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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is a biological factor associated with bulimia nervosa?

  • High levels of cortisol
  • Increased levels of dopamine
  • Altered serotonin levels
  • Low levels of cholecystokinin (correct)

What psychological factor is commonly associated with anorexia nervosa?

  • Impulse control issues
  • Affective instability
  • A need for control (correct)
  • Low self-esteem

Which of the following is an example of an environmental influence that can contribute to eating disorders?

  • Family history of eating disorders
  • Social media pressure to achieve a certain body type (correct)
  • Genetic predisposition
  • Hormonal imbalances

Which eating disorder typically develops later in life, usually after the age of 12?

<p>Bulimia nervosa (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic behavior associated with anorexia nervosa?

<p>Restricting food intake (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the estimated lifetime prevalence of mood disorders in individuals with bulimia nervosa?

<p>24% to 90% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following co-morbid conditions is NOT commonly associated with eating disorders?

<p>Schizophrenia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the estimated increase in suicide risk for individuals with eating disorders compared to their peers?

<p>6.7% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason eating disorders are considered syndromes rather than diseases?

<p>Their causes are unknown and varied. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following theories suggests that eating disorders develop due to learned behaviors with positive reinforcement?

<p>Cognitive-Behavioral Theories (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key neurobiological factor linked to eating disorders?

<p>Altered brain serotonin function (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a recognized environmental factor that may influence the development of eating disorders?

<p>Genetic predisposition (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa?

<p>Bulimia nervosa involves purging behaviors, while anorexia nervosa involves restricting food intake. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the content, what is the heritability estimate for eating disorders based on twin studies?

<p>Greater than 50% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these statements about eating disorders and culture is accurate based on the provided information?

<p>Individuals with eating disorders often have low self-esteem. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common misconception about eating disorders that the provided content aims to address?

<p>Eating disorders are a choice and not a serious medical condition. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are eating disorders considered syndromes rather than diseases?

<p>They are characterized by a variety of symptoms, not a specific pathology. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a recognized biological factor potentially contributing to eating disorders?

<p>Learned behaviors with positive reinforcement (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key component of the cognitive-behavioral theory of eating disorders?

<p>The role of dysfunctional thought patterns and learned behaviors in maintaining the disorder. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the relationship between cultural norms of thinness and eating disorders?

<p>While a causal link hasn't been proven, individuals with eating disorders often have low self-esteem. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the provided content, what is the estimated heritability of eating disorders?

<p>Approximately 50% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential neurobiological factor contributing to eating disorders?

<p>Altered brain serotonin function, affecting appetite, mood, and impulse control. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about eating disorders and culture is accurate based on the provided information?

<p>Culture influences self-concept and satisfaction, which may contribute to the development of eating disorders. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to understand the multiple factors contributing to eating disorders?

<p>To develop effective treatments that address the underlying causes of the disorder. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the defining characteristic of binge eating disorder?

<p>Uncontrollable episodes of binge-eating without compensatory behaviors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which subtype does Anorexia Nervosa involve no episodes of binge-eating or purging behaviors?

<p>Restricting type (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common emotional response linked to binge eating episodes?

<p>Guilt (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic feature of Anorexia Nervosa in terms of body weight?

<p>Significantly low body weight for age and physical health (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which population has a higher prevalence of binge eating disorder?

<p>Females at 3.5% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following disorders involves the misuse of laxatives as a compensatory behavior?

<p>Bulimia Nervosa (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What mental health condition is commonly associated with individuals suffering from Anorexia Nervosa?

<p>Anxiety disorders (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the estimated prevalence of Anorexia Nervosa in males?

<p>0.3% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical age range for the onset of anorexia nervosa?

<p>7 to 12 years old (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which co-morbid condition has the highest reported incidence in individuals with anorexia nervosa?

<p>Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately reflects the impact of social media on eating disorders?

<p>Eating disorders are more prevalent in cultures influenced by social media. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant psychological trait associated with bulimia nervosa?

<p>Affective instability and impulse control (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage range covers the lifetime prevalence of mood disorders in bulimia nervosa?

<p>24% to 90% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is classified as a type of eating disorder not yet specified?

<p>Binge disorder (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which biological factor is associated with impulsive behaviors in bulimia?

<p>Low cholecystokinin levels (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the increased risk percentage of suicide for individuals with eating disorders compared to their peers?

<p>6.7% increase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Eating Disorders Overview

  • Prevalence of eating disorders in females: Anorexia Nervosa (1.5%), Bulimia Nervosa (1.5%), Binge Eating Disorder (3.5%).
  • Prevalence in males: Anorexia Nervosa (0.3%), Bulimia Nervosa (0.5%), Binge Eating Disorder (2%).
  • Binge Eating Disorder characterized by recurrent uncontrollable binges leading to guilt, depression, and poor coping.

