Ecology and Energy Systems Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following correctly describes ecological biocapacity?

  • The total area required to absorb all carbon emissions produced by a population.
  • The ecological footprint of a population measured in global hectares.
  • The productivity of ecological assets including cropland, forest land, and fishing grounds. (correct)
  • The amount of natural resources consumed by a population in a given year.

    • What are ecosystem services primarily concerned with?

  • The financial value of natural resources in economic production.
  • The extent to which land can produce food and fiber.
  • The benefits that arise from natural capital, such as clean air and water. (correct)
  • The measurement of ecological deficit or reserve in global hectares.

    • Which of the following represents a component of natural capital?

  • Ecological reserves measured in square kilometers.
  • Natural resource stocks, land, and ecosystems. (correct)
  • Footprint calculators used for measuring carbon emissions.
  • The amount of livestock products consumed by a population.

    • What does an ecological overshoot indicate?

    <p>The total ecological footprint exceeding the available biocapacity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which measurement unit is primarily used for assessing ecological assets?

    <p>Global hectares.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which energy system involves transforming the energy source into electricity and has waste generated?

    <p>Nuclear electricity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which biofuel option categorically encompasses all three stages of energy system utilization?

    <p>Biodiesel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common feature of both solar thermal and geothermal energy systems as depicted in the table?

    <p>Both are renewable energy sources.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following energy systems solely utilized water motion without producing electricity?

    <p>Tidal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which option represents an energy source that has a process characterized by 'Take' and 'Make' without an explicit waste production?

    <p>Wind motion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage reduction in carbon footprint has been achieved since 2008?

    <p>35%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT one of the areas of focus in reducing environmental impact?

    <p>Community Engagement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What measures are included under the Transportation area of focus?

    <p>Cool Travel and Cool CO2mmute</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant challenge faced by rural areas in Japan?

    <p>Aging society</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following technologies is part of elder care solutions in Japan?

    <p>Hybrid Assistive Limbs (HALs)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of a seed bank?

    <p>To maintain and protect biodiversity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organization is focused on seed conservation in India?

    <p>Sahaja Samruda</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a consequence of drought conditions and modern agricultural practices?

    <p>Pressure on ecosystems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of the Brundtland definition of sustainable development?

    <p>Meeting the needs of the present without jeopardizing future generations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a significant output of the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment (UNCHE) in 1972?

    <p>The Stockholm Declaration and Action Plan for the Human Environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT related to the early environmental movement concerns?

    <p>Advancement of agricultural technology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What year did the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) officially begin?

    <p>2015</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the acronym UNEP stand for, established from the UNCHE 1972?

    <p>United Nations Environmental Program</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor related to electric vehicles can impact competitiveness in the market?

    <p>Resource availability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best represents the interconnectedness of sustainable development?

    <p>Economy, Environment, Society</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following are important aspects of electric vehicle infrastructure development?

    <p>Charging stations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Paris Agreement seek to achieve?

    <p>Limit global warming to well below 2 degrees Celsius</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which principle was NOT part of the 26 principles agreed upon at the UNCHE in 1972?

    <p>Displacement of indigenous communities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect has industrial activity had on atmospheric CO2 levels since the late 20th century?

    <p>Significant increase to around 425 ppmv</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which renewable energy source is associated with conversion to electricity via motion?

    <p>Hydropower</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one challenge faced by the electric vehicle industry regarding materials?

    <p>Sufficient supply of lithium for batteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What property of materials is critical for evaluating their use in electric vehicles?

    <p>Energy and power density</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do emissions levels today compare with historical CO2 levels indicated by ice core data?

    <p>They have surpassed the highest pre-industrial levels recorded.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of the 4Rs (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle, Recover) is specifically relevant to the electric vehicle industry?

    <p>Battery recycling processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of Input-Output (I-O) Analysis?

    <p>To represent an economic system and understand inter-industry relationships</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which methodology is primarily concerned with the environmental burden of a product from design to disposal?

    <p>Life Cycle Assessment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Industrial Ecology emphasize about industrial systems?

    <p>They should mimic natural ecosystems for sustainability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the 'Cradle-to-Grave' approach?

    <p>It examines the entire life cycle of a product, including post-use waste.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of questions does Input-Output analysis aim to answer?

    <p>How industries are affected by changes in demand for products</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key feature of Life Cycle Assessment in product evaluation?

    <p>It accounts for pollution at every stage of product life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'inter-industry analysis' refer to in the context of I-O Analysis?

