Economic Burden of Aging by 2030

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Questions and Answers

What does existing literature suggest about the economic burden of aging by 2030?

  • It will lead to improved payment systems for long-term care.
  • It will require significant increases in tax rates. (correct)
  • It will be less than the burden of raising children in the 1960s.
  • It will not impact the general well-being of future generations.

Which of the following is NOT listed as a real challenge of caring for the elderly in 2030?

  • Development of payment systems
  • Advances in behavioral health
  • Maintaining healthy and active elderly
  • Technology deficits in healthcare (correct)

What is suggested as a necessary improvement for long-term care systems?

  • Reducing the number of care providers
  • Creating systems that work better than existing ones (correct)
  • Increasing the age of eligibility for care
  • Enhancing technology for remote monitoring

What potential impact might high service costs have on the economy?

<p>Retardation of economic growth (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the document characterize the economic burden of aging compared to raising children in the 1960s?

<p>It is expected to be similar in magnitude. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What strategy is suggested for maintaining the health of the elderly?

<p>Investing in advances in medicine and behavioral health (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the document imply about the nature of public policy goals for aging care?

<p>They need to facilitate effective care systems. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a possible implication of the economic burden on future generations, as suggested?

<p>They may face a worse economic future than current workers. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the amount spent on long-term care services in 2003?

<p>$183 billion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a main characteristic of newer long-term care facilities compared to traditional nursing homes?

<p>Private rooms with a home-like environment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a reason for purchasing long-term care insurance?

<p>Desiring to travel overseas (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of Medicaid's spending in 2005 was attributed to long-term care?

<p>70% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of community promotes aging in place with various levels of care on one campus?

<p>Continuing Care Retirement Communities (CCRCs) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What essential service is covered by long-term care insurance?

<p>Diagnostics testing (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factor has prompted new sources of funding for long-term healthcare needs?

<p>The need to pay out of pocket before Medicaid eligibility (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was predicted about the future of nursing homes?

<p>Only the excellent ones will survive (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What essential service does the Older Americans Act provide?

<p>Legal assistance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is eligible for free legal services under the Older Americans Act?

<p>Adults 60 and older with specific needs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not typically considered in developing care models for older adults?

<p>Legal advocacy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What primary issue hinders older patients from expressing their legal needs?

<p>Lack of knowledge about legal issues (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the vision outlined in Healthy People 2020?

<p>Achieving a society with healthy lives for all (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant barrier to effective implementation of health and social services for older adults?

<p>Soloed funding mechanisms (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect is not emphasized in the advocacy services for older adults?

<p>Addressing nursing needs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What misconception might clinicians have regarding older adults and legal needs?

<p>Older adults are aware of their legal needs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the meeting discussed?

<p>To explore new data sources for policy development (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is NSDS primarily a call for?

<p>Institutional change regarding aging policies (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should the adaptive system established through the meeting aim to do?

<p>Continuously improve based on emerging needs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of planning does the meeting emphasize?

<p>Managing progress towards sustainability goals (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How should older persons be treated in the new agenda?

<p>As integral participants rather than merely as a vulnerable group (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of process does the outcome of the EGM propose?

<p>An adaptive and cyclical interactive process (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a component of the proposed process?

<p>Static situation analysis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the sustainable development goals mentioned in relation to?

<p>Addressing aging-related statistics and data needs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of U.S. physicians are currently using telemedicine as of the 2020 survey?

<p>48% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the percentage of people aged 50 to 80 who reported having a virtual medical visit during the COVID-19 pandemic?

<p>26% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is considered a vital factor for mental health visits during the pandemic, particularly for seniors?

<p>Access (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which age group reported the highest increase in virtual medical visits during the COVID-19 pandemic according to the University of Michigan's poll?

<p>50 to 80 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What has been a trend among healthcare providers in response to increasing patient needs during the COVID-19 pandemic?

<p>Increasing reliance on telehealth (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What limitation does telehealth face according to the content?

