Ecology and Evolution Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary factor that determines the realized niche of a species?

  • Physical environment
  • Genetic adaptations of the species
  • Biological interactions with other species (correct)
  • Availability of resources

Which type of natural selection favors individuals with average traits?

  • Stabilizing selection (correct)
  • Artificial selection
  • Disruptive selection
  • Directional selection

What is the term for the unique set of environmental conditions and resources that a species requires to survive and reproduce?

  • Habitat
  • Ecological niche (correct)
  • Biological community
  • Species interaction

Which of the following is NOT a component of an ecological niche?

<p>Geographic location (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process by which individuals with advantageous traits are more likely to survive and reproduce?

<p>Natural selection (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of selection occurs when different environments favor different traits?

<p>Disruptive selection (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the interactions between different species in a biological community?

<p>Species interaction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key component of natural selection?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the full range of conditions and resources a species can tolerate?

<p>Fundamental niche (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of selection favors individuals with extreme traits?

<p>Both a and c (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Ecological Niches

  • Definition: An ecological niche is the unique set of environmental conditions and resources that a species requires to survive and reproduce.
  • Components of an ecological niche:
    • Physical environment (e.g. temperature, light, water)
    • Resources (e.g. food, nutrients, shelter)
    • Biological interactions (e.g. competition, predation, symbiosis)
  • Types of ecological niches:
    • Fundamental niche: The full range of conditions and resources a species can tolerate.
    • Realized niche: The actual range of conditions and resources a species occupies due to interactions with other species.

Natural Selection

  • Definition: The process by which individuals with advantageous traits are more likely to survive and reproduce, passing those traits to their offspring.
  • Key components of natural selection:
    • Variation: Genetic differences among individuals in a population.
    • Heritability: The ability of traits to be passed from parents to offspring.
    • Differential reproduction: The difference in reproductive success between individuals with different traits.
  • Types of natural selection:
    • Directional selection: Favoring individuals with extreme traits.
    • Stabilizing selection: Favoring individuals with average traits.
    • Disruptive selection: Favoring individuals with extreme traits in different environments.

Species Interactions

  • Definition: The interactions between different species in a biological community.
  • Types of species interactions:
    • Predation: One species captures and consumes another.
    • Competition: Species compete for shared resources.
    • Symbiosis: Long-term, close relationships between species.
    • Mutualism: Both species benefit from the interaction.
    • Commensalism: One species benefits, the other is not affected.
    • Parasitism: One species benefits, the other is harmed.
  • Examples of species interactions:
    • Predator-prey relationships (e.g. lion-zebra)
    • Competition for resources (e.g. plants competing for light)
    • Symbiotic relationships (e.g. clownfish-sea anemone)

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