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Questions and Answers
The changes in the community go on taking place until a complete balance is established between community and the ______.
The changes in the community go on taking place until a complete balance is established between community and the ______.
environment
A stable community established at complete equilibrium is known as a ______ community.
A stable community established at complete equilibrium is known as a ______ community.
climax
When two communities are adjacent, the transition or marginal zone between them is called an ______.
When two communities are adjacent, the transition or marginal zone between them is called an ______.
eco-tone
The principle of edges states that the eco-tone contains more species and often denser populations than the bordering ______.
The principle of edges states that the eco-tone contains more species and often denser populations than the bordering ______.
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Habitat refers to a specific place where a species normally ______.
Habitat refers to a specific place where a species normally ______.
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A tiger's habitat is the ______, while a shark's habitat is the sea.
A tiger's habitat is the ______, while a shark's habitat is the sea.
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More than one animal or plant may live in the same ______.
More than one animal or plant may live in the same ______.
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Animals exhibit habitat ______ and require specific environmental conditions to live.
Animals exhibit habitat ______ and require specific environmental conditions to live.
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The term population originates from the Latin word ______ meaning people.
The term population originates from the Latin word ______ meaning people.
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Population is defined as a group of individuals of a particular species occupying a particular area at a specific ______.
Population is defined as a group of individuals of a particular species occupying a particular area at a specific ______.
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Human populations do not have built-in behavioral mechanisms to restrict their population ______.
Human populations do not have built-in behavioral mechanisms to restrict their population ______.
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In ancient civilizations, practices such as human sacrifice and cannibalism helped prevent population ______.
In ancient civilizations, practices such as human sacrifice and cannibalism helped prevent population ______.
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With modern medical care, infant mortality has been considerably ______.
With modern medical care, infant mortality has been considerably ______.
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All nations aim to achieve a higher standard of living, which includes adequate ______, good health, and education.
All nations aim to achieve a higher standard of living, which includes adequate ______, good health, and education.
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The increase of population in every year became greater than in the previous year, gradually resulting in massive ______.
The increase of population in every year became greater than in the previous year, gradually resulting in massive ______.
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Understanding different factors responsible for controlling population ______ is essential for sustainable development.
Understanding different factors responsible for controlling population ______ is essential for sustainable development.
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A fish lives in an aquatic ______.
A fish lives in an aquatic ______.
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A river fish can only live in ______ water.
A river fish can only live in ______ water.
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The subdivisions of habitats with different environmental conditions are called ______.
The subdivisions of habitats with different environmental conditions are called ______.
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In a pond, some organisms are surface dwellers while others are ______ dwellers.
In a pond, some organisms are surface dwellers while others are ______ dwellers.
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The total requirements of a species are referred to as its ecological ______.
The total requirements of a species are referred to as its ecological ______.
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Hutchinson suggested that the niche could be modeled as an imaginary space with many ______.
Hutchinson suggested that the niche could be modeled as an imaginary space with many ______.
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The common toad changes its niche from aquatic as a tadpole to ______ as an adult.
The common toad changes its niche from aquatic as a tadpole to ______ as an adult.
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Two organisms may share the same habitat but occupy different ecological ______.
Two organisms may share the same habitat but occupy different ecological ______.
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The current population of India is at 132.42 ______ (as of 2016).
The current population of India is at 132.42 ______ (as of 2016).
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The annual growth rate is calculated in percent per ______.
The annual growth rate is calculated in percent per ______.
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Increased population puts strains on the ______ of the world.
Increased population puts strains on the ______ of the world.
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Population density is defined as the total number of people per unit of ______.
Population density is defined as the total number of people per unit of ______.
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States like Assam and Himachal Pradesh have a reduced population ______.
States like Assam and Himachal Pradesh have a reduced population ______.
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The birth rate in India has always been higher than the death ______.
The birth rate in India has always been higher than the death ______.
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Migration can be classified as internal or ______.
Migration can be classified as internal or ______.
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The birth rate is measured in the number of children born per 1000 people in a ______.
The birth rate is measured in the number of children born per 1000 people in a ______.
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Development of agriculture and industry can lead to increased employment and improved standard of living for a large number of ______.
Development of agriculture and industry can lead to increased employment and improved standard of living for a large number of ______.
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Those who earn less than Rs. 100 per month tend to have a higher reproduction rate of ______ children.
Those who earn less than Rs. 100 per month tend to have a higher reproduction rate of ______ children.
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Urban areas are characterized by a ______ birth rate compared to rural areas.
Urban areas are characterized by a ______ birth rate compared to rural areas.
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Late marriage is recommended to occur at the age of ______ years to help reduce the birth rate.
Late marriage is recommended to occur at the age of ______ years to help reduce the birth rate.
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Family planning allows people to control birth rates through the implementation of ______ measures.
Family planning allows people to control birth rates through the implementation of ______ measures.
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Distinct recreational facilities such as cinema and sports could lead to a probable ______ in birth rates.
Distinct recreational facilities such as cinema and sports could lead to a probable ______ in birth rates.
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Communication media like T.V. and radio play a crucial role in spreading the benefits of planned ______ in rural communities.
Communication media like T.V. and radio play a crucial role in spreading the benefits of planned ______ in rural communities.
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Governments may offer various types of ______ to encourage people to adopt birth control measures.
Governments may offer various types of ______ to encourage people to adopt birth control measures.
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Urbanization occurs because people move from ______ areas to urban areas.
Urbanization occurs because people move from ______ areas to urban areas.
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One cause of urbanization is ______, which creates job opportunities.
One cause of urbanization is ______, which creates job opportunities.
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Many ______ factors, such as the attraction of cities, also induce people to migrate.
Many ______ factors, such as the attraction of cities, also induce people to migrate.
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Rural people often migrate to cities due to irregularities in ______ on which agriculture depends.
Rural people often migrate to cities due to irregularities in ______ on which agriculture depends.
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Urban regions are characterized by improved infrastructure, communication, and ______ facilities.
Urban regions are characterized by improved infrastructure, communication, and ______ facilities.
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Rural-urban transformation indicates that rural communities are adopting ______ culture.
Rural-urban transformation indicates that rural communities are adopting ______ culture.
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An increase in ______ rates among rural people has been observed, contributing to urbanization.
An increase in ______ rates among rural people has been observed, contributing to urbanization.
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Modern ______ and transportation have become common among rural people.
Modern ______ and transportation have become common among rural people.
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Study Notes
Succession
- Interacting populations of a community experience continuous death and replacement.
- Immigration and emigration (one-way movement from the home range) of individuals are also common.
- Community composition and structure change until equilibrium is reached, known as succession.
- A stable community, called the climax community, experiences little or no change.
- Communities that show gradual changes are called a gradient, characterized by consistent floristic composition.
Ecotones
- A transition zone or marginal zone occurs between adjacent communities where species intermingle.
- An ecotone is a transition zone strictly between bordering communities.
- Ectotones often have more species diversity and population density than the bordering communities.
- This higher diversity is due to the wider range of suitable environmental conditions in the zone.
Habitat, Microhabitat, and Niche
- Habitat is the specific place where a species lives (e.g., tiger in forest, shark in sea).
- Microhabitats are subdivisions of a habitat with different environmental conditions (e.g., surface dwellers vs. bottom dwellers in a pond).
- Niche reflects all aspects of a species' requirements in its environment including resources as well as physical conditions needed to survive and thrive.
- The niche describes a species' role within its habitat, not just the location.
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Description
Test your knowledge on ecology and population dynamics with this quiz. Explore concepts like community balance, habitats, and population characteristics. Perfect for students studying environmental science.
