Ecology and Population Dynamics Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is population restoration reinforcement?

  • Introducing non-native species into a new habitat
  • Eliminating a species from its historical range
  • Releasing individuals into an area with no existing populations
  • Releasing individuals into an area with an existing population of conspecifics (correct)

    • Carrying capacity is irrelevant when selecting a release site for species.

    False

    What phenomenon occurs when apex predators are eradicated, leading to the growth of mesopredator populations?

    Mesopredator release

    In pest control, ______ refers to the buildup of chemicals in organisms at higher trophic levels.

    <p>biomagnification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the pest control methods with their respective benefits and costs:

    <p>Sanitation = Cleaner area but higher costs for containers Physical = Prevents pest effects but requires monitoring Biological = Natural means of pest control but potential unexpected interactions Chemical = Effective in killing pests but may affect non-target species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a primary mode of transportation for non-native species?

    <p>Ballast water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Invasive species are only harmful to human health.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one advantage of in situ conservation efforts.

    <p>Applicable to ecosystems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The process of managing pest species to keep their populations small includes methods like ______ and biological pest control.

    <p>sanitation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the pest control methods with their corresponding descriptions:

    <p>Sanitation = Removal of pest resources Biological pest control = Promoted populations to control pests Chemical pest control = Using chemicals like glyphosate Physical pest control = Excluding and removing pests</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is propagule pressure?

    <p>High number of release-events and large number of individuals released</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ex situ conservation involves keeping organisms in their natural range.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one disadvantage of in situ conservation?

    <p>Little or no control over environmental variables</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main argument against conservation translocation?

    <p>It can negatively affect other species.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Soft release involves acclimatizing individuals to their environment before full release.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of disease screenings before the release of translocated populations?

    <p>To prevent the introduction of diseases or parasites to the release sites.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Headstarting is a conservation technique where individuals are brought into captivity during a vulnerable stage of life and then __________ back to the wild.

    <p>translocated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the types of release with their definitions:

    <p>Soft release = Acclimatization in enclosures before full release Hard release = Immediate release into the new environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    One major requirement for a suitable release site is that it must accommodate which of the following?

    <p>All stages of the species' life cycle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Birds and reptiles are the most commonly translocated species.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three main issues to consider when selecting a release site?

    <p>Suitability of the release site, carrying capacity, species interactions, and socioeconomic acceptability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a disadvantage of ex situ conservation efforts?

    <p>They require high ongoing costs and a lot of space.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The minimum viable population (MVP) has a 90-99 percent chance of remaining extant for 100 years.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of conservation triage?

    <p>To focus resources on populations with higher chances of survival while abandoning some populations to extinction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The process by which the minimum viable population for a species is calculated is known as _____ Analysis.

    <p>Population Viability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their definitions:

    <p>Extinction vortex = A series of linked processes leading to extinction. Extinction debt = Future extinction of species due to past disturbances. Allee effects = Reduced fitness in small populations due to social factors. Inbreeding depression = Decreased fitness associated with increased homozygosity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a factor contributing to the extinction vortex?

    <p>Population bottlenecks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Captive breeding programs always result in improved genetic diversity.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are two effects of ex situ conservation on animal behavior?

    <p>Altered animal behavior and phenotypic changes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a keystone species?

    <p>A species that has a disproportionately large effect on its ecosystem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) improve ecosystem stability and resiliency.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define 'rewilding'.

    <p>Restoring a large habitat area to its natural, self-sustaining state.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An ______ species indirectly protects other species by generating public awareness and political willingness.

    <p>umbrella</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following species categories with their definitions:

    <p>Keystone species = Species with a large effect on an ecosystem Ecosystem engineer = Species that maintain habitat for others Flagship species = Species that generate public awareness Umbrella species = Species that protect others through shared habitat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is a characteristic of a Global Biodiversity Hotspot?

    <p>Has more than 1500 endemic plant species and a significant loss of vegetation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Crisis ecoregions are areas that have high protection and low conversion.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is conservation translocation?

    <p>The release of wild or captive bred individuals into the wild for conservation purposes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is called when individuals are released into an area outside of the species' historical range to fill an ecological niche left vacant?

    <p>Ecological Replacement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an argument against conducting a conservation translocation? (Select all that apply)

    <p>It is difficult to define 'success' of these programs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Marine protected areas cover about 8% of the ocean currently.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of soft release techniques in conservation?

    <p>To acclimate and support released individuals to adapt to the wild.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ___ is when species are released into an area with conspecifics present to decrease their dispersal.

    <p>Release</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All marine protected areas prevent the exploitation and taking of its natural resources.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following conservation methods with their descriptions:

    <p>Reintroduction = Bringing a species back to its historical habitat Assisted colonization = Introducing species to a new area outside their historical range Ex situ management = Conservation efforts outside of the natural habitat CITES = An agreement to regulate international trade of endangered species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a reason to use wild individuals for translocations?

    <p>Quarantine period may be required</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Population Restoration Reinforcement

    • The release of individuals into an area where the species historically lived, and where an existing population of the same species already lives.
    • Three key considerations for release site selection:
      • Suitability of the release site
      • Carrying capacity
      • Species interactions
      • Socioeconomic acceptability

    Mesopredator Release Effects

    • Occurs when larger apex predators are removed (either through eradication or introduction of an exotic species), leading to a growth in the populations of medium-sized predators that were previously kept in check by the larger predators.

    Competitive Release

    • Large-scale eradication events, either natural or human-caused, can cause a population boom in other species that had previously been in competition with the eradicated species.

    Chemical Pest Control

    • Can have detrimental effects on entire ecosystems due to biomagnification – the accumulation of chemicals in organisms at higher trophic levels.
    • Negative impacts on ecosystems, communities, species, and populations can occur due to non-native species introduction.

    Sanitation Methods

    • Benefit: Creates a cleaner area to deter pest species, preventing attraction.
    • Cost: More expensive to create pest-resistant containers, and requires ongoing cleaning.

    Physical Methods

    • Benefit: Prevents pest species from impacting the area (e.g., through traps or other physical deterrents).
    • Cost: Requires manufacturing, maintenance, and monitoring of traps; traps can affect non-pest species.

    Biological Methods

    • Benefit: Can reduce pest species populations naturally.
    • Cost: Potential unforeseen interactions with other species in the surrounding environment.

    Chemical Methods

    • Benefit: Kills pest species to protect crops and infrastructure.
    • Cost: Can negatively affect other species, potentially through the food chain.
    • Cost: Possible impact on other species within the food chain.

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    Related Documents

    Population Restoration Reinforcement PDF
    Non-Native Species Conservation Strategies PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on population restoration, mesopredator release effects, competitive release, and the impacts of chemical pest control on ecosystems. This quiz covers critical concepts essential for understanding ecological balance and species interactions.

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