Podcast
Questions and Answers
Before 1978, people in China pursued the ‘3 ______ things’ (watches, sewing machines, bicycles).
Before 1978, people in China pursued the ‘3 ______ things’ (watches, sewing machines, bicycles).
old
The ______ policy, introduced in China, restricted families to one child, resulting in heavy fines for having more children.
The ______ policy, introduced in China, restricted families to one child, resulting in heavy fines for having more children.
One Child
The ______ system in China created a divide between residents and migrants, denying migrants access to social welfare and benefits.
The ______ system in China created a divide between residents and migrants, denying migrants access to social welfare and benefits.
Huji
The ______ regions of China, including Gansu and Shaanxi, faced economic neglect and poverty, with annual incomes below USD200 for many.
The ______ regions of China, including Gansu and Shaanxi, faced economic neglect and poverty, with annual incomes below USD200 for many.
The ‘3 ______ things’ (laptops, mobile phones, digital computers) became common aspirations for people in China after the late 1990s.
The ‘3 ______ things’ (laptops, mobile phones, digital computers) became common aspirations for people in China after the late 1990s.
Flashcards
Three Old Things
Three Old Things
Refers to watches, sewing machines, and bicycles pursued before 1978.
Three New Things
Three New Things
Refers to laptops, mobile phones, and digital computers desired after the late 1990s.
Three Rural Issues
Three Rural Issues
Challenges faced by rural populations including rights protection, income gap, and underdeveloped infrastructure.
One Child Policy
One Child Policy
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Migrant Workers Issues
Migrant Workers Issues
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Study Notes
Economic and Social Changes in China
- Shifting Consumer Priorities: Pre-1978, consumer desires focused on basic items like watches, sewing machines, and bicycles. Post-1990s, preferences shifted to technologies like laptops, mobile phones, and computers.
Education Improvements
- Resumed National Examinations: The National Examination resumed in 1977.
- Universal Secondary Education: Introduced in 1986.
- Higher Education Expansion: Shenzhen Polytechnic University established in 1993.
Growing Economic Inequality
- Regional Disparities: Central and Western China faced neglect, with limited economic development compared to coastal areas.
- Low Incomes in Western Provinces: Annual incomes in provinces like Gansu and Shaanxi fell below USD200 in the past.
- Rural Development Challenges: The "Three Rural Issues" highlighting problems of rural poverty, income disparity, inadequate infrastructure, outdated agriculture, and limited mechanization.
Migrant Worker Issues
- Discrimination in the Huji System: Migrant workers were classified as second-class citizens due to the Huji system. They lacked access to social welfare benefits.
Unemployment Concerns
- State-Owned Enterprise (SOE) Failures: The decline and bankruptcy of SOEs resulted in widespread unemployment.
Population Policies and Issues
- One Child Policy Restrictions: The one-child policy imposed significant fines for extra births. It reduced population growth (annual growth rate of 1.04%) but led to an uneven sex ratio and instances of female infanticide in rural areas.
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