Ecology and Ecosystems Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What would happen to the rabbit population if the fox population moved out of the area?

  • The rabbit population would neither increase nor decrease
  • The rabbit population would vary randomly
  • The rabbit population would decrease
  • The rabbit population would increase (correct)

Which term describes a relationship where both species benefit?

  • Mutualism (correct)
  • Commensalism
  • Neutralism
  • Parasitism

Clownfish and sea anemones have a symbiotic relationship. What type of relationship is this?

  • Amensalism
  • Mutualism (correct)
  • Competition
  • Parasitism

What describes the role of tapeworms in a human intestine?

<p>Parasitism (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do decomposers improve soil fertility?

<p>By breaking down organic matter (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do we call a group of populations interacting in an area?

<p>Community (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

An animal that consumes both plants and meat is categorized as a(n) __________.

<p>Omnivore (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of ecological interaction is exhibited by cattle egrets foraging among cattle?

<p>Commensalism (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct sequence of steps in the scientific method?

<p>Make an observation, Make a hypothesis, Design and conduct an experiment, Share your results (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of variable is measured in an experiment?

<p>Dependent (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term describes a non-living factor that affects an ecosystem?

<p>Abiotic factor (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of energy is typically passed on to the next trophic level in a food chain?

<p>10% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a likely consequence if all wolves are removed from an ecosystem?

<p>The deer population would increase and compete for food (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Is high biodiversity considered a sign of a healthy ecosystem?

<p>True (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to most of the energy as you move up the levels of a food pyramid?

<p>It is lost as heat to the environment (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a biotic factor in an ecosystem?

<p>Plants (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the diaphragm in a microscope?

<p>To adjust light (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which adjustment knob should not be used when observing under high power?

<p>Coarse (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can you secure a glass slide on the microscope stage?

<p>Put over the stage clips (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the total magnification if the medium-power objective lens, which is 10x, is used with a 10x eyepiece?

<p>100 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the magnification power of the eyepiece commonly used in microscopes?

<p>10x (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which lens is responsible for magnifying the image in a microscope at all power settings?

<p>Objective lens (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic defines a compound microscope?

<p>Uses more than one lens (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What action should you take to initially observe a specimen in a microscope?

<p>Begin with the low power lens (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three reactants needed for photosynthesis to occur?

<p>carbon dioxide, sunlight, water (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of stomata in plants?

<p>to let in carbon dioxide (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is considered a waste product released by plants during photosynthesis?

<p>oxygen (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do photosynthesis and cellular respiration primarily differ?

<p>photosynthesis creates and stores energy while respiration releases energy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about respiration in plants is accurate?

<p>It uses oxygen in the process (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of water vapor exiting the leaves of a plant?

<p>Transpiration (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component is NOT involved in the photosynthesis process?

<p>Glucose (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does sunlight play in photosynthesis?

<p>It provides energy required for the process (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cellular structure is responsible for moving proteins without ribosomes attached?

<p>Smooth ER (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures are found in the cytoplasm and on the rough ER?

<p>Ribosomes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structure is labeled as B in a cell diagram typically?

<p>Ribosome (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is often labeled as I in cellular diagrams?

<p>Nucleus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is commonly referred to as structure #5 in cell diagrams?

<p>Endoplasmic reticulum (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is labeled as structure #6 in many cell diagrams?

<p>Smooth ER (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of cellular structure labeling, what does the label #9 typically represent?

<p>Mitochondrion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cellular structure is primarily involved in processing and packaging proteins?

<p>Golgi apparatus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What process is shown in this diagram?

<p>Photosynthesis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the pigment in chloroplasts that performs photosynthesis?

<p>Chlorophyll (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cellular respiration occurs in which part of the cell?

<p>Mitochondria (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of a decomposer in an ecosystem?

<p>To break down dead organisms and recycle nutrients (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of an abiotic factor in an ecosystem?

<p>Sunlight (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a food chain, which organism is typically at the top?

<p>Carnivore (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of a control group in an experiment?

<p>To provide a standard for comparison (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of a good scientific hypothesis?

<p>It is testable and falsifiable (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What key component was missing from Carmen's experiment regarding the effect of music on pulse rate?

