Ecocentric vs Anthropocentric Models

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Questions and Answers

What is the main difference between the anthropocentric and ecocentric model when it comes to the value placed on nature?

The ecocentric model is more focussed on the role of human beings in nature.

The anthropocentric model prioritizes the needs of humans, while the ecocentric model emphasizes the intrinsic value of all living things. (correct)

The anthropocentric model is focused on the holistic perspective of nature.

The ecocentric model is focused on the role of human beings as stewards of nature.

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the ecocentric model?

Recognition of the interconnectedness and interdependence of all living things.

Belief in the intrinsic value of nature and its components.

Focus on human beings as superior and central to the universe. (correct)

Emphasis on the importance of the whole ecosystem (Planet Earth).

According to the ecocentric view, what is the role of human beings in relation to nature?

Humans are separate from nature and have no responsibilities towards it.

Humans are the dominant species and should control nature for their own needs.

Humans have no right to interfere with natural processes.

Humans are part of a larger interconnected system and have a role in caring for and preserving it. (correct)

Which of the following is an example of the anthropocentric model?

A farmer using pesticides to increase crop yield. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the ecocentric model?

The preservation of biodiversity and the functioning of Earth's ecosystems. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following concepts best reflects the ecocentric view of nature?

Nature is a complex and interconnected system with intrinsic value. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of these terms is associated with the idea that the whole is more important than the individual parts in the ecocentric model?

Holism (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the meaning of the term 'anthropocentrism'?

A view that considers humans as the most important beings in the universe. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'refuse' refer to in the context of the Six R’s of RA 9003?

Refraining from buying and using things that you don’t need (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of waste is described as having no commercial value and is meant for disposal?

Residual waste (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the aim of the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000 (RA 9003)?

To ensure proper management and reduction of solid waste (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by 'rethink' in the context of the Six R’s of RA 9003?

Considering if a new purchase is truly necessary (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following methods is emphasized by the RA 9003 as a way to minimize waste problems?

Recycling and composting (D) Signup and view all the answers

What constitutes 'toxic' waste?

Waste that may cause immediate death or body change (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary function of municipal and local government units according to RA 9003?

To create Solid Waste Management Communities (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the Six R’s of RA 9003?

Reintroduce (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum fine for a Grave Offense under RA 9003?

3,000 pesos (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the imprisonment range for a Major Offense under RA 9003?

1 to 6 years (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which law prohibits dumping waste into rivers?

Commonwealth Act No. 383 (C) Signup and view all the answers

Under which act can violators face fines ranging from P100 to P2,000?

Presidential Decree 825 (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the daily penalty for violating the Pollution Control Law as per Presidential Decree 984?

P5,000 (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which act focuses on the management of toxic substances and hazardous waste?

Republic Act 6969 (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the penalty for violations of the Clean Water Act of 2002 per day?

Not less than P10,000 (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which law mandates local government units to oversee waste management and sanitation?

Republic Act 7160 (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of the organization planting trees?

To fight against deforestation (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an area where feminists have worked to improve women's lives?

Access to education (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main objective of the 'Save Freedom Island Movement' (SFIM) and 'The BIG SHIFT Ph'?

To protect the environment at Freedom Island (D) Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'regreening' refer to in the context of the provided information?

The process of restoring degraded land to a natural state (D) Signup and view all the answers

Based on the text, what does the term 'hazardous waste' refer to?

Waste that can cause or contribute to mortality or illness (B) Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'reduce' signify in the context of the provided information?

Cutting down the amount of materials we consume (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of 'recovery' as described in the text?

Bringing back a degraded ecosystem to its natural state (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the activity 'Jumbled Letters' in the content provided?

To introduce different types of waste (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the defining characteristic of Ecocentrism?

Recognizing the intrinsic value of nature, independent of its utility to humans. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes Deep Ecology's core principle?

All living organisms, including humans, have equal rights to exist and thrive. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the central concept of Social Ecology?

Examining the social and political structures that contribute to environmental degradation. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is 'eco-communitarianism' as described in the context of Social Ecology?

A system where the care of the natural world is entrusted to humans. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of Ecofeminism?

Challenging the traditional separation of women and nature. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following actions could be considered an example of Deep Ecology?

Establishing a wildlife sanctuary to protect endangered species. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an example of how Social Ecology critiques current trends?

Promoting individual responsibility for environmental protection. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of Ecofeminism in action?

The establishment of the Green Belt Movement in Kenya. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person

Essential Learning Competencies include:
- Observing things out of place and aesthetically organizing them.
- Demonstrating care for the environment to promote health, well-being, and sustainable development.
- Showing prudence and frugality towards the environment.

Unpacked Objectives

Explain two philosophical viewpoints on the environment, as per Payne.
Characterize three theories of the ecocentric model.

What is a Human Person?

A human person is a living being containing a real and existing capacity for self-development towards fulfillment, based on unconditional infinite love, goodness, beauty, and unity. This fulfillment occurs if proper conditions are met.

Environment

The environment encompasses all factors surrounding a living organism, including natural forces and other living entities.
These factors provide for conditional development, growth, but also danger and damage.