<p>Barriers to effective delivery (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding the effectiveness of mental telehealth visits compared to in-office visits?

<p>Mental telehealth visits can be equally effective as in-office visits. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the percentage of virtual visits for those aged 50 to 80 in 2019, prior to the COVID-19 pandemic?

<p>4% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a critical role that older persons, particularly older women, play in families?

<p>Providing unpaid care for family members (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development aim to treat older persons?

<p>It seeks to include them as part of a focus on the most vulnerable groups. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What impact does the migration of family members have on older persons?

<p>It often increases their responsibilities within the family structure. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which area do older persons show significant political engagement in some advanced democracies?

<p>Demanding pension reforms and social security improvements (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does unpaid care work by older persons indicate about society's support systems?

<p>The formal care systems are often inadequate. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What demographic shift is noted as impacting the role of grandparents in families?

<p>Changes in family structures and migration patterns. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect does the development of capacity for older persons focus on?

<p>Creating economic independence for older persons. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is preparing for an aging population important in relation to the 2030 Agenda?

<p>Aging affects various sustainable development goals. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Economic Burden of Aging in 2030

The challenges of caring for aging populations in 2030 will not be primarily about overall financial burden, but about creating a more effective system of care.

Comparison to Baby Boomer Costs

The economic burden of caring for aging populations in 2030 will be similar to the financial burden of raising the baby boomer generation in the 1960s.

What kind of long-term care system is needed?

A system of paying for and providing long-term care that is better than existing systems.

Leveraging Medical Advancements

Using advances in medicine and behavioral health to keep the elderly healthy and active.

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Optimizing Community Care

Designing community services and care that is more accessible and convenient for individuals.

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What constitutes an overwhelming economic burden?

An overwhelming economic burden could be described by large tax increases, stifled economic growth, and a decline in the well-being of future generations.

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Real Challenges of Elder Care

The economic challenges associated with caring for the elderly are more about system effectiveness than overall cost.

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Implications for Public Policy & Private Actors

The economic burden of caring for aging populations presents significant challenges, requiring effective public policy and private sector collaboration to develop sustainable solutions.

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New Sustainable Development Strategy (NSDS)

A framework to guide development and action focusing on aging issues, aiming for a balanced approach to social and environmental objectives.

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Transition from a static to an adaptive system

A shift from static, pre-defined plans to a dynamic system that adapts and improves continuously over time.

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Cyclical and interactive process in NSDS

This involves analyzing the current situation, creating plans and actions, executing them, tracking progress, and regularly reviewing and adjusting the approach.

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Focus on managing progress towards sustainability

The emphasis is on achieving sustainability goals rather than simply creating a plan as an end product.

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Self-determination in implementing NSDS

Every country is responsible for deciding its own path to implement the NSDS.

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Beyond treating older persons as a vulnerable group

The NSDS acknowledges the importance of involving older individuals in the implementation process and treating them as valuable contributors rather than just a vulnerable group.

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Importance of Aging-Related Data

Data and information relevant to aging are crucial for effective policymaking and program development.

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The EGM's Response to Data Needs

The results from the EGM aim to address the need for reliable aging-related data and statistics to support the goals outlined in the Sustainable Development Goals and post-2015 environment.

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2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development

A worldwide agreement for the betterment of the planet and its people, including all ages and focusing on the most vulnerable.

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Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

A set of 17 goals aimed at achieving sustainable development by 2030. It's a global call for action to end poverty, protect the planet, and ensure prosperity for all.

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Aging

The process of becoming older, but also the state of being older. It's not just about age, but about how this age influences life experiences and the needs of this population.

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Poverty

The lack of financial resources for essential needs. This can be caused by many factors, including lack of employment, health issues, and social inequalities.

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Equality

The idea that everyone should have equal opportunities and access to resources, regardless of age, gender, race, or other factors. This means tackling inequalities in all aspects of life.

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Older persons as breadwinners

Older individuals who are the only source of income for their families, often due to illness, migrations, or other hardships. They may take on new roles to support their families.

