Podcast
Questions and Answers
Before the invention of money, civilizations primarily engaged in?
Before the invention of money, civilizations primarily engaged in?
Taxation during the pre-colonial era was done in cash.
Taxation during the pre-colonial era was done in cash.
False
What became the trading currency during the rise of merchants?
What became the trading currency during the rise of merchants?
gold
The Age of Economic Cooperation saw the emergence of the European Union (__).
The Age of Economic Cooperation saw the emergence of the European Union (__).
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What is the new normal post-Covid-19 pandemic?
What is the new normal post-Covid-19 pandemic?
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What has the Covid-19 pandemic impacted in terms of social interaction?
What has the Covid-19 pandemic impacted in terms of social interaction?
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Due to colonization, many trademark __________ of nations have spread worldwide.
Due to colonization, many trademark __________ of nations have spread worldwide.
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Match the following major religions with their country/culture of origin:
Match the following major religions with their country/culture of origin:
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What are some benefits of the EU Integration mentioned in the text?
What are some benefits of the EU Integration mentioned in the text?
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The ASEAN Integration mentioned in the text is currently in its full stage.
The ASEAN Integration mentioned in the text is currently in its full stage.
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What cultures are heavily influenced by Hinduism?
What cultures are heavily influenced by Hinduism?
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In general, Eastern culture is a ________-dominated culture.
In general, Eastern culture is a ________-dominated culture.
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What is the main culture mentioned in the text that is considered unique from Far East culture?
What is the main culture mentioned in the text that is considered unique from Far East culture?
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Study Notes
Economic Globalization
- In the pre-colonial era, economic systems evolved from simple hunting and gathering to agricultural economies, where wealth was measured by the number of sheep or cattle one had.
- Barter trade was practiced, where goods were exchanged for other goods.
- The invention of taxation led to the rise of merchants, who became wealthy social classes.
- The Age of Ancient Empires saw kingdoms invading other kingdoms for economic gains, and wealth was measured by the amount of gold, treasures, agricultural produce, and slaves.
- Money was invented later, and gold became a trading currency.
Economic Systems During Colonialism
- The Age of Mercantilism saw people operating in small concentric circles of trade, with the "Golden Rule" being "he who has the gold, is the one who rules."
- European kingdoms tried to accumulate as much gold as possible, leading to the Age of Discovery, where their operations widened to intercontinental trade.
- Empires became the "center" of the economy, and the overseas colonies became the "periphery" or the sources of raw materials.
- The Industrial Revolution led to Europe becoming the center of economic power, with the "periphery" remaining poor.
Post-Colonial Era
- After World War 2, the Western Powers gave independence to their colonies, but the old economic order remained.
- The 1st World (formerly the Western Powers) continued to flourish economically, while the 3rd World (formerly the colonies) struggled to improve economically.
- The 3rd World countries still exported raw materials to their former colonizers, and in return, received finished products.
- The IMF and WB loaned money to the 3rd World countries, leading to an imbalance where the "center" became richer, and the "periphery" remained poor.
The New World Order
- The 2nd World, or the communist bloc, traded only among themselves.
- The big communist countries exported to smaller communist states, including military hardware.
- With the collapse of communism in the 1990s, the labeling of countries as 1st, 2nd, and 3rd World became outdated.
- The labeling system evolved to "Developed" and "Developing" countries, and later to "Global North" and "Global South."
The Age of Economic Cooperation
- The European Union (EU) was formed, allowing for the relaxation of trade restrictions and the use of a common currency.
- The Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) was formed, allowing Arab states to control the prices of petroleum products worldwide.
- The Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) operates similarly to the EU, with the relaxation of tariffs among member countries.
Cultural Globalization
- The ASEAN Integration aims to create an EU-like set-up in Southeast Asia, but it is still in its early stages.
- The K12 Program was instituted to allow for the seamless transfer of students from one ASEAN state to another.
- The demarcation line between East and West is in Jerusalem, with the West being Europe and America, and the East being Asia.
- The Middle East and Far East are also referred to as the "Near East" and "The Orient," respectively.
Eastern Culture
- Eastern culture is heavily influenced by Taoism, Buddhism, and Confucianism.
- The Far East culture includes China, Japan, Korea, and Southeast Asia.
- The Middle East culture is heavily influenced by Islam.
- South Asian culture includes India, Bangladesh, and Pakistan, and is heavily influenced by Hinduism.
Cultural Invasion
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Globalization of culture began during the Age of Colonialism, where Western culture infiltrated the East.
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The West considered their culture superior, and imposed their culture on the East.
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The Filipino culture is unique and a mix of Asian and Western influences.
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Cultural globalization can be seen as a form of cultural invasion, where Western culture is imposed on the East.### Western Culture and Globalization
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Westerners often think their culture is superior, leading to a colonial mentality.
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Examples: Western medicine is considered legitimate, while Eastern medicine is doubted or seen as mythical.
Latin America and South America
- Heavily influenced by Catholicism.
- Cuisine: Spicy food (Mexican).
- Unique dance and music.
- Greeting: Beso-beso.
Globalization of Culture
- The world is developing one culture, and that is Western culture.
- Invention of the printing press led to mass production of writings and print media.
- Advent of mass media: Telegram (mid-1800s), Telephone (late 1800s), Radio Broadcasting (1920s), Television Broadcasting (1940s), Internet (1980s), and Social Media (2000s).
Eastern Culture Gaining Popularity
- Martial arts movies.
- Chinese New Year celebration in the US.
- Yoga fad.
- K-pop invasion.
- Herbal medicine fad.
Social Globalization
- Man is a social being.
- Humans interact with one another; socialization is essential in life.
- Before, face-to-face interaction was the primary means of communication.
- Written communication added to face-to-face interaction: personal letters, edicts of kings, books.
- With the advent of mass media, personal communication shifted online: shopping, banking, job hunting, courtship, and dating.
The Covid-19 Pandemic and Socialization
- The pandemic has changed the way we socialize.
- Questions arise: shall we maintain social distancing, go back to pre-covid days, or adapt to a new normal?
- The pandemic has affected various industries, such as tourism, sports, mass transportation, music, and education.
Globalization of Other Things
- Plants: due to colonization, plants have been dispersed to other places; examples: avocado, rice, durian, cinnamon, and dates.
- Language: languages have spread globally due to colonization; examples: Spanish, Portuguese, English, and French.
- Sports: sports have been globalized, with sports like basketball, volleyball, and baseball originating in the US, and others like cricket, rugby, and taekwondo originating in other countries.
- Food and Beverage: trademark foods and beverages have spread globally, with examples like Coca-cola, hamburgers, spaghetti, and pizza.
- Religion: most major religions originated in Asia, with examples like Hinduism, Taoism, Confucianism, Buddhism, Christianity, and Islam, and have spread globally.
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Description
Explore the economic systems of ancient city-states and kingdoms, including taxation methods and economic globalization. This quiz covers the pre-colonial era and its impact on modern economies.
