Ecology Basics

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Questions and Answers

Which level of organization includes all ecosystems on Earth?

  • Population
  • Organism
  • Biosphere (correct)
  • Community

What is the definition of ecology?

  • The study of the structure and development of living organisms
  • The study of the diversity of living organisms
  • The study of the functions and processes that occur within living organisms
  • The study of the interactions between organisms and their environment (correct)

What is an example of primary ecological succession?

  • A forest fire
  • The migration of a species to a new habitat
  • The formation of a new volcanic island (correct)
  • The growth of a new species in an existing ecosystem

What is the term for the movement of molecules across the cell membrane?

<p>Cellular transport (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the nervous system?

<p>To control and coordinate body functions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits and the other is harmed?

<p>Parasitism (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the ability of an organism to maintain a stable internal environment despite changes in the external environment?

<p>Homeostasis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of negative feedback in the human body?

<p>The regulation of body temperature (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Ecology

  • Definition: The study of the interactions between organisms and their environment
  • Levels of Organization:
    1. Organism: Individual living thing
    2. Population: Group of organisms of the same species in a specific area
    3. Community: Group of different species in a specific area
    4. Ecosystem: Community and its physical environment
    5. Biosphere: All ecosystems on Earth
  • Ecosystem Components:
    • Biotic Factors: Living components (organisms)
    • Abiotic Factors: Non-living components (water, temperature, light)
  • Ecological Relationships:
    • Predation: One organism captures and consumes another
    • Symbiosis: Close, long-term relationship between two species
      • Mutualism: Both species benefit
      • Commensalism: One species benefits, the other is unaffected
      • Parasitism: One species benefits, the other is harmed
  • Ecological Succession:
    • Primary Succession: New habitat formation (e.g., volcanic island)
    • Secondary Succession: Habitat disruption (e.g., forest fire)

Physiology

  • Definition: The study of the functions and processes that occur within living organisms
  • Cellular Physiology:
    • Cell Membrane: Semi-permeable membrane controlling what enters/leaves the cell
    • Cellular Transport: Movement of molecules across the cell membrane
      • Passive Transport: No energy required (diffusion, osmosis)
      • Active Transport: Energy required (pumps, carrier proteins)
  • Organ Systems:
    • Nervous System: Controls and coordinates body functions
    • Circulatory System: Transports oxygen and nutrients to cells
    • Respiratory System: Exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide
    • Digestive System: Breaks down and absorbs nutrients
  • Homeostasis: The ability of an organism to maintain a stable internal environment despite changes in the external environment
    • Negative Feedback: Counteracts changes to maintain homeostasis
    • Positive Feedback: Amplifies changes to achieve a specific response

Ecology

  • Definition: Study of interactions between organisms and their environment
  • Levels of Organization:
    • Organism: Individual living thing
    • Population: Group of organisms of the same species in a specific area
    • Community: Group of different species in a specific area
    • Ecosystem: Community and its physical environment
    • Biosphere: All ecosystems on Earth
  • Ecosystem Components:
    • Biotic Factors: Living components (organisms)
    • Abiotic Factors: Non-living components (water, temperature, light)
  • Ecological Relationships:
    • Predation: One organism captures and consumes another
    • Symbiosis: Close, long-term relationship between two species
      • Mutualism: Both species benefit
      • Commensalism: One species benefits, the other is unaffected
      • Parasitism: One species benefits, the other is harmed
  • Ecological Succession:
    • Primary Succession: New habitat formation (e.g., volcanic island)
    • Secondary Succession: Habitat disruption (e.g., forest fire)

Physiology

  • Definition: Study of functions and processes within living organisms
  • Cellular Physiology:
    • Cell Membrane: Semi-permeable membrane controlling what enters/leaves the cell
    • Cellular Transport: Movement of molecules across the cell membrane
      • Passive Transport: No energy required (diffusion, osmosis)
      • Active Transport: Energy required (pumps, carrier proteins)
  • Organ Systems:
    • Nervous System: Controls and coordinates body functions
    • Circulatory System: Transports oxygen and nutrients to cells
    • Respiratory System: Exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide
    • Digestive System: Breaks down and absorbs nutrients
  • Homeostasis:
    • Definition: Ability of an organism to maintain a stable internal environment
    • Mechanisms:
      • Negative Feedback: Counteracts changes to maintain homeostasis
      • Positive Feedback: Amplifies changes to achieve a specific response

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