Economic Planning in Communist and Non-Communist Countries

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Questions and Answers

What guidance did the writings of Karl Marx provide for operating the economy in a socialist society?

  • Detailed economic plans
  • Embrace of capitalism
  • Creation of economic administration organs (correct)
  • Establishment of market systems

Which countries are referred to as noncommunist countries in the text?

  • Socialist countries
  • Capitalist countries (correct)
  • Countries with a mixed economy
  • Economically underdeveloped countries

What was the struggle that led to the development of economic planning in the Soviet Union and other communist countries in the 1920s and '30s?

  • The fight against colonial powers
  • The battle for independence
  • The quest for technological advancement
  • The endeavor to industrialize (correct)

In which era did most communist countries practice the economic planning system discussed in the text?

<p>1990s (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the text imply about the replacement of the market system of capitalism in a socialist society?

<p>It is a core principle (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what context can one compare the economy of communist countries and non-communist countries?

<p>Economic planning (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which country is specifically mentioned in the text as practicing a form of economic planning developed during the 1920s and '30s?

<p>Russia (USSR) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who seized power in Russia in 1917 without a clear notion of how to run the economy?

<p>Bolsheviks (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Karl Marx's writings suggest about a socialist society's economy?

<p>It should be planned for common good (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When did communist countries like the Soviet Union practice their form of economic planning until?

<p>1990s (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Based on the text, what was NOT found in Karl Marx's writings regarding how a socialist society's economy should operate?

<p>Recommendations for capitalist practices (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the main challenge faced by the Bolsheviks after seizing power in 1917?

<p>Implementing economic planning (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of PPBS when deciding upon the allocation of public resources?

<p>Effectiveness of each program in achieving objectives (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which country did the U.S. government pioneer the application of PPBS to government activities in the 1960s?

<p>United States (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does PPBS attempt to evaluate when considering alternative ways to achieve program objectives?

<p>Costs of alternatives (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which department did Great Britain first introduce PPBS to in the late 1960s?

<p>Ministry of Defence (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When did France decide to apply PPBS to government activities?

<p>Late 1960s (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does PPBS rely on in noncommunist countries' national economic planning?

<p>Market mechanisms (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the main economic principle envisioned in the future communist society according to the text?

<p>No wages to stimulate effort (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to N.I. Bukharin in 1920, what happens to the basic 'problems' of political economy in an organized national economy?

<p>They disappear as the economy is regulated by a consciously implemented plan (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During the Russian Revolution of October 1917, what did the Bolsheviks do in response to economic breakdown and civil war?

<p>Established state control over industry and trade (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the initial essay in planning during the War Communism period described in the text?

<p>A failure except for concentrating resources for civil war fronts (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the Bolsheviks demand from the peasants during the War Communism period?

<p>Deliver all farm surpluses to state procurement organs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the role of money during the Russian Revolution's War Communism period?

<p>Money lost all value (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the reasons why Japanese governments are willing to cut back on public expenditure programs?

<p>To stimulate economic growth (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do governments in western Europe differ from Japan in terms of action during economic downturns?

<p>They are less flexible in their approach. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a direct method used by some governments to influence private firms' behavior?

<p>Granting tax exemptions and depreciation allowances (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do governments in western Europe actively intervene in regional development policy?

<p>By using tax incentives and grants for firms in less-developed regions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when labor shortages are acute in congested areas according to the text?

<p>Permission to expand existing factories is refused (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do some governments refuse permission for firms to set up new factories in congested areas?

<p>To prevent labor shortages from worsening (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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