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According to the provided information, around what year did the 'Great Divergence' begin?
According to the provided information, around what year did the 'Great Divergence' begin?
What does the provided text suggest about GDP per capita before 1800?
What does the provided text suggest about GDP per capita before 1800?
What is the significance of the comparison made between Britain/Netherlands in 1800 and Nigeria in 2016, in the content?
What is the significance of the comparison made between Britain/Netherlands in 1800 and Nigeria in 2016, in the content?
What concept is associated with the theory that population growth can outpace resource availability, leading to stagnation?
What concept is associated with the theory that population growth can outpace resource availability, leading to stagnation?
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According to the provided information, what broad factor contributed to slow economic growth before 1800?
According to the provided information, what broad factor contributed to slow economic growth before 1800?
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Adam Smith's theory, as presented in the text, primarily emphasizes the benefits of what economic activity?
Adam Smith's theory, as presented in the text, primarily emphasizes the benefits of what economic activity?
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Which of the following best describes the relationship between diminishing returns and learning by doing, as presented in the text?
Which of the following best describes the relationship between diminishing returns and learning by doing, as presented in the text?
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Based on the graph provided, which letter corresponds to the region with the lowest living standard in the period described?
Based on the graph provided, which letter corresponds to the region with the lowest living standard in the period described?
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Which country experienced the highest annual growth rate in GDP per capita between 1500 and 1800?
Which country experienced the highest annual growth rate in GDP per capita between 1500 and 1800?
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Which of these countries had a negative growth rate in GDP per capita between 1500 and 1800?
Which of these countries had a negative growth rate in GDP per capita between 1500 and 1800?
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Which of the following countries experienced the greatest population growth rate between 1500 and 1820?
Which of the following countries experienced the greatest population growth rate between 1500 and 1820?
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Around what year did the Song dynasty unify Inner China?
Around what year did the Song dynasty unify Inner China?
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What was the approximate population of China in 1500?
What was the approximate population of China in 1500?
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Which country had the highest GDP per capita in 1500?
Which country had the highest GDP per capita in 1500?
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By what percentage did China's income level decline by 1800, compared to its level in 1020?
By what percentage did China's income level decline by 1800, compared to its level in 1020?
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Which of the following regions saw sustained income growth from the 13th century?
Which of the following regions saw sustained income growth from the 13th century?
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What was the approximate population of the United States in 1650?
What was the approximate population of the United States in 1650?
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Which event is cited as a cause for significant population growth after the 1500?
Which event is cited as a cause for significant population growth after the 1500?
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Which factor was NOT a primary contributor to the rise of serfdom?
Which factor was NOT a primary contributor to the rise of serfdom?
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What was a key exchange that formed the basis of the serfdom system?
What was a key exchange that formed the basis of the serfdom system?
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Which statement best describes the freedom of movement within the serfdom system?
Which statement best describes the freedom of movement within the serfdom system?
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What was the nature of the burden placed on serfs, based on local conditions?
What was the nature of the burden placed on serfs, based on local conditions?
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Which of the following was NOT a characteristic feature of serfdom?
Which of the following was NOT a characteristic feature of serfdom?
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Which agricultural practice was NOT commonly adopted to improve crop yields and nutrient management?
Which agricultural practice was NOT commonly adopted to improve crop yields and nutrient management?
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Keeping animals in barns, as opposed to on open land, led to improvements in all of the following EXCEPT:
Keeping animals in barns, as opposed to on open land, led to improvements in all of the following EXCEPT:
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Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a driver of increased agricultural production and transformation?
Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a driver of increased agricultural production and transformation?
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Urbanization was most prominent in England and the Netherlands, but which region was a forerunner in urbanization in the middle ages, that then stagnated?
Urbanization was most prominent in England and the Netherlands, but which region was a forerunner in urbanization in the middle ages, that then stagnated?
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Which of these factors was NOT a reason for the growth of cities like London and Amsterdam?
Which of these factors was NOT a reason for the growth of cities like London and Amsterdam?
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The increasing division of labor and specialization that accompanied urban growth likely led to which of these?
The increasing division of labor and specialization that accompanied urban growth likely led to which of these?
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Based on the provided text, what can be inferred about the price of rye?
Based on the provided text, what can be inferred about the price of rye?