    <p>Examination of how different industries interact and depend on each other.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an essential aspect of industrial ecology?

    <p>Facilitating energy and material exchanges between organizations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which energy source is ONLY associated with producing electricity without waste generation?

    <p>Wind electricity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following biofuel options includes all stages of energy system utilization?

    <p>Biodiesel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the energy systems table, which of the following is NOT indicated to have a 'Make' stage?

    <p>Solar thermal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following energy systems involves transforming energy sources without explicit waste generation?

    <p>Geothermal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which energy source typically involves energy captured from organic materials?

    <p>Bioethanol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does sustainable development aim to achieve?

    <p>Meeting the needs of the present without compromising future generations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which important output was created by the UN Conference on the Human Environment in 1972?

    <p>The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary focus of the 26 principles agreed upon at the UNCHE in 1972?

    <p>Environmental issues as a global concern</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant event did the Paris Agreement address?

    <p>Climate change and its global impact</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect is NOT considered a fundamental pillar of sustainable development?

    <p>Monopolization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a key outcome of the 2015 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)?

    <p>Agenda for addressing climate change and global inequality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which element of sustainability encompasses social, economic, and environmental factors?

    <p>Integrated sustainable development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did the UNCHE 1972 influence the relationship between industrialized and developing countries?

    <p>By opening channels for dialogue on economic growth and pollution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which advantage is associated with genetically modified crops?

    <p>Decreased prices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a disadvantage of genetically modified crops?

    <p>Gene spilling/transfer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which initiative is California undertaking to reduce its environmental footprint?

    <p>Energy efficiency retrofits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a benefit of Burlington, Vermont's achievement in renewable energy?

    <p>Lower average electricity cost</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following options is NOT a part of the 100 Things Challenge?

    <p>Luxury jewelry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which item category contains the most items in the 100 Things Challenge?

    <p>Casual Clothes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one important feature of the LEED certification process?

    <p>Reduced energy consumption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common misconception related to gene transfer in genetically modified organisms?

    <p>It does not affect non-GMO crops</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which area focuses on reducing emissions through partnerships and collaborations?

    <p>Climate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which technology is associated with improving elder care in Japan?

    <p>Hybrid Assistive Limbs (HALs)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a seed bank?

    <p>To store seeds for future use</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which solar power project is located in India?

    <p>Bhadla Solar Park</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage reduction in carbon footprint has occurred since 1996?

    <p>50%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organization is NOT mentioned as focused on seed conservation in India?

    <p>Food Sovereignty Alliance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which initiative involves collecting rainwater in Japan?

    <p>Domes - Japan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What major issue does Japan face regarding its rural population?

    <p>Aging population</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Input-Output (I-O) Analysis primarily used for?

    <p>Representing economic systems and inter-industry relationships</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method examines the environmental impact of a product throughout its entire lifecycle?

    <p>Life Cycle Assessment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'Cradle-to-Grave' refer to in the context of environmental assessments?

    <p>Evaluating a product's lifecycle from design to disposal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What unique perspective does Industrial Ecology apply to industrial systems?

    <p>They should mimic natural ecosystems by integrating energy and material exchanges.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect is NOT considered in a Life Cycle Assessment?

    <p>Marketing costs associated with a product</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of tables are included in the System of National Accounts for I-O Analysis?

    <p>Make and Use tables</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one goal of Input-Output Analysis in economic systems?

    <p>Evaluating the environmental life-cycle impact of products</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Industrial Ecology view organizations within an economy?

    <p>As interconnected systems that exchange energy and materials.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to the utilization of one industry's waste stream as a resource by another industry?

    <p>By-product Synergy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process describes the reduction of material use and energy consumption in production systems?

    <p>Dematerialization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which concept involves creating systems that minimize environmental impact throughout the product lifecycle?

    <p>Eco-design</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which industry category does not primarily include by-products in its waste streams?

    <p>Machinery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to the balance of resource use that considers the impacts across production, consumption, and disposal?

    <p>Industrial Ecology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term '4Rs' stand for in environmental management?

    <p>Reduce, Reuse, Recycle, Recover</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of industrial goods, which of the following is primarily concerned with the impacts during the 'Use' phase?

    <p>Use</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not a category of services that has sectoral impacts mentioned?

    <p>Retail Management</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes a key feature of system dynamics?

    <p>Focuses on mathematical modeling techniques</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Causal loop diagrams only show isolated variables without connecting them.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of feedback loops in system dynamics modeling?