<p>A control group (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What inference can be made about cells with semipermeable membranes based on the chicken egg experiment?

<p>Water enters the cell when placed in environments of high water concentration. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During Carmen's experiment, what effect was she aiming to measure?

<p>The effect of different music types on pulse rate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the role of the vinegar in the osmosis investigation with chicken eggs?

<p>To dissolve the egg's shell for further investigation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is least accurate about the environment of the eggs during the osmosis investigation?

<p>The eggs were kept in a controlled temperature environment. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What would you expect to happen to a cell placed in a solution with a lower concentration of solutes compared to its interior?

<p>The cell will gain mass as water enters. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many music selections did each person listen to during Carmen's experiment?

<p>Seven different selections (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle is primarily responsible for producing ribosomes?

<p>Nucleus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of lysosomes in a cell?

<p>Digestion of waste materials (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the microscope is used to adjust the focus at a greater distance?

<p>Coarse adjustment knob (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How should a microscope be carried properly?

<p>With both hands, one on the arm and one on the base (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle is responsible for generating the energy currency of the cell?

<p>Mitochondria (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the Golgi body in a cell?

<p>Sorting and packaging proteins (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the microscope allows light to pass through the specimen?

<p>Illuminator (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure in the cell is typically responsible for assembling proteins?

<p>Endoplasmic reticulum (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of chlorophyll in chloroplasts?

<p>To absorb sunlight for photosynthesis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle is primarily responsible for energy production in cellular respiration?

<p>Mitochondria (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do decomposers play in an ecosystem?

<p>To recycle nutrients by breaking down dead organisms (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered a biotic factor in an ecosystem?

<p>Soil minerals (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In an ecological food chain, which group generally occupies the top position?

<p>Carnivores (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of a control group in scientific experiments?

<p>To provide a basis for comparison (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is essential for a good scientific hypothesis?

<p>It should be testable and falsifiable (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of an abiotic factor that influences ecosystems?

<p>Water availability (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during photosynthesis?

<p>Plants use sunlight to create their own food (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do plants appear green?

<p>They contain a green pigment called chlorophyll (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of chloroplasts in plant cells?

<p>To convert sunlight into chemical energy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do plants require energy?

<p>To perform essential life functions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What process is primarily demonstrated in a diagram of photosynthesis?

<p>Photosynthesis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What essential gas do plants produce during photosynthesis that benefits humans and animals?

<p>Oxygen (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does photosynthesis contribute to the food chain?

<p>By creating food that serves as energy for consumers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of excess sugar produced in plants through photosynthesis?

<p>It is stored as a starch for later use (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cellular structure is responsible for moving proteins within the cell that has ribosomes attached?

<p>Rough ER (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structure is identified as moving proteins in the cell without ribosomes attached?

<p>Smooth ER (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures can be found in the cytoplasm and on the surface of the rough ER?

<p>Ribosomes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical label for the organelle responsible for processing and packaging proteins?

<p>Golgi body (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is usually referred to by the label #9 in many cell diagrams?

<p>Mitochondria (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cellular structure is identified as structure #5 in a typical cell diagram?

<p>Nucleus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the mitochondria in the cell?

<p>Energy production (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is likely to happen to the bird population following the introduction of brown tree snakes on Guam?

<p>The bird population decreased due to predation. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best defines a producer?

<p>An organism that uses sunlight to make its own food. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What would most likely occur if several species of carnivores were removed from an ecosystem?

<p>A decrease in biodiversity among species. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes the interaction of living and nonliving things in an area?

<p>Ecosystem (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which category does a tree belong?

<p>Producer (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What would probably happen to the insect population if brown tree snakes consume significant numbers of insect-eating birds?

<p>The insect population would increase significantly. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary source of energy for producers?

<p>Sunlight (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the stability of an ecosystem with the removal of top predators?

<p>Instability increases due to overpopulation of prey species. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Dependent Variable

The variable that is measured or observed in an experiment.

Independent Variable

A factor in an experiment that is changed or manipulated by the experimenter.

Control Variable

A factor that remains constant throughout an experiment, allowing for a fair comparison between groups.

Abiotic Factor

Non-living factors that affect an ecosystem, such as temperature, sunlight, water, and soil.

