Lab 6A: ECG and Pulse
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the P wave in an electrocardiogram?

  • Represents the contraction of the ventricles
  • Represents the relaxation of the atria
  • Indicates repolarization of the ventricles
  • Indicates depolarization of the atria (correct)

    • What is the result of the parasympathetic division releasing acetylcholine on heart rate?

  • Increases heart rate
  • Decreases heart rate (correct)
  • Has no effect on heart rate
  • Stops the heart

    • What is the name of the node that acts as the heart's built-in pacemaker?

  • Purkinje fibers
  • AV node
  • SA node (correct)
  • Bundle of His

    • What occurs during the diastole phase of the cardiac cycle?

    <p>Relaxation of the ventricles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the QRS complex in an electrocardiogram?

    <p>Represents the contraction of the ventricles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of norepinephrine and epinephrine on heart rate?

    <p>Increases heart rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the T wave in an electrocardiogram?

    <p>Represents the repolarization of the ventricles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of measuring changes in blood volume in the finger in this lab?

    <p>To observe changes in blood flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the recording of electrical changes in the cardiac muscle during the cardiac cycle?

    <p>Electrocardiogram</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the division of the autonomic nervous system that increases heart rate?

    <p>Sympathetic division</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary method of measuring blood volume in plethysmography?

    <p>Shining a beam of light through the skin to measure reflected light</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of vasoconstriction on blood flow to a particular area?

    <p>Decreased blood flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the sympathetic division in regulating blood flow?

    <p>Causing vasoconstriction in the viscera</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of cold temperatures on local blood vessels?

    <p>Vasoconstriction to retain core body temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of vasodilation in active skeletal muscle during exercise?

    <p>To transport wastes away and replenish oxygen and nutrients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of metabolites and blood pH on local blood vessels?

    <p>Vasodilation to increase blood flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of aldosterone in regulating blood vessel diameter?

    <p>Regulating blood vessel diameter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of vasodilation on blood flow to a particular area?

    <p>Increased blood flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of measuring pulse amplitude in plethysmography?

    <p>To measure the change in blood volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the smooth muscle in arteriole walls in regulating blood vessel diameter?

    <p>Causing vasoconstriction through contraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The SA node is responsible for slowing down the heart rate.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The P wave indicates the depolarization of the ventricles.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Acetylcholine increases the rate of depolarization at the SA node.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The QRS complex represents the repolarization of the ventricles.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ECG measures changes in blood volume in the finger.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The T wave represents the depolarization of the atria.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Norepinephrine and epinephrine decrease heart rate.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The autonomic division has no influence on heart rate.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The heart has its own built-in pacemaker node.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Measuring changes in blood flow to the finger is not a part of this lab.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The pulse transducer shines a beam of light through the skin in the finger and measures the light reflected by the oxygen in the blood.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Vasoconstriction occurs when the smooth muscle in the arteriole walls relax.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The sympathetic division causes vasodilation of arterioles leading into the viscera and skin.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During exercise, local vasoconstriction occurs in active skeletal muscle to reduce blood flow.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The primary function of plethysmography is to measure the electrical changes in the cardiac muscle during the cardiac cycle.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The diameter of the arterioles has no effect on the amount of blood flowing to a particular body part.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Aldosterone is a hormone that causes vasodilation of arterioles.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Plethysmography involves measuring the changes in blood volume in the heart.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The pulse amplitude is a direct measurement of the change in blood volume in the finger.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cold temperatures cause local vasodilation to increase blood flow to the skin or extremities.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    The ECG and the Heart

    • The heart's mechanical activity (contraction and relaxation) is controlled by electrical activity (depolarization and repolarization events).
    • An electrocardiogram (ECG) records electrical changes in cardiac muscle during the cardiac cycle.
    • The P wave indicates depolarization of the atria, which leads to their contraction.
    • The QRS complex indicates depolarization of the ventricles right before they contract to pump blood out of the heart.
    • The T wave represents repolarization of the ventricles as they relax, allowing the heart to refill with blood.

    Regulation of Heart Rate

    • The heart has its own built-in pacemaker, the SA node.
    • The autonomic division and hormones can influence the rate of depolarization at the SA node.
    • Norepinephrine and epinephrine increase the rate of depolarization at the SA node, increasing heart rate under stress.
    • Acetylcholine slows down the rate of depolarization at the SA node, resulting in a drop in heart rate.

    Measuring Changes in Blood Volume

    • Plethysmography records volume changes in the body.
    • The volume of blood in tissues changes with the cardiac cycle, creating a pulse.
    • A pulse transducer measures changes in blood volume in a body part, such as the finger.
    • The pulse transducer shines a beam of light through the skin and measures the light reflected by the heme pigment in the blood.

    Regulation of Blood Flow

    • The amount of blood flowing to a particular body part depends on the diameter of the arterioles leading into that tissue.
    • Vasoconstriction and vasodilation occur when the smooth muscle in the arteriole walls contracts and relaxes, respectively.
    • External factors, such as the sympathetic division, and local factors, such as temperature and changes in metabolites, influence the smooth muscle of the arteries.
    • Vasoconstriction and vasodilation can be influenced by various hormones, such as vasopressin (ADH) and aldosterone.
    • Local factors, such as cold temperatures, can cause vasoconstriction to divert blood away from the cold skin or extremities.
    • During exercise, local factors, such as carbon dioxide and metabolic acids, can cause vasodilation in active skeletal muscle.

    The ECG and the Heart

    • The heart's mechanical activity (contraction and relaxation) is controlled by electrical activity (depolarization and repolarization events).
    • An electrocardiogram (ECG) records electrical changes in cardiac muscle during the cardiac cycle.
    • The P wave indicates depolarization of the atria, which leads to their contraction.
    • The QRS complex indicates depolarization of the ventricles right before they contract to pump blood out of the heart.
    • The T wave represents repolarization of the ventricles as they relax, allowing the heart to refill with blood.

    Regulation of Heart Rate

    • The heart has its own built-in pacemaker, the SA node.
    • The autonomic division and hormones can influence the rate of depolarization at the SA node.
    • Norepinephrine and epinephrine increase the rate of depolarization at the SA node, increasing heart rate under stress.
    • Acetylcholine slows down the rate of depolarization at the SA node, resulting in a drop in heart rate.

    Measuring Changes in Blood Volume

    • Plethysmography records volume changes in the body.
    • The volume of blood in tissues changes with the cardiac cycle, creating a pulse.
    • A pulse transducer measures changes in blood volume in a body part, such as the finger.
    • The pulse transducer shines a beam of light through the skin and measures the light reflected by the heme pigment in the blood.

    Regulation of Blood Flow

    • The amount of blood flowing to a particular body part depends on the diameter of the arterioles leading into that tissue.
    • Vasoconstriction and vasodilation occur when the smooth muscle in the arteriole walls contracts and relaxes, respectively.
    • External factors, such as the sympathetic division, and local factors, such as temperature and changes in metabolites, influence the smooth muscle of the arteries.
    • Vasoconstriction and vasodilation can be influenced by various hormones, such as vasopressin (ADH) and aldosterone.
    • Local factors, such as cold temperatures, can cause vasoconstriction to divert blood away from the cold skin or extremities.
    • During exercise, local factors, such as carbon dioxide and metabolic acids, can cause vasodilation in active skeletal muscle.

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    Description

    This quiz covers the mechanical activity of the heart, including contraction and relaxation, and how it is controlled by electrical activity. It also explores the electrocardiogram (ECG) and its relation to the cardiac cycle.

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