Ecology and Mollusca Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which level of ecology refers to a specific species?

  • Ecosystem
  • Organism (correct)
  • Community
  • Population

    • A population consists of individuals from different species.

    False

    What is the main characteristic of organisms belonging to the phylum Mollusca?

    Soft-bodied with internal or external shells

    The four parts of a mollusk's body plan are the foot, mantle, shell, and _______.

    <p>visceral mass</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following phylum with their example species:

    <p>Mollusca = Clams, squid, octopus Porifera = Sponges Cnidaria = Jellyfish Platyhelminthes = Flatworms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of circulatory system do mollusks have?

    <p>Open circulatory system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Malthus' theory, what is the relationship between population growth and food production?

    <p>Population grows in geometric progression while food production grows in arithmetic progression.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The respiration system of mollusks primarily uses lungs.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Preventive checks include factors like war and disease.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primarily feeding structure in mollusks called?

    <p>Radula</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two main types of checks that can regulate population size according to Malthus?

    <p>Preventive and positive checks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Malthus, population always increases when the means of subsistence increase unless prevented by some powerful ______.

    <p>checks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their definitions:

    <p>Fossils = Preserved remains or impressions of ancient organisms Homologous = Similar structures but not in function Analogous = Anatomically dissimilar structures with the same function Vestigial = Structures that are no longer functional in an organism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a vestigial structure in humans?

    <p>Wisdom tooth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ecology only studies biotic factors within an environment.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the size of a population according to the Malthusian principle?

    <p>The availability of food</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of living organisms?

    <p>Photosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Homeostasis refers to the ability of an organism to reproduce.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes the ability of an organism to adjust to changes in environmental conditions?

    <p>Adaptation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ______ are living organisms that shape their environment.

    <p>Biotic factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following characteristics of living organisms with their definitions:

    <p>Cellular organization = All living things are made up of cells. Growth and development = Increase in size through cell division. Constant energy requirement = Need for energy to sustain life. Responsiveness = Ability to respond to environmental stimuli.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an abiotic factor in an ecosystem?

    <p>Water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Reproduction is essential for the survival of individual organisms.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name a biotic factor found in a terrestrial ecosystem.

    <p>Plants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Malthusian Principle

    • Population size is limited by food availability; more food leads to a larger sustainable population.
    • Population growth follows geometric progression (multiples), while food production increases in arithmetic progression (addition).
    • Population tends to increase when means of subsistence increase, unless powerful checks intervene.
    • Population control mechanisms are categorized as:
      • Positive checks (e.g., starvation, war, disease)
      • Preventive checks (e.g., abstaining from sex, promoting late marriage, using contraceptives)

    Biological Terms

    • Fossils: Preserved remains/impressions of ancient organisms, including bones, shells, and exoskeletons.
    • Homologous structures: Similar in structure but different in function.
    • Analogous structures: Different anatomical structures serving similar functions.
    • Vestigial structures: Non-functional remnants, like the human appendix and wisdom teeth.

    Ecology

    • Ecology: Study of interactions among organisms and their environments.
    • Levels of Ecology:
      • Organism: Specific species
      • Population: Group of the same species
      • Community: Populations in an area
      • Ecosystem: Community with abiotic factors
      • Biome: Ecosystem with similar climate (e.g., tundra, desert)
      • Biosphere: Global sum of all ecosystems

    Taxonomy and Phyla

    • Phyla Examples: Mollusca, Porifera, Cnidaria, Platyhelminthes, Nematoda
    • Phylum Mollusca:
      • Consists of soft-bodied animals, often with shells (internal or external).
      • Examples: Clams, squid, octopus, mussels, sea slugs.
      • Development includes a free-swimming larval stage called trochophore.

    Phylum Mollusca Features

    • Body Plan: Four parts

      • Foot: Used for movement (crawling, burrowing)
      • Mantle: Tissue covering organs
      • Shell: Secreted by mantle, made of calcium carbonate
      • Visceral mass: Contains internal organs

    • Feeding:

      • Uses radula (a ribbon of teeth).
      • Some filter feeders use incurrent and excurrent siphons.

    • Respiration and Circulation:

      • Respiration through gills.
      • Open circulatory system with heart and open sinuses.

    • Response and Movement:

      • Clams have a simple nervous system; octopuses exhibit complex behaviors with brains.
      • Movement facilitated by mucus, muscles, or jet propulsion.

    Characteristics of Living Organisms

    • Cellular organization: Composed of cells, tissues, organs, systems, and organisms.
    • Homeostasis: Maintenance of a stable internal environment.
    • Adaptation: Ability to adjust to environmental changes.
    • Reproduction: Essential for sustaining life.
    • Growth and development: Increase in size through cell division.
    • Energy requirements: Continuous energy needed for life processes.
    • Responsiveness: Ability to react to environmental stimuli.

    Biotic and Abiotic Factors

    • Biotic factors: Living organisms shaping environments (e.g., plants, fish).
    • Abiotic factors: Non-living environmental elements (e.g., temperature, light, water, soil).

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on ecology, focusing on population levels and specific species. Additionally, explore the characteristics of the phylum Mollusca, including its body plan and circulatory system. Match phyla with their example species to deepen your understanding.

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