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Food Chain

The process by which organisms obtain energy from the sun or by consuming other organisms, forming a chain of energy transfer.

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Food Pyramid

The transfer of energy between organisms in an ecosystem, with each level representing a different feeding group.

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Energy Transfer Efficiency

The percentage of energy that is passed on to the next trophic level in a food chain, approximately 10% of the energy is transferred.

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High Biodiversity

A diverse ecosystem with a large variety of species, which is generally a sign of good health and stability.

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Mutualism

A relationship between two species where both species benefit.

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Parasitism

A relationship between two species where one species benefits and the other is harmed.

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Commensalism

A relationship between two species where one species benefits and the other is neither harmed nor helped.

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Community

A group of interacting populations in a specific area.

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Omnivore

An organism that eats both plants and animals.

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Parasitism

A relationship where one organism benefits and the other organism is harmed.

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Mutualism

A relationship where both organisms benefit.

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Commensalism

A relationship where one organism benefits and the other is neither harmed nor helped.

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Fine Adjustment Knob

The adjustment knob used to focus on objects at high power, providing precise and fine adjustments for clear viewing.

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Diaphragm

A part of the microscope that controls the amount of light passing through the specimen, affecting the image's brightness and contrast.

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Compound Microscope

The process of using two lenses to magnify an object, providing a clearer and more detailed view than a simple microscope.

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Stage Clips

The part of the microscope that holds the slide in place, preventing it from moving during observation.

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Eyepiece

The part of the microscope that you look through, magnifying the image created by the objective lens.

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Objective Lens

The lens closest to the specimen, magnifying the image before it reaches the eyepiece.

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Start with Low Power Lens

The first step in viewing a specimen under a microscope, using the lowest power objective lens to get an overall view.

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Total Magnification

The total magnification of the microscope is calculated by multiplying the magnification of the objective lens by the magnification of the eyepiece.

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Smooth ER

A type of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) involved in lipid synthesis, detoxification, and calcium storage. It lacks ribosomes, giving it a smooth appearance.

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Ribosomes

Organelles responsible for protein synthesis. They can be found in the cytoplasm or attached to the rough ER.

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Golgi Apparatus

A membrane-bound organelle that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids produced by the ER before they are transported to other parts of the cell or secreted.

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Mitochondria

An organelle that produces energy (ATP) for the cell through cellular respiration.

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Rough ER

A type of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) involved in protein synthesis and modification. It has ribosomes attached to its surface, giving it a rough appearance.

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Lysosomes

A membrane-bound organelle responsible for breaking down cellular waste, worn-out organelles, and foreign substances.

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Cytoskeleton

A network of protein filaments that gives the cell its shape, provides support, and helps with movement of organelles.

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Nucleus

The control center of the cell, containing genetic material (DNA) and responsible for regulating cellular activities.

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Photosynthesis

The process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy in the form of glucose, using carbon dioxide and water.

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Chlorophyll

The green pigment found in chloroplasts, responsible for absorbing light energy during photosynthesis.

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Cellular Respiration

The process by which cells break down glucose to release energy in the form of ATP. It occurs in all living organisms to fuel cellular activities.

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Decomposers

Organisms that break down dead organisms and waste, recycling nutrients back into the ecosystem.

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Stomata

Tiny openings on the surface of leaves that allow carbon dioxide to enter the plant for photosynthesis and oxygen to exit.

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Top Predator

The organism at the highest level of a food chain, typically a predator that has no natural predators.

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Population

A group of organisms of the same species living in a specific area.

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Transpiration

The release of water vapor from the leaves of plants through tiny pores called stomata.

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Hypothesis

A testable and falsifiable statement that predicts the outcome of an experiment.

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Reactants of Photosynthesis

The reactants of photosynthesis are the ingredients needed to start the process. These are sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide.

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Products of Photosynthesis

The products of photosynthesis are the things created during the process. These are glucose and oxygen.

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Products of Cellular Respiration

The products of cellular respiration are the things created during the proces. These are energy (ATP), CO2, and water.

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Control Group

An experimental group that does not receive the treatment or manipulation being tested, serving as a baseline for comparison.

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Succession

A large-scale environmental change that results in a long-lasting community shift.

