Economic Impact on Disability and Employment
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary factor that determines access to employment among people with disabling conditions?

  • National and regional labor markets (correct)
  • Microenvironment of the neighborhood
  • Accessibility of public transportation
  • Economic status of the individual

    • The economic status of the individual has a more profound impact on the probability of disability resulting from impairment or other disabling conditions.

    False

    What is the role of economic factors in determining disability?

    Economic factors can affect disability by creating incentives to define oneself as disabled, for example, through disability compensation programs.

    Wealthy communities are more able to provide environmental supports such as accessible public transportation and public buildings or support payments for _______________ benefits.

    <p>personal assistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the levels of community with their descriptions:

    <p>Microsystem = The local area of the person with the disabling conditions Mesosystem = The area beyond the immediate neighborhood, perhaps encompassing the town Macrosystem = A region or nation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of jobs are often available to people with disabling conditions?

    <p>Low-paying jobs without health insurance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The economic status of the neighborhood has a significant impact on access to employment among people with disabling conditions.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the economic status of a community affect the accessibility of the built environment?

    <p>The economic status of a community determines whether there are physical accommodations in the built environment that would facilitate mobility for people with impairments or functional limitations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary condition for a functional limitation to become a disability?

    <p>The impairment must be recognized by the culture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a culture where nose piercing is necessary for beauty, breathing problems resulting from it would be recognized as limiting.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key factor in determining whether a functional limitation is seen as disabling?

    <p>The culture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Martha's Vineyard, hearing losses were not equivalent to functional limitations because ________________

    <p>everyone there knew sign language</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason why rehabilitation is irrelevant in certain cultural contexts?

    <p>The culture does not recognize the impairment as limiting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Female circumcision is always recognized as a functional limitation in all cultures.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following cultural practices with their implications on disability:

    <p>Nose piercing = Breathing problems may not be recognized as limiting Female circumcision = Inability to experience orgasm may not be recognized as limiting Sign language = Hearing losses are not equivalent to functional limitations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines whether a person has a disability or not?

    <p>The culture's definition of roles and capacities necessary to satisfy that role</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the amount of disability an individual experiences?

    <p>Kind of services provided to people with disabling conditions and the physical environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Disability is inherent in an individual.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between human competencies and the environment?

    <p>Dynamic reciprocal relationship</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The amount of disability a person experiences depends on both the existence of a potentially disabling condition and the ________________.

    <p>environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is necessary for social participation when functional limitations exist?

    <p>Environmental support</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following components with their descriptions:

    <p>Physical environment = The built environment that is accommodating or not accommodating to the particular disabling condition Social environment = Factors external to the individual, including family, institutions, community, geography, and the political climate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Disability is solely a function of a physical or medical process.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of a negative and disabling environment on a person's functional activities?

    <p>It worsens the condition, enhances the limitation, or restricts one's functional activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can make an attempt to return to work risky for individuals with disabling conditions?

    <p>Withdrawal of health insurance soon after earnings begin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Disability compensation programs encourage people with impairments to return to work.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a factor that can improve the prospects of people with disabling conditions for achieving a fuller participation in society?

    <p>A well-enforced political system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The extent to which people with impairments and functional limitations will participate in the labor force is a function of the funds spent in ___________ programs.

    <p>training</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following with the way they are financed:

    <p>Health care = Public funds Job accommodations = Tax credits Personal assistance services = Direct payment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can impact the extent to which impairments and other potentially disabling conditions will result in disability?

    <p>The political system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Accessibility in nonpublic buildings is not required by public laws.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a factor that can impede people with disabling conditions from participating in the labor force?

    <p>The built environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of an accessible structural element?

    <p>Ramps</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The social environment affects the disabling process.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a communication aid?

    <p>Telephone amplifier or TDD</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ______________________ can be used to provide note-taking assistance.

    <p>Computer-assisted note taker</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a job accommodation?

    <p>Simplification of task</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The psychological environment is the external environment.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following assistive technology devices with their purpose:

    <p>Closed or real-time captioning = Provides text-based representation of spoken language Reading machines = Converts written text to spoken language Books on tape = Provides audio-based representation of written text</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a differential use of personnel?

    <p>Sign language interpreters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Economic Status and Disability

    • Economic status of the community has a more profound impact than individual economic status on the probability of disability resulting from impairment or other disabling conditions.
    • Persons with disabilities in communities with rapid economic expansion are more likely to secure jobs than those in communities with depressed or contracting labor markets.
    • Wealthy communities are more able to provide environmental supports, such as accessible public transportation and public buildings, and support payments for personal assistance benefits.

    Community and Disability

    • Community can be defined in terms of the microsystem (local area), mesosystem (area beyond the immediate neighborhood), and macrosystem (region or nation).
    • The economic status of the region or nation plays a more important role than the immediate microenvironment for certain kinds of disabling conditions.
    • Access to employment among people with disabling conditions is determined by a combination of national and regional labor markets.

    Economic Factors and Disability

    • Economic factors can affect disability by creating incentives to define oneself as disabled.
    • Disability compensation programs often pay nearly as much as many jobs available to people with disabling conditions, which can create disincentives to work.
    • Disability compensation programs can reduce the number of people with impairments who work by creating incentives to leave the labor force and disincentives to return to work.

    Political Factors and Disability

    • The political system, through its role in designing public policy, can have a profound impact on the extent to which impairments and other potentially disabling conditions result in disability.
    • The extent to which the built environment impedes people with disabling conditions is a function of public funds spent to make buildings and transportation systems accessible and public laws requiring the private sector to make these accommodations.
    • The extent to which people with impairments and functional limitations will participate in the labor force is a function of the funds spent in training programs, healthcare financing, and job accommodations.

    Disability and Social Environment

    • Disability is not inherent in an individual but is a function of the interaction of the person with the social and physical environments.
    • The amount of disability experienced by a person depends on both the existence of a potentially disabling condition and the environment in which the person lives.
    • Human competencies interact with the environment in a dynamic reciprocal relationship that shapes performance.

    Environmental Support and Disability

    • Environmental support is necessary for social participation when functional limitations exist.
    • The physical and social environments comprise factors external to the individual, including family, institutions, community, geography, and political climate.

    Types of Environmental Support

    • Communication aids: telephone amplifier, voice-activated computer, closed or real-time captioning, etc.
    • Accessible structural elements: ramps, elevators, wide doors, safety bars, etc.
    • Accessible features: built-up handles, voice-activated computer, automobile hand controls, etc.
    • Job accommodations: simplification of tasks, flexible work hours, rest breaks, etc.
    • Differential use of personnel: personal care assistants, note takers, secretaries, editors, etc.

    Social and Psychological Environments and Disability

    • The social environment is conceptualized to include cultural, political, and economic factors.
    • Culture affects the enabling-disabling process at each stage and affects the transition from one stage to another.
    • The psychological environment is the intrapersonal environment.
    • Culture defines the roles to be played and the actions and capacities necessary to satisfy that role.
    • Whether a functional limitation is seen as being disabling will depend on the culture.

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    Description

    This quiz explores how the economic status of a community affects the probability of disability and employment opportunities for individuals with disabilities.

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