    <p>To represent how changes in one variable affect other variables over time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The _____ relationships in system dynamics help predict and control outcomes.

    <p>causal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the features of causal loop diagrams with their descriptions:

    <p>Feedback loops = Show how changes in one variable impact others Cause-and-effect relationships = Visual representation of systemic interactions Interventions = Develop strategies for better outcomes Emergent behavior = Results that arise from the interaction of system components</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What method primarily helps to explore the long-term behavior of a system under different scenarios?

    <p>Simulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    System dynamics and systems thinking focus exclusively on quantitative analysis.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Describe the significance of identifying causal relationships in system dynamics.

    <p>Identifying causal relationships helps to determine where actions have the greatest impact and improve control over outcomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an important consideration when comparing different sustainable approaches?

    <p>Long-term implications and three pillars of sustainability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Environmental Impact Assessments are only required for small-scale projects.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of sustainability comparisons evaluates the fair treatment of different demographic groups?

    <p>Social equity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sustainability comparisons must include assessments of both __________ and qualitative data.

    <p>quantitative</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following sustainability concepts with their descriptions:

    <p>Economic Sustainability = Promoting responsible use of resources Environmental Impact Assessment = Evaluates environmental safeguards for projects Sustainability Indicators = Metrics used to assess sustainability progress Social Equity = Fair treatment across various demographics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key element of economic sustainability?

    <p>Ensuring the efficient use of resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sustainability indicators can only be used to assess economic aspects of development.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of environmental impact assessments (EIAs)?

    <p>To assess the potential environmental consequences of a project or activity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Economic sustainability ensures economic systems are resilient, productive, and ___ .

    <p>fair</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following indicates a positive trend in sustainability indicators?

    <p>Increased job creation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following sustainability indicators with their corresponding aspects:

    <p>Emissions levels = Environmental aspect Economic growth rates = Economic aspect Human development index = Social aspect Social equity = Social aspect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Environmental impact assessments are optional processes in project planning.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should the choice of sustainability indicators depend on?

    <p>The system under study and the objectives of the assessment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Sustainable Development Definition

    • Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
    • This definition was established in 1987 by the World Commission on Environment and Development (WCED).

    History of the Environmental Movement

    • Local pollution (rivers, streets, exhaust emissions)
    • Spread of diseases (epidemics, pandemics)
    • Loss of leisure (traffic jams, overtime, fewer holidays)
    • Physical degradation (construction, mining, deforestation)

    History of Sustainable Development Milestones

    • UNCHE 1972 (United Nations Conference on the Human Environment, Stockholm):
      • Agreed on 26 principles
      • Placed environmental issues at the forefront of international concerns
      • Marked the start of a dialogue between industrialized and developing countries on the link between economic growth, pollution of air, water, and oceans and well-being of people.
      • Output #1: Stockholm Declaration and Action Plan for the Human Environment
      • Global Environmental Assessment Programme
      • Environmental management activities
      • International activity carried out at national and international levels.
      • Output #2: creation of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)
    • WCED 1987 (World Commission on Environment and Development): Defined sustainable development.
    • Rio 1992 (Earth Summit)
    • Johannesburg 2002
    • Rio+20 2012
    • SDGs 2015 (Sustainable Development Goals): A set of goals to address various global issues (listed).
    • Paris Agreement 2015 : A legally binding agreement on climate change.

    Fundamentals of Sustainable Development

    • Economy, Environment, and Society are interconnected
    • Separate policy spaces versus interlinked policy spaces
      • Human-centred
      • Web of issues
      • Connected
      • Top down
      • Bottom up
      • Local
      • Ad hoc
    • Global

    Systems Thinking - TNS

    • The Natural Step's Five Level Framework: Systems, Success, Strategic, Actions, and Tools levels
    • The Funnel: Declining resources & ecosystem services versus increasing demand for resources & ecosystem services over time.
    • Four System Conditions:
      • Concentrations of substances extracted from the Earth's crust
      • Concentrations of substances produced by society
      • Degradation by physical means
      • People not systematically subject to undermining conditions to meet their needs.
    • ABC Method of Planning
      • Creating (creative solutions)
      • Current reality (tools & resources, challenges)
      • Down to action (action plan, ROI consideration).
      • Awareness & success (organization & community's future, sustainability principles)

