Economic Planning in Communist and Non-Communist Countries

What guidance did the writings of Karl Marx provide for operating the economy in a socialist society?

Which countries are referred to as noncommunist countries in the text?

What was the struggle that led to the development of economic planning in the Soviet Union and other communist countries in the 1920s and '30s?

In which era did most communist countries practice the economic planning system discussed in the text?

What does the text imply about the replacement of the market system of capitalism in a socialist society?

In what context can one compare the economy of communist countries and non-communist countries?

Which country is specifically mentioned in the text as practicing a form of economic planning developed during the 1920s and '30s?

Who seized power in Russia in 1917 without a clear notion of how to run the economy?

What did Karl Marx's writings suggest about a socialist society's economy?

When did communist countries like the Soviet Union practice their form of economic planning until?

Based on the text, what was NOT found in Karl Marx's writings regarding how a socialist society's economy should operate?

What was the main challenge faced by the Bolsheviks after seizing power in 1917?

What is the primary focus of PPBS when deciding upon the allocation of public resources?

In which country did the U.S. government pioneer the application of PPBS to government activities in the 1960s?

What does PPBS attempt to evaluate when considering alternative ways to achieve program objectives?

Which department did Great Britain first introduce PPBS to in the late 1960s?

When did France decide to apply PPBS to government activities?

What does PPBS rely on in noncommunist countries' national economic planning?

What was the main economic principle envisioned in the future communist society according to the text?

According to N.I. Bukharin in 1920, what happens to the basic 'problems' of political economy in an organized national economy?

During the Russian Revolution of October 1917, what did the Bolsheviks do in response to economic breakdown and civil war?

What was the outcome of the initial essay in planning during the War Communism period described in the text?

What did the Bolsheviks demand from the peasants during the War Communism period?

What was the role of money during the Russian Revolution's War Communism period?

What is one of the reasons why Japanese governments are willing to cut back on public expenditure programs?

How do governments in western Europe differ from Japan in terms of action during economic downturns?

What is a direct method used by some governments to influence private firms' behavior?

How do governments in western Europe actively intervene in regional development policy?

What happens when labor shortages are acute in congested areas according to the text?

Why do some governments refuse permission for firms to set up new factories in congested areas?