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Vesicle

A small membrane-bound sac that transports substances within the cell.

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Plant using sugar for energy

The process in which plants use sugar (glucose) for energy.

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Excess sugar release

Excess sugar released from the leaves of the plant.

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How plants make food

The way a plant makes its own food using photosynthesis.

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Study Notes

Quizizz Biology 1 Midterm 2024-2025 Study Notes

  • Experiment Components:

    • Control group: The basis for comparison in an experiment, where the variable being tested is omitted.
    • Experimental group: The group where the variable being tested is deliberately changed.
    • Independent variable: The variable deliberately changed by the scientist in an experiment.
    • Dependent variable: The measured variable in an experiment, which changes in response to the independent variable.
    • Data: Information collected during an experiment.
    • Hypothesis: A testable explanation for a problem or observation.
    • Theory: A well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world, based on a body of facts that have been repeatedly confirmed through observation and experiment.
    • Fact: An objective observation or finding.
  • Scientific Method:

    • Observation/problem: The initial observation or question that starts the scientific process.
    • Hypothesis: A testable explanation for the problem or observation.
    • Procedures or methods: The steps taken during the experiment.
    • Observation/question: The conclusion or summary to determine if the experiment supports or refutes the hypothesis.
  • Experiment Example (Plant Growth):

    • Independent variable: The type of liquid (water, apple juice, or milk).
    • Dependent variable: The plant growth.
    • Control variables: soil amount, sunlight, type of music
  • Biological Concepts:

    • Producer: An organism that uses sunlight or chemical energy to make its own food (e.g., a tree).
    • Consumer: An organism that gets energy from eating other organisms or producers (e.g., a deer).
    • Carnivore: A consumer that eats other animals.
    • Herbivore: A consumer that eats only plants.
    • Omnivore: A consumer that eats both plants and animals.
    • Decomposer: An organism that gets energy from breaking down dead organisms or waste (e.g., fungi).
    • Ecosystem: A community of living organisms and their physical environment.
    • Food Web: A complex network of interconnected food chains.
    • Competition: The struggle between organisms for limited resources.
    • Niche: The specific role or function of an organism within its ecosystem, including its interactions with other species and the environment.
  • Summary of experiment results: The summary at the conclusion of an experiment used to explain the outcome.

  • Observation: Information gathered through the senses.

  • Scientific Method Steps (in order):

    • Make an observation.
    • Ask a question.
    • Form a hypothesis.
    • Design and conduct an experiment.
    • Share the results
  • Types of Experiments:

    • Qualitative experiment: Collects descriptive data, not based on numerical measurements (e.g., observations of plant growth over time).
    • Quantitative experiment: Collects numerical data, based on measurable quantities (e.g., measuring the growth rate of plants).
  • Cell Structures and Functions:

    • Nucleus: Controls all cell activities and contains DNA. Protects the nucleus.
    • Ribosomes: Produce proteins for the cell. Located in the cytoplasm or bound to the endoplasmic reticulum.
    • Lysosomes: Get rid of cell waste.
    • Cytoplasm: Liquid inside the cell
    • Cell membrane: Controls what exits and enters the cell
    • Mitochondria: The powerhouse of the cell, generates energy from food.
    • Golgi apparatus: Collects, processes, and packages proteins for the cell.
    • Endoplasmic reticulum (ER): Modifies and transports proteins -rough ER: has ribosomes and moves proteins within cell. -smooth ER: does not have ribosomes, makes lipids and moves proteins in the cell.
    • Vacuoles: Store water, nutrients, or waste. Larger in plant cells (important for water regulation / turgor pressure).
    • Chloroplasts: Site of photosynthesis (found only in plants).
    • Cell Wall: Provides structure and support to the plant cell.
  • Microscope Parts: -Objective lens: Magnifies the specimen -Coarse adjustment knob: Moves the stage to get a clearer view (low power) -Fine adjustment knob: Moves the stage to get a clearer view (high power) -Eyepiece/ocular lens: Magnifies the image produced by the objective lens

  • Additional notes: Multiple types of organisms exist that are in competition for the same food source.

  • Organisms in competition may or may not share the same niche in their specific ecosystem.

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