    Concepts

    • Business Models
    • Circular Economy / 4Rs (Reduction, Reuse, Recycling, Recovery)
    • Cleaner Production
    • Commons, Open-Access Resources
    • Ecological Footprint (measuring human impact on the environment, 6 categories: cropland, grazing land, fishing grounds, built-up land, forest area, and carbon demand on land; measurement unit: global hectares)
    • Energy Efficiency
    • Environmentally Friendly
    • Externalities
    • Green Economy / Green Growth
    • Natural Capital & Ecosystem Services (natural assets, including natural resource stocks, land and ecosystems, providing natural resource input and environmental service for economic production, including benefits such as clean air, water, assimilative capacity)
    • Sustainable Production and Consumption
    • Tipping Point / Thresholds

    Tools

    • Carbon Accounting (ETS)
    • Clean Development Mechanism (CDM)
    • Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR).
    • ESG Scores/Audits
    • Green Procurement
    • Stock Exchange Sustainability Index
    • Sustainability Reporting
    • Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures
    • UN Principles for Responsible Banking
    • Input-Output Analysis
    • Eco-efficiency
    • Life-Cycle Assessment (LCA)
    • Industrial Ecology
    • Eco-industrial Parks
    • Socio-technical Systems / Socio-Economic Systems

    Tools - Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG)

    • ESG performance attracts attention due to the belief that it will increase firm value and firm performance.
    • Studies are examining the relationship between ESG scores, firm performance and market returns, and these studies have quite different results from each other. This is partially attributed to the lack of a standard for determining ESG scores and their calculations with different variables.

    Tools – Sustainability Reporting

    • A company or organization publishes a report regarding economic, environmental, and social impacts from everyday activity.
    • The report presents the organization's values and governance model.
    • It demonstrates the link between its strategy and its commitment to a sustainable global economy.
    • Specific issues include: organizational governance, human rights, labor practices, environment, fair operating practices, consumer issues, community involvement, and development

    Tools – Input-Output (I-O) Analysis

    • Methodology for representing and modeling economic systems
    • Developed by Wassily Leontief in the 1930s
    • Also known as inter-industry analysis
    • System of National Accounts: I-O accounts use "make" and "use" tables

    Tools – Life Cycle Assessment

    • Method examining environmental burden of products from design to disposal (cradle-to-grave/cradle-to-cradle)
    • Used to design new or evaluate existing products.
    • Four key phases are considered:
      • Raw material extraction and pollution analysis.
      • Pollution that results from product manufacturing.
      • Environmental harm during product distribution and use.
      • Solid and liquid waste entering the environment following product use

    Tools – Industrial Ecology

    • Industrial ecology employs the ecosystem metaphor to make industrial systems sustainable to how natural ecosystems function.
    • Organizations operate as a single interconnected system, rather than separate units.
    • Waste stream from one industry becomes resource in another (by-product synergy).
    • Key terms include:
      • Material and energy flows
      • By-products
      • Dematerialization
      • Decarbonization,
      • Industrial symbiosis.
      • Eco-industrial parks
      • Design for the environment
      • Extended producer responsibility
      • Product stewardship

    Industrial Goods

    • Chemicals and Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) and Endocrine Disruptors (EDCs) - examples are given
    • (Micro) plastics (pie-chart of different types)
    • Machinery & Design (diagram showing relationship)
    • (Summary of Impacts): Industry impacts (takes, makes, uses, and discards in a table).

    Services

    • Modes of Trade (a diagram showing the different modes of trade as per the GATS).
    • (Summary of Impacts): Services impacts (issues and solutions in a table).

    Main Produce

    • On Arable land (a bar chart data on various products, 2022)
    • Fisheries and Aquaculture (a line graph of data on production, from 1950-2020)

    Biogeochemical Cycles

    • A diagram showing the relationship between various bio-elements (water, phosphorus, oxygen, earth, sulphur, and nitrogen).

    What is Energy? - Primary Production

    • The amount of organic matter fixed by autotrophs in a given area over a given period.
    • Gross vs Net
    • Secondary production
    • Energy subsidy and harvest ratio (Green Revolution).
    • Photosynthesis (conversion of solar energy to food).
    • Data (kcal/m²/year) given for various land types.

    Sustainability Challenges

    • A diagram illustrating land use, inputs, outputs, consumption, biodiversity, and emissions
    • Land use (croplands, forests, wetlands, riverbeds)
    • Inputs (seeds, fertilizers, pesticides, water, tools & fuels)
    • Outputs (harvest, industrial crops, pollutants)
    • Consumption (wastes, hunger, health)
    • Biodiversity & Emissions

    New Farming Models

    • Sustainable agriculture, forestry, and fishing practices (a list).
    • Community Supported Agriculture (benefits for farmers and consumers).

