Earthworm Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What is the scientific name of the earthworm?

  • Annelida
  • Helminthes
  • Oligochaeta
  • Lumbricus terrestris (correct)

What is one characteristic of an earthworm's body structure?

Segmented body

What type of circulatory system do earthworms have?

  • Semi-closed system
  • Closed system (correct)
  • Open system
  • No circulatory system

What is the function of the earthworm's gizzard?

<p>Grinds soil into a paste</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'hermaphrodite' mean in the context of earthworms?

<p>Has both male and female reproductive characteristics (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of setae in earthworms?

<p>Anchoring to soil</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structure is responsible for temporary storage of food in earthworms?

<p>Crop</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the clitellum in earthworms?

<p>Secretes mucus for reproduction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a nephridia?

<p>Tubes that eliminate cellular wastes</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the earthworm's digestive system is responsible for nutrient absorption?

<p>Intestine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Earthworms have eyes.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the inner folding of the intestine in earthworms called?

<p>Typhlosole</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Earthworm Classification

  • Belongs to phylum Annelida, meaning "little rings."
  • Classified under class Oligochaeta, denoting "few bristles."
  • Scientific name is Lumbricus terrestris.

Earthworm Characteristics

  • Body is segmented, showcasing a coelom.
  • Exhibits a "tube within a tube" structure (outer skin and digestive system).
  • Displays cephalization and bilateral symmetry.

Circulatory System

  • Features a closed circulatory system where blood remains in vessels.
  • Blood flows from anterior to posterior via the ventral blood vessel.
  • Movement from posterior to anterior is aided by dorsal blood vessel constriction and aortic arch pumping.

Nervous System

  • Contains ganglia and a brain located at the anterior end.
  • The brain comprises fused ganglia responsible for processing sensory information.
  • Connected to the cerebral ganglia is a ventral nerve cord extending to the anus, without visual organs.

Reproductive System

  • Earthworms are hermaphroditic, allowing for slow sperm exchange.
  • Two worms align alongside each other to exchange sperm through mucus.
  • Clutches of eggs are fertilized and they have the capacity to regenerate.

Movement

  • Relies on contraction and expansion of the coelomic fluid.
  • Uses setae to anchor into the soil for movement.

Internal vs. External Segmentation

  • Internal segmentation correlates with external segmentation; both are the same.

Aortic Arches

  • Connect the dorsal vessel with the ventral vessel, integral in the circulatory system.

Hermaphrodite

  • Possesses both male and female reproductive systems.
  • This trait is beneficial for slow-moving worms, allowing for efficient reproduction.

Tube Within a Tube Structure

  • Outer skin functions as the external tube, with the digestive system as the inner tube.
  • The coelomic cavity separates these two structures.

Setae

  • Small bristle-like structures that secure the worm to the soil, preventing motion.

Seminal Vesicles

  • Organs that are responsible for producing sperm.

Seminal Receptacles

  • Organs that receive sperm from another worm during the reproductive process.

Prostomium

  • The upper lip utilized for burrowing and for bringing soil into the mouth.

Crop

  • Functions as a storage area for temporary food holding.

Gizzard

  • Muscular organ that grinds soil into a smooth paste for easier digestion.

Intestine

  • Responsible for the digestion and absorption of nutrients and water.

Typhlosole

  • Inner folding of the intestine that increases surface area for enhanced absorption of nutrients and water.

Clitellum

  • A thickened, glandular section of the worm’s body that secretes mucus to bind worms together during mating.

Egg Fertilization

  • Post-sperm exchange, worms separate, and the clitellum secretes a tube for collecting eggs and sperm.
  • Fertilization occurs inside this mucus tube.

Nephridia

  • Tubular structures that facilitate the elimination of cellular wastes and excess water.

Digestion Process

  • Follows a sequence: pharynx → mouth → esophagus → crop → gizzard → intestine (with typhlosole) → anus.

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