Two Philosophical Views of the Environment (Payne 2010)

Anthropocentric model: Humans are superior and central to the universe, placing humans at the center.
Ecocentric model: The ecological or relational integrity of humans provides meaning for morals and values, and it is nature-centered.

Anthropocentrism

Focuses on the significant role of humankind in the world, and considers nature as a means for meeting human needs and survival.

Ecocentric Model

Places great value on ecosystems and biological communities.
Views humankind as a part of a larger biological system.
Emphasizes the vital role of humans as stewards or guardians of nature.

Ecocentrism - Theories of the Model

Deep Ecology: A philosophy developed by Arne Naess in the 1970s, asserting the equal right of all life to exist. It places no priority on human needs over other organisms.
Social Ecology: A critical social theory founded by Murray Bookchin. It critiques current social, political, and anti-ecological trends, advocating for a reconstructive, ecological, communitarian, and ethical approach to society.
Ecofeminism: Also referred to as ecological feminism, which examines the connections between women and nature. Coined by Françoise d'Eaubonne in 1974; it combines feminist and ecological concerns, emphasizing that both suffer from male-dominated society. Ecofeminism views nature and women having a significant connection.

Examples of Deep Ecology

Tree planting, man-made forests, aquaculture (fish farming) may be examples of applying deep ecology principles.

What is Eco-Communitarianism?

The concept of entrusting the care of the natural world to humans.

Addresses how society interacts with nature to build adaptive capacity in response to shocks and stresses, including climate change, biodiversity loss from deforestation, and desertification.
Considers how we produce and consume food and use transportation, highlighting negative impacts of current systems.

Ecofeminism Examples

The Green Belt Movement in Kenya, established in 1977, plants trees, combating deforestation, and supporting women locally and globally.

Other Feminist Activities

Feminists have supported various causes, including access to contraception, legal abortions, social integration, and protection against sexual assault, sexual harassment, and domestic violence.

Assignment Instructions

Interview: Interview someone aged 45-50 in your neighborhood.
Questions: Focus on their memories from their youth, preferred activities, environmental changes (positive and negative), and the environment's role in personal development.

Second Session: Unpacked Objectives

Explain the salient provisions of different laws and policies on environmental protection and management.

Activity 1: Interview Summary

Sum up your interview with answers to four key questions, including:
- What you learned?
- Your reflection on the interview?
- How does the interview inform the role of the environment in personal development?
- How does understanding the environment impact your actions toward the world around you?

Lesson 2: Environmental Protection and Management

Environmental protection and management actions and laws that protect the environment.

Regreening Calabarzon

Mentions organizations taking on environmental projects and protecting nature.

Philippine Clearing House Mechanism at Balinsasayao Twin Lakes

Mentions a project concerning clearing houses to protect nature.

Jumbled Letters: Word Arrangement

Provides jumbled words and their meanings related to various types of waste.

Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000 (RA 9003)

Aims to reduce solid waste through source reduction, waste minimization, and ecologically sustainable treatment and disposal.

RA 9003 Six R's

Reduce: Less material consumption/waste prevention in general.
Recover/Repair: Returning something to a regular state or condition.
Recycle: Using discarded materials for something else/re-purpose.
Repurpose: Using something for a different purpose than its original one.
Refuse: Preventing a purchase if not strictly necessary.
Rethink: Reconsidering a purchase, asking if it is genuinely needed.

Waste Types

Household/domestic waste,
Commercial/industrial waste.
Residual: Waste with no commercial value, intended for disposal.
Recycle: Waste that can be reused.
Biodegradable: Waste that decomposes via organisms.
Hazardous: Waste that can harm health or contribute to death.
Toxic: Waste causing immediate mortality/body change/illness.

RA 9003 Provisions

The act emphasizes the role of local government units (LGUs) providing for solid waste management up to the barangay level.
Community involvement is encouraged, requiring participation from various nongovernment organizations, people, church leaders, schools, and business/community organizations.

RA 9003 Offenses

Minor, Grave and Major offenses are detailed in terms of fines and imprisonment, which are specific.

Example of Philippine Environmental Laws

Commonwealth Act No. 383 (Anti-Dumping Law): Prohibits dumping refuse into rivers.
Presidential Decree 825: Penalizes improper garbage disposal.
Republic Act 6969 (Toxic Substances and Hazardous and Nuclear Waste Control Act): Controls various materials, including toxic and nuclear waste.
Republic Act 7160 (Local Government Code): Mandates local government units to exercise powers/functions relating to hygiene, sanitation, beautification, solid waste collection/transport/disposal.
Presidential Degree 984 (Pollution Control Law): Implements regulations regarding water usage/quality criteria. Penalties for violations exist.
Republic Act 9275 (Clean Water Act): Establishes a policy for sustainable development, emphasizing holistic water quality management. Penalties exist for violations and are escalating each year.

Assignments for upcoming sessions

The assignments are for Lessons 1 and 2 and are due on specific dates

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Description

Test your knowledge on the differences between ecocentric and anthropocentric models. This quiz covers key concepts, characteristics, and the roles of humans as viewed in these philosophies. Perfect for students exploring environmental ethics.