    Why Vehicles?

    • A diagram with connections to land, Air, Water, Space, Well being, Time, Distance, Small , Big, Few, Many, Moving people, and Moving Things

    Why Electric?

    • A diagram with connections to Policy, Safety, Climate Change, Electric, Resource Scarcity, Health and Competitiveness

    Challenges

    • Costs (materials, technology, charging stations, roads).
    • Infrastructure
    • Resource Scarcity (fossil fuels, battery materials).
    • 4Rs/Circular Economy (number of vehicles in use, battery recycling, scaling up, response to needs).
    • Manufacture/Assembly.
    • R&D (patents, business models).

    Energy and Power Density

    • A graph showing different energy sources, power and energy density.
    • Fuel cell
    • Lead-acid battery
    • NiMH battery
    • NICAD battery
    • Lithium-ion battery (LIB)
    • Lithium-ion capacitor (LIC).
    • Fly wheel
    • Electric double layer capacitor (EDLC)
    • Superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES).
    • Aluminum electrolytic capacitor

    Laws – Thermodynamics Laws

    • First law: Energy is conserved.
    • Second law: Energies can flow and equilibrate.
    • Third law: Driving force for equilibration is uniquely defined.
    • Overview
    • 0th law – thermal equilibrium.

    Emissions – Ice Core CO2 Trends

    • Atmospheric CO2 levels over the last 800,000 years, as indicated in ice-core data, have fluctuated between 170 and 300 parts per million by volume.
    • Correlation between atmospheric CO2 levels and glacial/interglacial periods.
    • The Vostok core shows a consistent trend; CO2 levels prior to ~450,000 years BP have been consistently below 260 ppmv.
    • Highest pre-industrial CO2 level (~298.6 ppmv) recorded in the Vostok core.
    • Recent increase in CO2 levels above historical averages is evident.
    • Graphs related to Ice core CO2 trends.

    Emissions – IPCC AR6 Synthesis Report

    • Projected global GHG emissions from NDCs will likely push CO2 concentration way above 1.5°C, potentially to 2.0°C or higher.
    • Further emissions reductions after 2030 will likely be needed to comply with the Paris Agreement's goals
    • Graphs associated with the IPCC data and forecasts.

    Trends – Cost of Electricity

    • Levelized Cost of Energy Comparison
    • Unsubsidized analysis of different types of renewable energy versus conventional energy sources.
    • Data in table structure for cost comparisons.

    Impacts – Summary of Overall Impacts

    • Energy system impacts (takes, makes, uses, discards) in a table format.
      • Solar thermal, Solar electricity, Wind motion, Wind electricity, Hydro motion, Hydro electricity, Tidal, Wave, Geo thermal, Geo electricity, OTEC, Forest Biomass, Waste Biomass, Biodiesel, Bioethanol, Coal, Oil, Natural Gas, LPG, and Nuclear electricity.

    Case Subject – Ethics and Social Responsibility

    • Title of study: Priva: Shaping Sustainable Cities.
    • Subjects include Climate, Water, Energy, Horticulture, In-door farming, Building automation, Urban delta, Urbanisation, Green technology, IT solutions, Sustainability, Circular economy, Family business, and Female leadership.
    • Authors, publishers, and publication details (year, source).
    • Tags related to the UN Sustainable Development Goals.

    Priva – Creating a Climate for Growth

    • Company description in numbers. Details regarding Horticulture, Buildings and Indoor Growing.

    The “Social” Enterprise

    • Definition of a "social" enterprise as per European perspective
    • First and foremost act based on social mission (impact first)
    • Has a revenue model.
    • Sees profit as a means, not an end.
    • Is transparent, honest and social.
    • Governance and policy on equal influence of all stakeholders.

    REACH – EU Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals

    • Hazard classes including Acute Toxicity, Specific Target Organ Toxicity Exposure, Skin Corrosion, Respiratory Sensation, Aspiration Hazard, Germ Cell Mutagenicity, Reproductive Toxicity, and Flammable gasses, liquids, solids. Other hazard classes include Dangerous, Biocidals, Mixtures.

