate values.
- Appraisal is the act of determining the value of a property as of a specific date for a specific purpose.
Role of Appraiser
- A Business Valuer/Appraisal is a person who, by education, training, and experience, is qualified to perform a valuation of a business, business ownership interest, security, and/or intangible assets.
Real Estate and Real Property
- Real Estate or Real Property refers to land and/or building improvements, including rights and interest therein.
- Estate refers to the totality of assets owned by a person, which include real and personal properties and the interest thereof.
Fair Market Value
- Fair Market Value is the highest monetary price a property has at a reasonable period of time, which the seller is willing to sell and the buyer is willing to buy.
- It is used as a basis of determining property taxes.
Types of Value
- Capricious Value: value estimate derived by observing completed transactions involving a large degree or amenities or other personal and unpredictable factors.
- Component Value: value of those components, created by the separation of the property interest.
Appraisal Process
- Reconciliation is the adjustment process between comparable property utilities equivalent to that of being appraised but constructed with modern materials and according to the current standards, design, and layout.
- Remaining Economic Life refers to the remaining period during which a property can be profitably used or the period during which a building is expected to generate more income than operating expenses.
Cost and Value
- Replacement Cost: the cost of replacing an asset/property with an equally satisfactory substitute asset/property; normally derived from the current acquisition cost of similar assets, new or used, or of an equivalent productive capacity or service potential.
- Reproduction Cost: the cost to create a virtual replica of the existing structure/property, employing the same design and similar materials.
Principles of Appraisal
- Principle of Surplus Productivity: net income remaining after the cost of labor, capital, and coordination have been paid.
- Principle of Utility: the meeting of desires and needs.
Evolution of Value Theories
- Theory of Austrian School: relationship of market price and value; normal value under conditions of balanced supply and demand.
- Cost Theory of Adam Smith: objective; value in use.
- Scarcity Theory of Malthus: emphasized the supply and demand factor.
- Labor Theory of Marx: value is a mere congelation of homogeneous human labor.
Purpose of Appraisal
- For Financing: to secure a loan using the property as the collateral, which is based on the appraised value of the property.
- For Partition and Distribution of Estate: to an effect an equitable distribution of properties among heirs or co-owners.
- For Taxation: used as a basis of fair assessment or for contesting government assessment of estate and donors.
Characteristics of Value
- Effective Demand or Purchasing Value: refers to desires, coupled with the financial capacity of the buyer to acquire a piece of real property.
- Utility: the ability of the property to satisfy human needs.
Factors/Forces that Affect Appraisal
- Political Forces: government-based, including the degree of efficiency in the maintenance of peace and order, and the effort of providing essential services.
- Economic Forces: includes the nature of basic industry and business activity in the neighborhood, trend of employment, and expansion of housing programs.
Principles of Property Valuation
- The principle of contribution measures the value of a component by its contribution to the property's volume.
- The principle of consistent use states that a property cannot be valued based on one use for land and another use for improvements.
Supply and Demand
- The principle of supply and demand states that the value of a property increases if supply is reduced by effective demand, resulting in scarcity.
Highest and Best Use
- The principle of highest and best use is the most profitable and likely use of the property at the time of appraisal, producing the land's highest present value.
- It is the first necessary consideration in studying a tract of land to estimate its value.
Regression
- The principle of regression states that the value of a property tends to be adversely affected or enhanced by association with inferior or superior properties.
Substitution
- The principle of substitution states that a property's value is indicated by the value of an equally desirable substitute.
Appraisal Definitions
- Appraisal is an estimate or opinion of value arrived at by a licensed real estate appraiser who has the necessary competence, skills, integrity, sound judgment, experience, and in-depth study, analysis, and interpretation of pertinent data bearing on values.
- Independent appraisal is an estimate of property value performed by an independent person or disinterested party, usually made by a licensed appraiser.
- Mass appraisal is the practice of appraising multiple properties by a systematic and uniform application of appraisal methods and techniques.
- Business valuation refers to the act of arriving at an opinion or estimation of the value of a business or entity or an interest therein.
Real Estate Definitions
- Real estate refers to the totality of assets owned by a person, which include real and personal properties and the interest thereof.
- Estate refers to all the property, either real or personal, owned by a natural or juridical person.
- Fair market value is the highest monetary price a property would get if exposed for sale in the open market, allowing a reasonable time to find a purchaser who buys with knowledge of all the uses which the property is capable of.
Income Approach
- The income approach to value is based primarily on the economic principle of anticipation.
- Net operating income (NOI) is the net income derived from gross income after deducting property operating expenses and reserves.
Other Concepts
- Over improvement refers to an improvement that is not suitable to the site where it is placed due to excessive size or cost.
- Matched pair refers to two recently sold properties selected for their similarities, which may be compared to determine the value of dissimilarities.
- Recapture rate is the return of the capital over the economic life of the property.
Principles of Property Valuation
- The principle of contribution measures the value of a component by its contribution to the property's volume.
- The principle of consistent use states that a property cannot be valued based on one use for land and another use for improvements.
Supply and Demand
- The principle of supply and demand states that the value of a property increases if supply is reduced by effective demand, resulting in scarcity.
Highest and Best Use
- The principle of highest and best use is the most profitable and likely use of the property at the time of appraisal, producing the land's highest present value.
- It is the first necessary consideration in studying a tract of land to estimate its value.
Regression
- The principle of regression states that the value of a property tends to be adversely affected or enhanced by association with inferior or superior properties.
Substitution
- The principle of substitution states that a property's value is indicated by the value of an equally desirable substitute.
Appraisal Definitions
- Appraisal is an estimate or opinion of value arrived at by a licensed real estate appraiser who has the necessary competence, skills, integrity, sound judgment, experience, and in-depth study, analysis, and interpretation of pertinent data bearing on values.
- Independent appraisal is an estimate of property value performed by an independent person or disinterested party, usually made by a licensed appraiser.
- Mass appraisal is the practice of appraising multiple properties by a systematic and uniform application of appraisal methods and techniques.
- Business valuation refers to the act of arriving at an opinion or estimation of the value of a business or entity or an interest therein.
Real Estate Definitions
- Real estate refers to the totality of assets owned by a person, which include real and personal properties and the interest thereof.
- Estate refers to all the property, either real or personal, owned by a natural or juridical person.
- Fair market value is the highest monetary price a property would get if exposed for sale in the open market, allowing a reasonable time to find a purchaser who buys with knowledge of all the uses which the property is capable of.
Income Approach
- The income approach to value is based primarily on the economic principle of anticipation.
- Net operating income (NOI) is the net income derived from gross income after deducting property operating expenses and reserves.
Other Concepts
- Over improvement refers to an improvement that is not suitable to the site where it is placed due to excessive size or cost.
- Matched pair refers to two recently sold properties selected for their similarities, which may be compared to determine the value of dissimilarities.
- Recapture rate is the return of the capital over the economic life of the property.
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Description
This quiz covers fundamental principles of economics, including the concept of substitution and surplus productivity. It tests understanding of microeconomic theories and their applications.
