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Questions and Answers
What is the primary focus of ecology?
What is the process by which organisms with favorable traits are more likely to survive and reproduce?
What is the molecule that contains genetic information?
What is the process of cell division that results in four non-identical daughter cells?
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What is the term for the variety of species, genes, and ecosystems?
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What is the term for the unique role of a species in its environment?
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What is the term for the genetic makeup of an organism?
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What is the term for the thin layer of lipid and protein molecules that surrounds the cell?
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Which of the following is an example of a symbiotic relationship in an ecosystem?
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What is the primary mechanism of evolution that results in the adaptation of a population to its environment?
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What is the term for the process by which water moves through a plant, from the roots to the leaves, and is then released into the air as water vapor?
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What is the term for the process by which an organism's genetic information is passed from one generation to the next?
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What is the term for the movement of genes from one population to another, resulting in gene flow?
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What is the term for the process by which an organism's genetic information is expressed in its physical characteristics?
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What is the term for the complex network of relationships between organisms and their environment in an ecosystem?
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What is the term for the process by which cells become specialized to perform specific functions?
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What is the term for the process by which an organism's cells become more specialized to perform specific functions?
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What is the term for the process by which cells in an organism work together to perform specific functions?
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Study Notes
Biology
Ecology
- Study of the interactions between organisms and their environment
- Examines the relationships between biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) factors
- Key concepts:
- Ecosystem: community of living organisms and their physical environment
- Biodiversity: variety of species, genes, and ecosystems
- Food web: network of feeding relationships between organisms
- Ecological niche: unique role of a species in its environment
- Succession: process of change in an ecosystem over time
Evolution
- Study of the processes that have shaped the diversity of life on Earth
- Key concepts:
- Natural selection: process by which organisms with favorable traits are more likely to survive and reproduce
- Speciation: process by which new species emerge
- Adaptation: trait that enhances an organism's ability to survive and reproduce
- Phylogeny: study of the evolutionary history of organisms
- Fossil record: chronological record of the history of life on Earth
Genetics
- Study of heredity and variation
- Key concepts:
- DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid): molecule that contains genetic information
- Genes: segments of DNA that code for specific traits
- Alleles: different forms of a gene
- Genotype: genetic makeup of an organism
- Phenotype: physical and behavioral characteristics of an organism
- Inheritance patterns: how traits are passed from parents to offspring
Cell Biology
- Study of the structure, function, and behavior of cells
- Key concepts:
- Cell membrane: thin layer of lipid and protein molecules that surrounds the cell
- Cytoplasm: jelly-like substance inside the cell membrane
- Organelles: specialized structures within the cell that perform specific functions
- Mitosis: process of cell division that results in two identical daughter cells
- Meiosis: process of cell division that results in four non-identical daughter cells
- Cell signaling: communication between cells through molecular signals
Ecology
- Interactions between organisms and their environment are studied to understand the relationships between biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) factors
- An ecosystem consists of a community of living organisms and their physical environment
- Biodiversity refers to the variety of species, genes, and ecosystems
- A food web is a network of feeding relationships between organisms
- An ecological niche refers to the unique role of a species in its environment
- Succession is the process of change in an ecosystem over time
Evolution
- Natural selection is the process by which organisms with favorable traits are more likely to survive and reproduce
- Speciation is the process by which new species emerge
- An adaptation is a trait that enhances an organism's ability to survive and reproduce
- Phylogeny is the study of the evolutionary history of organisms
- The fossil record provides a chronological record of the history of life on Earth
Genetics
- DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is the molecule that contains genetic information
- Genes are segments of DNA that code for specific traits
- Alleles are different forms of a gene
- The genotype refers to the genetic makeup of an organism
- The phenotype refers to the physical and behavioral characteristics of an organism
- Inheritance patterns describe how traits are passed from parents to offspring
Cell Biology
- The cell membrane is a thin layer of lipid and protein molecules that surrounds the cell
- Cytoplasm is the jelly-like substance inside the cell membrane
- Organelles are specialized structures within the cell that perform specific functions
- Mitosis is the process of cell division that results in two identical daughter cells
- Meiosis is the process of cell division that results in four non-identical daughter cells
- Cell signaling refers to the communication between cells through molecular signals
Ecology
- Study of interactions between organisms and their environment
- Ecosystem: Community of organisms and their physical environment
- Community: Group of different species living in a specific area
- Population: Group of individuals of the same species
- Organism: Individual living thing
- Energy Flow: Energy transfer from one trophic level to the next
- Nutrient Cycling: Recycling of nutrients through ecosystems
- Symbiosis: Close, long-term relationships between different species
Evolution
- Definition: Change in the genetic makeup of a population over time
- Natural Selection: Differential reproduction due to variation in traits
- Genetic Drift: Random change in gene frequency
- Gene Flow: Movement of genes from one population to another
- Mutation: Change in DNA sequence
- Fossil Record: Gradual changes in fossil forms over time
- Comparative Anatomy: Similarities and differences in body structures
- Molecular Biology: Similarities in DNA and protein sequences
Genetics
- Definition: Study of heredity and variation
- DNA Structure: Double helix model with sugar-phosphate backbone and nitrogenous bases
- Genes and Genomes: Units of heredity and complete sets of genetic information
- Mendelian Inheritance: Laws of inheritance based on segregation and independent assortment
- Meiosis: Cell division resulting in gametes (sperm and egg cells)
- Mitosis: Cell division resulting in daughter cells with same number of chromosomes
Cell Biology
- Definition: Study of cell structure, function, and behavior
- Plasma Membrane: Semi-permeable membrane surrounding the cell
- Cytoplasm: Region between the membrane and nucleus
- Nucleus: Control center of the cell containing DNA
- Organelles: Specialized structures with specific functions (e.g. mitochondria, ribosomes)
- Metabolism: Energy conversion and chemical reactions
- Cell Signaling: Communication between cells through signaling pathways
- Cell Division: Process of cell growth, replication, and division
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Description
Explore the fascinating world of ecology, studying the interactions between living organisms and their environment. Learn about key concepts like ecosystems, biodiversity, food webs, and ecological niches.