    EU Green Deal

    • Key targets,
    • The first climate-neutral continent by 2050.
    • At least 55% less net greenhouse gas emissions (compared to 1990 levels) by 2030.
    • 3 billion additional trees to be planted in the EU by 2030. Specific focus areas include Climate, Energy, Environment & Oceans, Agriculture, Transport, Industry, Research & Innovation, Finance & regional development, and New European Bauhaus.

    Interface - U.S.A.

    • World's leading producer of soft-surfaced modular floor coverings
    • Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) to measure and track average product carbon footprint
    • Reduction of 35% since 2008 and 50% since 1996.
    • 5 focus areas: Energy, Mission Zero, Climate, Waste, Facilities, Transportation, Products, and CSR.

    Rainwater Collection at Domes - Japan

    • Milestones of rainwater harvesting (RWH) facility for several Japanese domes (buildings)
    • Tank capacity data for several locations (Sumo Wrestling Arena, Tokyo Sport Stadium/Tokyo Dome)

    Aging Society – Japan

    • Historic and projected population data.
    • Images, and relevant discussion points

    Ultra Mega Solar Power – India & China

    • Bhadla Solar Park - India
    • Gonghe Talatan Solar Park - China
    • Data related to land area for each project

    Community Seed Banks – India

    • Concept explained, and private/voluntary organizations involved
    • Areas covered include Drought, Storage Conditions, Agricultural Modernisation, Poverty, Mono-cropping, GMOs, Balanced Productivity, Pressure on Ecosystems, Pest and Plant Disease Management, Reduced Spread of Diseases, Improved Nutrition, and More Predictable.

    Genetically Modified Foods – U.S.A. & Canada

    • Advantages: Insect resistance, stronger crops, larger production, increased nutrients, higher income, lower prices, edible vaccines.
    • Disadvantages: Allergic reactions, cross-pollination, decreased biodiversity, reduced antibiotic efficacy, gene spilling/transfer, new diseases, widened income gap.

    State of California – U.S.A.

    • California reduces environmental footprint with state government practices, including energy-efficient buildings, renewable energy generation, and environmentally preferable purchases. (Specific initiatives are listed)
    • Initiative in comparison with other locations in the U.S.

    The 100 Things Challenge – The Minimalist

    • Concept and strategy to reduce material.
    • Detailed lists of tools, supplies , Kitchen items, Bathroom items, Electronics, Furniture , Decorations, Casual Clothing, Dress Clothes, and Miscellaneous Clothing categories.
    • Strategy: Give Away – Pass on – Donate – Recycle (sell) – Do not waste.

    Water Collector – Peru & Chile

    • Water collection method used in Peru and Chile from fog and humidity.

    BCSD Türkiye (SKD)

    • A diagram showing Sustainability through a framework associated with various UN Sustainable Development Goals.
    • Related initiatives

    Ankamall Shopping Centre

    • Rainwater collection from rooftops.

    İki Mimar – Sustainable Buildings

    • Project focusing on minimal soil degradation, electrification, speedy installation, zero concrete buildings.
    • Sustainable elements, including, but not limited to:
      • Design elements & technology
      • Living habitat.
    • Renewable vs Natura gas,
    • Lightweight
    • Long-lasting
    • Regenerative
    • Life cycle assessment (LCA)

    Feyz Farm – Bursa

    • Collaboration between the All Dairy, Meat and Cattle Breeders Association and Climate Change Policy and Research Association.
    • Making production compatible with the EU Green Deal
    • Data related to Certificates of Good farming practices, ISO 22000:2018, ISO 14001:2015, ISO 9001:2015, Zero Waste, Disease-free agricultural enterprise, and Trademark details.

    Slow Food Movement / Cittaslow Türkiye

    • Cittaslow Turkey Network, established in 2009
    • Seferihisar became the first member of the Cittaslow Association in Turkey.
    • The network has 25 members.
    • Includes topics around Community, Slow Food, Mobility, Urban Resilience, Good Food, and Slow Neighborhood.

    The Southeastern Anatolia Project (GAP)

    • A large-scale development project in Southeastern Anatolia aiming to develop water and land resources in the Euphrates-Tigris Basin.
    • Aims to develop 22 dams, 19 hydraulic power plants, and irrigation investments.
    • Covers a significant portion of land in Turkey ( ~10% of geographic area and population).
    • Integrated regional development and sustainable human development philosophy.

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    Sectoral Applications for Sustainable Development Summary Lecture PDF

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    Test your knowledge on ecological biocapacity, ecosystem services, and natural capital. This quiz also explores various energy systems and their characteristics. Challenge yourself to understand the environmental impacts we face today!

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