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Questions and Answers
Which node is the primary pacemaker of the heart?
Which node is the primary pacemaker of the heart?
Telemetry is used to measure heart rate, SpO2, and respiratory rate while the patient is restricted.
Telemetry is used to measure heart rate, SpO2, and respiratory rate while the patient is restricted.
False
What does the abbreviation ECG stand for?
What does the abbreviation ECG stand for?
Electrocardiogram
The phrase for 5-lead placement is 'Snow over grass, smoke over _____, chocolate for the heart'.
The phrase for 5-lead placement is 'Snow over grass, smoke over _____, chocolate for the heart'.
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Which lead is commonly used to determine heart rhythms on an ECG?
Which lead is commonly used to determine heart rhythms on an ECG?
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How many steps are in the 8-step interpretation method?
How many steps are in the 8-step interpretation method?
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What is the normal heart rate range?
What is the normal heart rate range?
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What is the method used to find the atrial rate based on small boxes?
What is the method used to find the atrial rate based on small boxes?
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The P wave represents atrial depolarization.
The P wave represents atrial depolarization.
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How many large boxes correspond to 1 second on an ECG paper?
How many large boxes correspond to 1 second on an ECG paper?
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Match the following ECG leads with their primary usage:
Match the following ECG leads with their primary usage:
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Study Notes
Conduction System
- Comprised of SA node, AV node, Bundle of His, bundle branches, and Purkinje fibers, responsible for electrical impulses in the heart.
Telemetry
- Measures heart rate (HR), oxygen saturation (SpO2), and respiratory rate (RR) while allowing patient mobility.
- Electrodes attach to skin and connect to lead wire, which links to telemetry unit.
- Proper electrode and lead placement is critical for accurate diagnosis.
5-Lead Placement
- Mnemonic for placement: “Snow over grass, smoke over fire, chocolate for the heart.”
- Limb leads (I, II, III, aVR, aVL, aVF) assess heart's electrical activity vertically.
- Lead II is commonly used to determine heart rhythms.
12-Lead ECG
- Records comprehensive electrical activity across vertical and horizontal planes using limb and chest leads.
- Chest leads V1 through V6 are strategically placed to diagnose conditions like myocardial infarction and pericarditis.
8-Step Interpretation Method
- Analyzes ECG by assessing rate, rhythm, P waves, PR interval, QRS complex, ST segment, T wave, QT interval, interpreting rhythm, and planning interventions.
Telemetry/ECG Paper
- Small box measures 0.04 seconds; 5 small boxes make a large box (0.2 seconds); 5 large boxes equal 1 second; 30 large boxes equal 6 seconds.
- Paper helps measure length and time of waves, segments, and intervals (PQRST).
Rates to Interpret
- Atrial rate determined via P waves; ventricular rate using R waves.
- Count P or R waves over a 6-second period, multiply by 10 for one minute estimation.
- Example: Atrial rate and ventricular rate both 80 bpm from 8 R waves over 6 seconds.
Rate Methods
- Rule of 300: Count large boxes between P-P (atrial) or R-R (ventricular) intervals. Divide by 300 to find rate.
- Rule of 1500: Count small boxes between P-P or R-R intervals. More accurate but time-consuming, suitable for regular rhythms.
Assessing Rhythm
- Evaluate ventricular rhythm using two consecutive R-R intervals.
- Equal intervals indicate regular rhythm; unequal means irregular.
- This method can also assess atrial rhythm but is less common.
P Waves
- Signify the electrical impulse traveling through the atria (atrial depolarization) and resultant contraction.
- Normal characteristics include upright, smooth, rounded appearance above the isoelectric line.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the conduction system of the heart, telemetry, lead placements, and ECG interpretation methods. This quiz covers essential concepts necessary for understanding cardiac monitoring and diagnostics. Perfect for medical students and healthcare professionals.