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Which city mentioned in the text did NOT experience growth while economic activity become more focused on larger cities, such as London and Amsterdam?
Which city mentioned in the text did NOT experience growth while economic activity become more focused on larger cities, such as London and Amsterdam?
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Which of the following is a key focus of the research by Allen (2003)?
Which of the following is a key focus of the research by Allen (2003)?
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According to the provided references, what is a central theme explored by Beltrán Tapia (2019)?
According to the provided references, what is a central theme explored by Beltrán Tapia (2019)?
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Which topic is NOT a primary focus of Broadberry's (2021) work, as indicated in the provided references?
Which topic is NOT a primary focus of Broadberry's (2021) work, as indicated in the provided references?
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The research of De Moor and van Zanden (2009) primarily investigates which aspect of European history?
The research of De Moor and van Zanden (2009) primarily investigates which aspect of European history?
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Which of these papers proposes a relationship between, climate, disease, and societal transition in late medieval time?
Which of these papers proposes a relationship between, climate, disease, and societal transition in late medieval time?
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What is a primary focus of Harper's (2018) research, according to the provided references?
What is a primary focus of Harper's (2018) research, according to the provided references?
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Which of the following concepts is a central theme in the work of Persson (2008)?
Which of the following concepts is a central theme in the work of Persson (2008)?
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What is a key area of focus in the work of Pfister (2022)?
What is a key area of focus in the work of Pfister (2022)?
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What does the point where BR=DR signify in the described model?
What does the point where BR=DR signify in the described model?
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According to the model, what happens to the population when income levels are higher than the equilibrium (y*)?
According to the model, what happens to the population when income levels are higher than the equilibrium (y*)?
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In the model, if a sudden population decline occurs (N0 < N*), what is the immediate effect on income per person?
In the model, if a sudden population decline occurs (N0 < N*), what is the immediate effect on income per person?
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If population is larger than N*, what does the model predict?
If population is larger than N*, what does the model predict?
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What are the factors that bring population and income back to equilibrium after a sudden population decline according to the model?
What are the factors that bring population and income back to equilibrium after a sudden population decline according to the model?
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Which of the following best describes how the Malthusian model can be applied to a variety of populations?
Which of the following best describes how the Malthusian model can be applied to a variety of populations?
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According to the model, how can the equilibrium levels of population (N*) and income (y*) be influenced?
According to the model, how can the equilibrium levels of population (N*) and income (y*) be influenced?
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What is the relationship between resources per person and income per person in the described model?
What is the relationship between resources per person and income per person in the described model?
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Study Notes
The World Before 1800: Stagnation or Slow Development?
- This chapter explores the economic history of the world before 1800, examining whether it was stagnant or slowly developing.
- The Great Divergence: A very brief overview of the world's economic history before 1800, focuses on how GDP per capita, population, and income per capita changed and varied.
- GDP Per Capita Before 1800: Data (expressed in 1990 US dollars) displays a mixed picture with some regions like Britain and the Netherlands showing steady increase, while others like China and India stagnated or had declining incomes.
- Malthusian Theory of Population: This theory proposes a cyclical relationship between population growth and economic output, typically characterized by short-term gains in income through technological advancements countered by population growth, and thus leading to stagnation. This model includes preventive checks (like birth control or late marriage) and positive checks (like disease, famine, and war) which can impact population.
- Greg Clark's Malthusian Model: A simple model based on Malthus' ideas, with assumptions about birth rates increasing with living standards, death rates decreasing with living standards, and living standards declining when population increases. The intersection of birth and death rates illustrates Malthusian equilibrium - where population doesn't grow.
- Combining Both Theories
- Explains the relationship between diminishing returns to land use and learning by doing.
- So, Why Was Growth So Slow?
- Focuses on "bad" institutions and minimal innovation as key factors hindering growth.
- London and Preindustrial Growth: London's growth is highlighted as an example of how growth can occur in a preindustrial setting. It exemplifies how trade and market integration can spur productivity and income.
- Summary and concluding points from the text.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the concept of the Great Divergence and its impacts on economic growth. This quiz covers key historical comparisons, theories related to population growth, and significant economic indicators before 1800. Dive into the analyses of GDP trends and the insights of Adam Smith.