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Unpaid care work

The work older persons do that is not paid, like caring for family members. This can include taking care of children, elderly relatives, and individuals with disabilities.

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Political participation of older persons

Older persons participating in political activities, such as voting, campaigning, or lobbying. This can include advocating for policies that benefit older adults or their communities.

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Mental Telehealth

The use of technology to deliver mental healthcare remotely, allowing patients to receive services without physically visiting a clinic.

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Telehealth Trend

The increasing reliance on telemedicine due to factors like the COVID-19 pandemic and the need for accessible healthcare.

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Benefits of Mental Telehealth

The advantages of telehealth include convenience, accessibility, affordability, and reduced risks for vulnerable patients.

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Effectiveness of Mental Telehealth

Mental telehealth can be just as effective as in-person visits for many patients.

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Telehealth for Seniors

Telehealth has the potential to overcome barriers to accessing care, especially for seniors who may have limited mobility or transportation options.

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Telehealth Meeting Mental Healthcare Needs

Telehealth can help address the growing need for mental healthcare services, particularly in light of rising mental health concerns.

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Telehealth Barriers

Challenges that need to be considered for effective implementation of telehealth services, such as ensuring privacy, security, and access to technology.

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Telehealth Opportunities

Opportunities for healthcare providers to leverage telehealth for improved healthcare delivery, such as reaching more patients and providing convenient care.

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What is the cost of long-term care?

Costs associated with providing long-term care services to individuals who are unable to care for themselves, such as nursing homes, assisted living, and in-home care.

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What is the shift in long-term care facilities?

Shifting from traditional nursing homes with hospital-like environments to more residential settings that prioritize privacy, resident choice, and home-like comforts.

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How is long-term care funded?

Medicaid, a government program, is a major funding source for long-term care, covering nearly $95 billion in 2005. Individuals often have to use their savings and assets before becoming eligible for Medicaid.

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What is long-term care insurance?

A type of insurance designed to cover health care needs outside of hospitals for individuals requiring long-term care, such as rehabilitation or custodial care.

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Why do people buy long-term care insurance?

Reasons for purchasing long-term care insurance include avoiding being a burden on family, maintaining financial independence, having more choices for care, protecting assets, and gaining peace of mind.

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What are Continuing Care Retirement Communities (CCRCs)?

A type of housing community that offers a range of care options for residents as they age, from independent living to assisted living, skilled care, and home health services, all located on one campus.

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What are the challenges of providing future long-term care?

The need to cater to the increasing demand for long-term care services as the population ages, leading to a focus on providing more affordable and accessible options.

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How to address the rising costs of long-term care?

The increasing demand for long-term care services as the population ages requires finding strategies to make it more affordable and accessible for everyone.

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What are advocacy services for older adults?

Advocacy services help older adults assert their rights in the healthcare system and make informed decisions about their care. This includes assistance with navigating complicated healthcare processes and accessing needed services.

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What is the Older Americans Act (OAA) and what services does it provide?

The Older Americans Act (OAA) of 1965 provides essential services for older adults, such as legal assistance, nutrition, transportation, and in-home care. It ensures that older adults with the greatest social or economic need have access to these services for free.

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How does the Older Americans Act link legal services to health?

The OAA emphasizes that legal services are crucial in supporting older adults, recognizing that healthcare is not just about medical needs but also legal issues that affect health and well-being.

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What is a gap in current care models for older adults?

Despite the growing complexity of healthcare for older adults, most care models lack legal advocacy integration. Clinicians often lack training in recognizing and addressing legal issues that affect older patients, making it difficult for patients to access crucial legal help.

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What is Healthy People 2020 and what is its goal?

"Healthy People 2020" provides a comprehensive framework for improving the nation's health. It aims to create a society where everyone has the opportunity to live long, healthy lives, highlighting the need for proactive healthcare solutions.

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What is the broader perspective of Healthy People 2020?

