Economic Development Indicators

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Questions and Answers

Explain how Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita is calculated.

GDP per capita is calculated by dividing the total GDP of a country by its total population.

Why are environmental indicators important when measuring a country's level of development?

They indicate the impact of human activity on the environment, revealing whether development is sustainable or at the expense of the environment.

How do social indicators of development, like literacy, affect a country's overall progress?

Higher literacy rates often correlate with better health outcomes, increased economic opportunities, and greater social participation, leading to improved quality of life and overall development.

Describe how infant mortality rates can reflect the overall quality of life in a country.

<p>High infant mortality rates often indicate inadequate healthcare, poor nutrition, and unsanitary living conditions, reflecting a lower quality of life.</p>
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Explain the relationship between high GDP per capita and the potential cost to the environment.

<p>Countries with high GDP per capita often consume more resources and generate more waste, potentially leading to greater environmental damage if sustainable practices are not prioritized.</p>
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How might a drop in fish stocks in oceans serve as an environmental indicator of development challenges?

<p>A drop in fish stocks suggests overfishing, pollution, or habitat destruction, reflecting unsustainable practices that threaten both ecosystems and the livelihoods of communities dependent on fishing.</p>
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Describe how differences in child mortality rates between provinces of South Africa might arise.

<p>Differences in child mortality rates may stem from variations in access to healthcare, nutrition, sanitation, and socioeconomic conditions across provinces.</p>
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Explain why relying solely on national-level development statistics can be misleading when assessing the well-being of a country's population.

<p>National averages can mask significant regional disparities, failing to reflect the lived experiences of all citizens.</p>
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What are some examples of economic indicators of development?

<p>Examples include Gross Domestic Product (GDP), GDP per capita, and the number of computers in a society.</p>
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How does the literacy rate of a country affect its overall development?

<p>Higher literacy rates correlate with better health, increased economic opportunities, and greater social participation, contributing to overall development.</p>
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Why is it important to consider the impact of poverty on life expectancy?

<p>Poverty often leads to malnutrition, lack of access to healthcare, and poor living conditions, all of which significantly reduce life expectancy.</p>
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How does access to health care influence life expectancy in a population?

<p>Access to quality healthcare increases the likelihood of preventing and treating diseases, thus increasing life expectancy.</p>
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Explain how living in rural versus urban areas can impact life expectancy.

<p>Urban areas often have better access to healthcare, education, and infrastructure, which can increase life expectancy compared to rural areas.</p>
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Describe how the percentage of polluting gases in the atmosphere can be used as an environmental indicator.

<p>A higher percentage of polluting gases indicates greater environmental degradation and potential health risks for the population.</p>
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How does the quantity of non-renewable resources used by a country relate to its level of development and sustainability?

<p>High usage of non-renewable resources may indicate a higher level of industrial development but also raises concerns about long-term sustainability.</p>
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Explain the significance of the quality of water in rivers and lakes as an indicator of environmental and social well-being.

<p>Good water quality supports ecosystems, agriculture, and human health, while polluted water can lead to disease and environmental degradation.</p>
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What does the term "environmental indicators" refer to?

<p>Environmental indicators are statistics or measures that show the impact of human activity on the environment.</p>
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Describe the relationship between a country's GDP per capita and its literacy rate.

<p>Generally, countries with higher GDP per capita tend to have higher literacy rates due to greater investment in education and resources.</p>
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How does a country's life expectancy reflect its overall level of development?

<p>Higher life expectancy usually indicates better healthcare, nutrition, sanitation, and overall living conditions, reflecting a higher level of development.</p>
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Explain how evaluating both economic and social indicators provides a more complete understanding of a country's development status.

<p>Economic indicators show wealth and income, while social indicators show quality of life factors like health and education; both are needed for a comprehensive view.</p>
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Flashcards

Economic

To do with wealth and money.

Social

Related to communities and their welfare.

Environmental

To do with resources and the environment.

Welfare

To do with health, comfort, and happiness.

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Economic indicators

Indicators that provide information about wealth and income of a country or region.

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Social indicators

Indicators that measure things that are about quality of life.

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Environmental indicators

Indicators that show the impact of human activity on the environment.

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GDP

The value of goods and services produced in a country in one year.

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GDP per capita

The amount of money every person in the country would have if all the money were divided equally among the population.

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Currency

Type of money used in a country.

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Life expectancy

Average age which people can expect to reach.

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Infant mortality

Number of babies per 1,000 live births who die before their first birthday.

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Literacy

The percentage of the population over age 15 who can read and write.

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Study Notes

The Meaning of Development

  • Development pertains to money, wealth, living conditions, land and resources.
  • There are three interconnected aspects: economic, social, and environmental development.
  • All areas of development provide support for people's general welfare.

Ways of Measuring Development

  • Development indicators are used to compare development levels.
  • Development indicators focus on specific aspects of development.
  • There are economic, social and enviromental. indicators.

Economic Indicators of Development

  • Economic indicators provide information about wealth and income.
  • Examples include how much money people spend on luxury goods, the number of computers in a society, and how much electricity the country uses.
  • Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is the total value of money of all goods and services produced by a country.
  • GDP per capita shows how much money every person in the country would have if all the money earned in one year was divided equally among the population.
  • GDP per capita is in US dollars, making economic development comparison easier in different countries.
  • GDP per capita = GDP/Total population

Social Indicators of Development

  • Social indicators are used to measure conditions in society that affect people's quality of life; they look into aspects such as health, education, and housing.
  • Life expectancy is the average age which people can expect to reach.
  • Infant mortality is the number of babies per 1 000 live births who die before they are one year old, including those who die at birth.
  • Literacy is the percentage of the population over age 15 who can read and write.

Examples of Environmental Indicators

  • Percentage of polluting gases in the atmosphere.
  • The quantity of non-renewable resources which are used.
  • The drop in fish stocks in the oceans.
  • The quality of water in the rivers and lakes.
  • Environmental indicators show the impact of human activity on the environment.

Cost to the Environment

  • Some countries have high per capita GDP and high social development scores but use many resources and cause damage to the environment.
  • These countries achieved high development scores at the expense of the environment.
  • Development needs a balance between economic, social and environmental goals.

Differences in Development Between Regions

  • Development statistics for countries can be misleading.
  • National statistics give the average conditions for the country; they do not indicate the differences between regions.
  • Some parts of a country may have high development, while other places may have very low development.
  • There can be differences in development even between South Africa's provinces.

Infant Mortality Rates in South Africa

  • Deaths per 1000 live births.

Percentage of Under 18 Year Olds Living in Poverty

Life Expectancy in 2011

  • Measured for males and females.

About Our World

  • Purchasing power parity is the money that would be needed to purchase the same goods and services, for example electricity or a loaf of bread, in different countries.
  • The impact of the human population on the environment is 60 times greater than it was 50 years ago.
  • Overusing the land for animals and crops causes the soil to be washed or blown away.

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