Economic Systems Exam Study Guide

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Questions and Answers

Which economic system is most closely associated with the concept of laissez-faire?

  • Free-market economy (correct)
  • Command economy
  • Planned economy
  • Mixed economy

How did the New Deal policies enacted by Franklin D. Roosevelt aim to address the Great Depression?

  • By increasing government intervention and social programs. (correct)
  • By promoting deregulation of the financial sector.
  • By decreasing government spending to balance the budget.
  • By implementing strict isolationist trade policies.

Which of the following is a primary characteristic of a command economic system?

  • Prices are determined by supply and demand.
  • The government controls resources and production. (correct)
  • Private individuals own the means of production.
  • Competition among businesses drives innovation.

Which viewpoint did Adam Smith advocate in his economic theories?

<p>Self-interest and competition lead to economic prosperity. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key difference between fiscal and monetary policies?

<p>Fiscal policy involves government spending and taxation, while monetary policy involves managing interest rates and the money supply. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does privatization typically play in an economy?

<p>Transferring ownership from the public sector to the private sector. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the impact of the Industrial Revolution on economic systems?

<p>The rise of mass production and wage labor. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which action would a central bank most likely take to combat inflation?

<p>Raising interest rates (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant factor contributing to the economic boom of the 1920s in the USA?

<p>Widespread adoption of new technologies and consumerism (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the business cycle typically progress?

<p>Expansion, peak, recession, trough (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Free-market economy

A system where economic decisions are made by individuals and businesses with minimal government intervention.

Mixed economy

An economic system combining free markets and government intervention.

Command economy

An economic system controlled by a central authority, typically the government, which makes all economic decisions.

Adam Smith

Scottish economist known as the father of modern economics; advocated for free markets.

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Impacts of Industrial Revolution

Positive: New technologies and increased production. Negative: Pollution, monopolies, and income inequality.

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Privatization

Government ownership of industries and services.

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Business Cycle

Fluctuations in economic activity, including periods of expansion and contraction.

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The Great Depression

Period of sustained economic hardship (1929-1939).

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Keynesian economics

Government intervention in the economy can stabilize it, particularly through fiscal and monetary policy.

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Fiscal and monetary policies

Government actions to influence the economy through spending and taxation (fiscal) and control of money supply and interest rates (monetary).

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Study Notes

  • The list encompasses concepts and terms to be familiar with for your Economic Systems Exam.
  • The test will contain 45 multiple choice questions.

Economic Systems

  • Economic spectrum includes free-market, mixed, and command economies.
  • Economic values of free-market economies include laissez-faire.
  • Basic purpose and beliefs of all economic systems.
  • Privatization has both pros and cons.
  • Free-market economies have criticisms and advantages.

Economic Thinkers

  • Adam Smith and his beliefs.
  • Keynesian economics

Economic Events

  • Impacts of the Industrial Revolution.
  • Responses to the Industrial Revolution.
  • The economic boom of the 1920s in the USA.
  • The Great Depression led to a movement to modern liberalism.
  • Franklin D. Roosevelt introduced the New Deal; CCF in Canada.
  • Business cycle knowledge is required.
  • Fiscal and monetary policies understanding is needed.
  • Basic understanding of interest rates and inflation and how they affect an economy.

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