Healthy People 2020 acknowledges that health involves factors beyond medical care, such as economic, lifestyle, and social influences. This broader perspective recognizes socioeconomic and cultural factors that impact health outcomes.

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What are some challenges in funding healthcare and social services, especially for older adults?

Healthcare and social services funding mechanisms, particularly for civil legal services, are often limited, creating a significant imbalance in resources. This disparity makes it challenging to effectively address the complex and interconnected needs of aging populations.

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Why is the absence of legal advocacy in healthcare a problem?

The lack of legal advocacy integration in healthcare is a major concern for older patients, who often face legal issues that directly impact their health and well-being. This gap highlights the need for more comprehensive, multidisciplinary care models that address both medical and legal needs.

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Study Notes

Week 13: Research Agenda on Aging

  • Review of economic and demographic data, and simulations of projected socioeconomic and demographic patterns in 2030 form the basis of a review of the challenges related to caring for seniors.
  • This includes measures of macroeconomic burden, analysis of trends in disability, payment approaches for long-term care, healthy aging, and cultural views of aging.
  • Simulations of Baby Boomer generation's future income and asset patterns are also included.
  • The financial burden of aging in 2030 should not be greater than the financial burden of raising large numbers of Baby Boom children.
  • Challenges involving care for the elderly include developing better payment and insurance systems for long-term care; maximizing the individual's ability to stay active; altering cultural views of aging; and reorganizing community services for better access.

Week 13: Care of Older Adults

  • Older adults are a dependent population that might not have the necessary institutions and financial systems in place.
  • Baby Boomers (born between 1946 and 1964) are a significant demographic and face challenges like low birth rates, fewer biological children to assist in old age, and potentially scarcer leisure time with increased stress.
  • Population aging is significant across all nations; predictions indicate by mid-21st century, older people will outnumber young people worldwide.
  • Demographics of Aging: In 2005, 13% of the U.S. population was over 60, and this number is expected to increase to 20% by 2030.
  • Projected increase to 50 Million in 2050 as the older people will outnumber the younger people for the first time in history.

Week 13: National and International Initiatives

  • Objective : To assess the challenges involved in caring for frail elderly people as the Baby Boom generation ages.
  • The UN Program on Ageing is part of the Division for Inclusive Social Development (DISD) within the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UNDESA).
  • This is the focal point within the United Nations system for matters related to aging.

Week 14: Trends/Issues and Challenges of the Care of the Older Persons

  • Educational trends in gerontological nursing, which are correlated with increasing education levels and include associate degrees, diplomas, and bachelor’s degrees to PhDs.
  • Trends in long-term care involving a shift away from institutional settings (nursing homes) to a variety of living facilities, such as continuing care retirement communities (CCRCS), assisted living, independent living, adult daycares, and acute care.

Week 15: Advocacy Programs Relevant to the Care of Older Persons

  • Advocacy programs help ensure the rights of elderly patients are upheld in healthcare.
  • They help navigate the system, address health disparities, and influence health policies.
  • Advocacy supports access to care, navigating the system, addressing health inequities, influencing health policy, and creating system change. This is also known as health advocacy.

Week 16: Telehealth and the Older Person

  • Telehealth allows for remote, more convenient access to care.
  • It's crucial to tailor telehealth to older adults' needs, considering sensory and motor changes (vision, hearing) and cognitive changes (processing speed, multitasking).
  • Barriers include reimbursement limitations, provider misperceptions regarding interest, and platforms that don't account for the specific needs of older adults.
  • Strategies for effective telehealth with the elderly include clear and concise instructions, utilizing readily available technology and adequate tools, and utilizing support staff to facilitate consultations.

Week 17: Entrepreneurial Opportunities in Nursing

  • Nurse entrepreneurs use their professional nursing experience to establish their businesses in the healthcare industry.
  • The roles include accounting, marketing, sales, and customer development within the business context.
  • Nurses can enter independent practices for direct patient care, nursing education, home health, or consulting.
  • Entrepreneurship requires creativity, hard work, and strong business skills.

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