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Questions and Answers
What does Maximum Natality refer to?
What does Maximum Natality refer to?
Ecological or Realized Mortality reflects population loss under non-limiting environmental conditions.
Ecological or Realized Mortality reflects population loss under non-limiting environmental conditions.
False
What is meant by the term 'Natural Increase Population'?
What is meant by the term 'Natural Increase Population'?
The difference between birth rate and death rate.
Life Expectancy is the average age at which a person is calculated to _____ .
Life Expectancy is the average age at which a person is calculated to _____ .
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Match the types of Natality and Mortality with their descriptions:
Match the types of Natality and Mortality with their descriptions:
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Which of the following is NOT a factor contributing to the effects of migration?
Which of the following is NOT a factor contributing to the effects of migration?
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Natural selection plays no role in population dynamics.
Natural selection plays no role in population dynamics.
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List two factors that can affect Life Expectancy.
List two factors that can affect Life Expectancy.
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What is the study of the evolutionary history of a species called?
What is the study of the evolutionary history of a species called?
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Allopatric speciation occurs when populations become geographically isolated.
Allopatric speciation occurs when populations become geographically isolated.
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What does sexual selection refer to?
What does sexual selection refer to?
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The _____ density is defined as the number of individuals per unit area of appropriate habitat.
The _____ density is defined as the number of individuals per unit area of appropriate habitat.
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Match the following terms with their correct descriptions:
Match the following terms with their correct descriptions:
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Which of the following describes demographic information?
Which of the following describes demographic information?
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Polymorphism refers to the presence of only one form of a species in a population.
Polymorphism refers to the presence of only one form of a species in a population.
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Name one purpose of animal communication.
Name one purpose of animal communication.
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The _____ ratio is defined as the number of males to females in a population.
The _____ ratio is defined as the number of males to females in a population.
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What type of natural selection features females selecting males based on appearance?
What type of natural selection features females selecting males based on appearance?
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Who is known as the Father of Ecology?
Who is known as the Father of Ecology?
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Natural selection was defined by Alfred Russel Wallace.
Natural selection was defined by Alfred Russel Wallace.
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What term did Arthur Tansley coin?
What term did Arthur Tansley coin?
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Charles Darwin is known as the Father of __________.
Charles Darwin is known as the Father of __________.
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Match the following ecologists with their contributions:
Match the following ecologists with their contributions:
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What principle states that everything changes in the environment?
What principle states that everything changes in the environment?
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Aquatic Ecology focuses on the interaction of terrestrial organisms.
Aquatic Ecology focuses on the interaction of terrestrial organisms.
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Name one key aspect of population dynamics.
Name one key aspect of population dynamics.
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The study of interactions between organisms and their non-living environment is known as __________.
The study of interactions between organisms and their non-living environment is known as __________.
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What is one effect of increasing human population according to Thomas Malthus?
What is one effect of increasing human population according to Thomas Malthus?
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Study Notes
Ecology
- Scientific study of interactions determining distribution and abundance of organisms.
- Oikos means "home," logos means "study."
- Alexander von Humboldt considered a father of ecology.
- Aristotle (4th century BCE) was considered the first ecologist.
- Early 18th Century saw important concepts of ecology develop.
- Early 19th Century includes the work of Darwin and Wallace.
- 1926: Vladimir Vernadsky redefined the biosphere.
- 1927: Charles Elton is considered the Father of Animal Ecology.
- 1936: Arthur Tansley coined the term "ecosystem."
- Eugene and Howard Odum wrote a popular ecology textbook.
- Nature knows best, life is interconnected, finite resources.
- Ecology is the study of individuals, populations, communities, and ecosystems.
Scope of Ecology
- External factors influence organisms.
- Natural selection shapes species.
- Ernst Haeckel and Eduardo Suess contributed to ecology.
- Ecological community and biosphere are key concepts.
Biosphere
- Also known as ecosphere.
- Study of how ecological factors like organism, environment, living-non-living interactions, etc work together.
- Significance of ecology is to be aware, appreciate and understand its intricacies.
Evolutionary Ecology
- Study of interaction of environments across geological time.
- Types of evolution include microevolution, macroevolution, descent with inherited modification.
- George Cuvier studied fossil records.
- Jean Baptiste Lamarck discussed the theory of catastrophism.
- Charles Darwin introduced the concept of natural selection as a driving force in evolution.
- Thomas Malthus studied human population size and resources.
- Gregor Mendel studied genetics.
- Evolutionary processes, speciation (allopatric, sympatric), and biogeography.
Aquatic Ecology
- Study of aquatic interactions.
- Marine (sea, coral reefs) and freshwater (ponds, rivers) systems are included.
Terrestrial Ecology
- Study of land-based interactions. Includes cave and urban environments.
Behavioral Ecology
- Animal behavior due to ecological pressures.
Paleoecology
- Study of environmental interactions across geological time.
Applied Ecology
- Applying ecological principles to real-life situations.
Population Demography
- Quantitative description of population.
- Vital statistics that represent population (sex, spatial distribution, age).
- Sex ratio and polymorphism (different forms).
- Population density.
- Ecological density (population's density in a suitable habitat area).
- Lincoln-Peterson method (counting individuals for population estimates).
- Natality (birth rate) and immigration are important factors.
- Mortality rate and emigration, plus ecological/realized rates, affect population size.
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Description
Explore the fascinating field of ecology, which delves into the interactions that shape the distribution and abundance of organisms. This quiz covers fundamental concepts, historical figures, and significant developments in ecological science from Aristotle to modern-day thinkers. Test your knowledge of how nature operates and the interconnectedness of life.