Diagnostic Criteria for Anorexia Nervosa

  • Classified under Feeding & Eating Disorders in DSM V.
  • Involves restriction of energy intake relative to requirements, resulting in significantly low body weight.
  • Subtypes include Restricting type, where no binge-eating or purging behaviors have occurred in the past 3 months.

Demographic Insights

  • Eating disorders are common among adolescents and young adults, particularly between early teens to mid-20s.
  • Bulimia usually develops post age 12, while Anorexia can manifest as early as 7 years old.
  • A higher prevalence of these disorders is noted in cultures influenced by social media.
  • Greater incidence in females and potential life-threatening consequences without early intervention.
  • Coexistence of multiple eating disorders is common, alongside co-morbid conditions such as anxiety, depression, and personality disorders.
  • Suicide risk is notably higher, estimated at 6.7% in the same age group.

Psychological and Sociocultural Factors

  • Psychological influences vary between disorders: Anorexia relates to control; Bulimia ties to affective instability and impulses.
  • Sociocultural factors include the normalization of weight measurement, dieting, and distorted body imagery.
  • Biological predispositions include low cholecystokinin in Bulimia and altered serotonin affecting appetite and mood.

Co-Morbidities

  • Commonly co-occurring conditions include anxiety and depression; lifetime prevalence in anorexia (31%-89%) and bulimia (24%-90%).
  • Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) observed in up to 25% of anorexia patients, with behaviors like hoarding foods and preparing elaborate meals.

Etiology of Eating Disorders

  • Considered syndromes comprising clusters of symptoms rather than singular diseases.
  • Unknown if they share common causes or pathologies; several theories offer insight into their development.

Theoretical Frameworks

  • Biological Factors: Heritability greater than 50% indicated by genetic studies; altered serotonin linked to appetite and impulse control dysregulation.
  • Psychological Factors: Cognitive-behavioral theories suggest learned behaviors reinforce negative eating patterns (e.g., weight loss leading to compliments).
  • Environmental Factors: Cultural norms shape self-concept and beauty ideals, emphasizing thinness; no direct causal links between these norms and eating disorders identified, though low self-esteem is prevalent among sufferers.

Eating Disorders Overview

  • Prevalence of eating disorders in females: Anorexia Nervosa (1.5%), Bulimia Nervosa (1.5%), Binge Eating Disorder (3.5%).
  • Prevalence in males: Anorexia Nervosa (0.3%), Bulimia Nervosa (0.5%), Binge Eating Disorder (2%).
  • Binge Eating Disorder characterized by recurrent uncontrollable binges leading to guilt, depression, and poor coping.

Diagnostic Criteria for Anorexia Nervosa

  • Classified under Feeding & Eating Disorders in DSM V.
  • Involves restriction of energy intake relative to requirements, resulting in significantly low body weight.
  • Subtypes include Restricting type, where no binge-eating or purging behaviors have occurred in the past 3 months.

Demographic Insights

  • Eating disorders are common among adolescents and young adults, particularly between early teens to mid-20s.
  • Bulimia usually develops post age 12, while Anorexia can manifest as early as 7 years old.
  • A higher prevalence of these disorders is noted in cultures influenced by social media.
  • Greater incidence in females and potential life-threatening consequences without early intervention.
  • Coexistence of multiple eating disorders is common, alongside co-morbid conditions such as anxiety, depression, and personality disorders.
  • Suicide risk is notably higher, estimated at 6.7% in the same age group.

Psychological and Sociocultural Factors

  • Psychological influences vary between disorders: Anorexia relates to control; Bulimia ties to affective instability and impulses.
  • Sociocultural factors include the normalization of weight measurement, dieting, and distorted body imagery.
  • Biological predispositions include low cholecystokinin in Bulimia and altered serotonin affecting appetite and mood.

Co-Morbidities

  • Commonly co-occurring conditions include anxiety and depression; lifetime prevalence in anorexia (31%-89%) and bulimia (24%-90%).
  • Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) observed in up to 25% of anorexia patients, with behaviors like hoarding foods and preparing elaborate meals.

Etiology of Eating Disorders

  • Considered syndromes comprising clusters of symptoms rather than singular diseases.
  • Unknown if they share common causes or pathologies; several theories offer insight into their development.

Theoretical Frameworks

  • Biological Factors: Heritability greater than 50% indicated by genetic studies; altered serotonin linked to appetite and impulse control dysregulation.
  • Psychological Factors: Cognitive-behavioral theories suggest learned behaviors reinforce negative eating patterns (e.g., weight loss leading to compliments).
  • Environmental Factors: Cultural norms shape self-concept and beauty ideals, emphasizing thinness; no direct causal links between these norms and eating disorders identified, though low self-esteem is prevalent among sufferers.

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