Ecological Risk Assessment Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following pollutants are primarily associated with negative impacts from high concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus?

  • Sediments
  • Greenhouse gases
  • Nutrients (correct)
  • Pesticides

    • Hazardous organic chemicals are intentionally released into the environment.

    False

    What are trace elements and provide two examples?

    Trace elements are pollutants present in low concentrations that can cause health problems. Examples include Cadmium (Cd) and Lead (Pb).

    The process of __________ is caused by the conversion of oxides of nitrogen and sulfur into acids in the atmosphere.

    <p>acidification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following pollutants with their definitions:

    <p>Nutrients = Causes eutrophication Pesticides = Used to control pests Particulates = Inhaled deeply into lung tissue Salinity = Reduces plant productivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What reflects the tendency of a substance to degrade in the environment?

    <p>Persistence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Risk assessments only consider the effects of pollutants on the entire ecosystem without focusing on individual stressors.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of salinity on plant productivity?

    <p>Increased osmotic potential and changes in soil physical properties reduce plant productivity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does RfD stand for in the context of ecological risk assessment?

    <p>Reference Dose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mean residence time (MRT) primarily used for monitoring?

    <p>Atmospheric oxygen and carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ecological risk assessment focuses solely on the impact of contaminants on human health.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The primary cause of ozone holes is nitrogen dioxide (NO2).

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is calculated by dividing the NOAEL by a safety factor?

    <p>RfD</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The final phase of risk assessment that attempts to quantify the risk realized from stressors is known as ___.

    <p>risk characterization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What two main atmospheric gases have a high relative concentration?

    <p>Nitrogen and oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The __________ of pollutants in the atmosphere is influenced by wind speed and direction.

    <p>dispersion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the assessment types with their focus:

    <p>Conventional Risk Assessment = Focus on human health and exposure to substances Ecological Risk Assessment = Focus on effects of contaminants on all organisms RfD = Daily intake without appreciable risk NOAEL = No Observed Adverse Effect Level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following pollutants with their primary sources:

    <p>Methane = Natural emissions and agriculture CFCs = Anthropogenic emissions in refrigeration Carbon monoxide = Incomplete combustion of fossil fuels Nitrous oxide = Agricultural activities and fossil fuel combustion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary goal of ecological risk assessment?

    <p>To predict future adverse effects from ecological stressors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a major potential problem for water bodies?

    <p>Desertification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Risk characterization is performed before assessing the exposure of organisms to ecological stressors.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are stressors in the context of ecological risk assessment?

    <p>Contaminants or environmental factors that can have adverse effects on ecological resources.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    High levels of H+ ions in water are beneficial for aquatic life.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of the environmental conditions on the contamination of groundwater?

    <p>Leaching, waste discharge, and contaminant spills</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following methods is used for the determination of organic compounds?

    <p>GC-MS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Faecal bacteria multiply in natural waters.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of microbiological pollution?

    <p>Human and animal waste</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The method used to determine cationic species involves a __________ exchange column.

    <p>cation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of pathogens with their characteristics:

    <p>Pathogenic bacteria = Sensitive to chemical disinfection Viruses = Smaller and more resistant to inactivation Parasites = Difficult to remove Cysts = Less sensitive to chemical inactivation but vulnerable to UV radiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which test is NOT commonly used for the detection of microbiological pollution?

    <p>Chemical analysis of pollutants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Stripping electrochemical analysis can be used for the determination of metals.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common indicator bacteria used to assess water quality?

    <p>Coliform bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one requirement for a pathogen to be classified as a reference pathogen?

    <p>High infectivity and severity of the disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Aeration is not required for the treatment of groundwaters.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process is used to remove colloids by forming larger particles?

    <p>Coagulation and flocculation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The initial stage of water treatment is called ______.

    <p>screening</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following water treatment processes with their purpose:

    <p>Pre-chlorination = Disinfection of water before treatment Screening = Removal of larger debris Coagulation = Destabilization of particles Straining = Removal of algae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is NOT mentioned as a problem during raw water storage?

    <p>Rapid water flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ozonation occurs after the final treatment stage.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of preliminary settling in water treatment?

    <p>To manage large seasonal variations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main environmental concern associated with microplastics (MPs)?

    <p>They can travel to remote areas through wind and tourism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Microplastics show no harmful effects in low doses.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one characteristic that defines bioplastics.

    <p>They can be biodegradable or derived from renewable sources.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    PolyButyleneAdipate Terephthalate (PBAT) is often used in blend with more _____ biodegradable polymers.

    <p>rigid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a biodegradable plastic derived from renewable sources?

    <p>PLA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following bioplastics with their descriptions:

    <p>PBAT = Highly flexible and used in blends Mater-Bi = A blend of PE and starch PHA = Trademark Biopol of Monsanto PHB = Born in the 1980s</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Market for bioplastics is well established and projections have been met.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What catalyst is used for the polymerization of PBAT?

    <p>tetrabutoxy titanate</p> Signup and view all the answers

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